OpenCC 1.4.1

Conversion between Traditional and Simplified Chinese

Open Chinese Convert 開放中文轉換

Introduction 介紹

Open Chinese Convert (OpenCC, 開放中文轉換) is an open source project for conversions between Traditional Chinese, Simplified Chinese and Japanese Kanji (Shinjitai). It supports character-level and phrase-level conversion, character variant handling, and regional vocabulary variants across Mainland China, Taiwan and Hong Kong. This is not a translation tool between Mandarin and Cantonese, etc.

中文簡繁轉換開源項目，支持詞彙級別的轉換、異體字轉換和地區習慣用詞轉換（中國大陸、台灣、香港）及日本新字體轉換。不提供普通話與粵語之間的轉換。

Discussion (Telegram): https://t.me/open_chinese_convert

Features 特點

• 嚴格區分「一簡對多繁」和「一簡對多異」。
• 完全兼容異體字，可以實現動態替換。
• 嚴格審校一簡對多繁詞條，原則爲「能分則不合」。
• 支持中國大陸、台灣、香港異體字和地區習慣用詞轉換，如「裏」「裡」、「鼠標」「滑鼠」。
• 詞庫和函數庫完全分離，可以自由修改、導入、擴展。

詳情參閱OpenCC 設計思想及地區詞收錄標準。

Installation 安裝

Package Managers 包管理器

• Debian
• Ubuntu
• Fedora
• Arch Linux
• macOS (Homebrew)
  • 使用 brew install opencc 命令可安裝命令行工具；formula 更新至 1.4.1 後將包含 Jieba 分詞插件
• WinGet
  • 使用 winget install opencc 命令可直接安裝 opencc.exe 應用程式，含 Jieba 分詞插件
• Bazel
• Node.js
  • 使用 npm install -g opencc 命令可安裝 OpenCC Node.js CLI
  • 使用 npm install -g opencc opencc-jieba 命令可同時安裝 OpenCC Node.js CLI 及 Jieba 分詞插件
• Python
  • 使用 pip install opencc 命令可安裝 Python API 及 Python CLI
• More (Repology)

Prebuilt binaries 預編譯二進位檔

OpenCC 1.4.1 修復 opencc npm 套件在無預編譯二進制平台上源碼編譯安裝失敗的 問題，並包含一批詞庫修正；C++ ABI 與 1.4.0 相同（SOVERSION 1.4），自 1.4.0 升級的下游 C++ 程式無需重新連結。

• Windows (x86_64): OpenCC-1.4.1 (SHA-256)
  • This Windows release is available from WinGet. For details, see doc/windows-winget-release.md.
  • Requires Microsoft Visual C++ Redistributable for Visual Studio 2015-2026. Download the latest version from Microsoft.
• Debian/Ubuntu (amd64):
  • opencc_1.4.1_amd64.deb
  • opencc-jieba_1.4.1_amd64.deb

Usage 使用

Online 線上轉換

https://opencc.js.org/converter?config=s2t

Node.js

npm install opencc

The npm package supports Node.js >=20.17. It uses bundled Node-API prebuilds when available and falls back to a local node-gyp build when the current platform does not have a matching prebuild.

Bun and Deno can also use the npm package through their npm compatibility support.

To install the npm CLI:

npm install -g opencc
opencc -c s2t.json -i input.txt -o output.txt

The npm CLI supports basic text conversion. Plugins, --inspect, and --segmentation require the native OpenCC CLI.

import { OpenCC } from 'opencc';
async function main() {
  const converter: OpenCC = new OpenCC('s2t.json');
  const result: string = await converter.convertPromise('汉字');
  console.log(result);  // 漢字
}

Inline configurations can be passed with OpenCC.fromConfig:

import { OpenCC } from 'opencc';
const converter = OpenCC.fromConfig({
  name: 'Demo Inline Config',
  conversion_chain: [{
    dict: { type: 'inline', entries: { '鼠标': '滑鼠' } },
  }],
});
console.log(converter.convertSync('鼠标'));  // 滑鼠

See demo.js and demo.ts.

Python

pip install opencc (Windows, Linux, macOS)

import opencc
converter = opencc.OpenCC('s2t.json')
converter.convert('汉字')  # 漢字

The Python package also installs a basic CLI:

pip install opencc
opencc -c s2t.json -i input.txt -o output.txt

The Python CLI supports basic text conversion, --include-tofu-risk-dictionaries, and --resource-zip. Diagnostic modes such as --inspect and --segmentation still require the native OpenCC CLI.

C++

#include "opencc.h"

int main() {
  const opencc::SimpleConverter converter("s2t.json");
  converter.Convert("汉字");  // 漢字
  return 0;
}

Full example with Bazel

When OpenCC is embedded in a server binary or self-contained application, the JSON config can stay small while dictionary resources are loaded from explicit resource directories:

#include <memory>
#include <vector>

#include "SimpleConverter.hpp"

int main() {
  auto resources = std::make_shared<opencc::FilesystemResourceProvider>(
      std::vector<std::string>{
          "/opt/my-app/opencc",
          "/opt/my-app/plugins/opencc-jieba",
          "/usr/share/opencc",
      });
  const opencc::SimpleConverter converter("s2t.json", resources);
  converter.Convert("汉字");
  return 0;
}

FilesystemResourceProvider searches directories in order. Existing SimpleConverter("s2t.json") and CLI behavior continue to use the config file location, current directory, explicit paths, and installed OpenCC data directory as before.

C

#include "opencc.h"

int main() {
  opencc_t opencc = opencc_open("s2t.json");
  const char* input = "汉字";
  char* converted = opencc_convert_utf8(opencc, input, strlen(input));  // 漢字
  opencc_convert_utf8_free(converted);
  opencc_close(opencc);
  return 0;
}

Full Document 完整文檔

Command Line

Unless otherwise noted, this section describes the native OpenCC CLI built from the C++ toolchain. The Python and npm CLIs support basic file/stdin conversion only, plus --include-tofu-risk-dictionaries; the Python CLI also supports --resource-zip.

• opencc --help
• opencc_dict --help

Segmentation and Inspection Modes

OpenCC CLI supports two diagnostic modes that output JSON instead of converted text:

--segmentation — Output segmentation result only (no conversion):

echo "他只看了几行日志，就一叶知秋，猜到整个系统是数据库连接池出了问题" | opencc -c s2twp.json --segmentation
# {"input":"他只看了几行日志，就一叶知秋，猜到整个系统是数据库连接池出了问题","segments":["他","只看","了几行","日志","，就","一叶知秋","，猜到","整个","系统","是","数据库","连接池","出了","问题"]}

--inspect — Output full inspection result (segmentation + per-stage conversion + final output):

echo "他只看了几行日志，就一叶知秋，猜到整个系统是数据库连接池出了问题" | opencc -c s2twp.json --inspect
# {"input":"他只看了几行日志，就一叶知秋，猜到整个系统是数据库连接池出了问题","segments":["他","只看","了几行","日志","，就","一叶知秋","，猜到","整个","系统","是","数据库","连接池","出了","问题"],"stages":[{"index":1,"segments":["他","只看","了幾行","日誌","，就","一葉知秋","，猜到","整個","系統","是","數據庫","連接池","出了","問題"]},{"index":2,"segments":["他","只看","了幾行","日誌","，就","一葉知秋","，猜到","整個","系統","是","資料庫","連線池","出了","問題"]},{"index":3,"segments":["他","只看","了幾行","日誌","，就","一葉知秋","，猜到","整個","系統","是","資料庫","連線池","出了","問題"]}],"output":"他只看了幾行日誌，就一葉知秋，猜到整個系統是資料庫連線池出了問題"}

# Pretty-print with jq:
echo "他只看了几行日志，就一叶知秋，猜到整个系统是数据库连接池出了问题" | opencc -c s2twp.json --inspect | jq .

These modes are useful for diagnosing conversion issues:

1. Use --segmentation to verify that the input is segmented as expected.
2. Use --inspect to see which conversion stage produces an unexpected result.

Rules:

• --segmentation and --inspect are mutually exclusive.

Official / Recommended Ports

The following ports are maintained within the OpenCC ecosystem and are generally up to date with current configuration and dictionary data.

• Data package: opencc-data
• Pure JavaScript: opencc-js
  • See notes about different OpenCC NPM packages below.
• WebAssembly: opencc-wasm (website)
• Pure Python: opencc-py (pre-release)

Other Ports (Unofficial)

These ports are community-maintained and may not always track upstream updates.

• Swift (iOS): SwiftyOpenCC
• iOSOpenCC (pod): iOSOpenCC
• Java: opencc4j
• Android: android-opencc
• PHP: opencc4php
• WebAssembly: wasm-opencc
• Browser Extension: opencc-extension
• Go (Pure): OpenCC for Go
• Dart (native-assets): opencc-dart

Configurations 配置文件

預設配置文件

• s2t.json Simplified Chinese to Traditional Chinese (OpenCC Standard) / 簡體 到 OpenCC 標準繁體
• t2s.json Traditional Chinese (OpenCC Standard) to Simplified Chinese / OpenCC 標準繁體 到 簡體
• s2tw.json Simplified Chinese to Traditional Chinese (Taiwan Standard) / 簡體 到 台灣正體
• tw2s.json Traditional Chinese (Taiwan Standard) to Simplified Chinese / 台灣正體 到 簡體
• s2hk.json Simplified Chinese to Traditional Chinese (Hong Kong variant) / 簡體 到 香港繁體
• hk2s.json Traditional Chinese (Hong Kong variant) to Simplified Chinese / 香港繁體 到 簡體
• s2twp.json Simplified Chinese to Traditional Chinese (Taiwan Standard, with Taiwan Phrases) / 簡體 到 台灣正體（含台灣常用詞彙）
• tw2sp.json Traditional Chinese (Taiwan Standard) to Simplified Chinese (Mainland China Phrases) / 台灣正體 到 簡體（含中國大陸常用詞彙）
• t2tw.json Traditional Chinese (OpenCC Standard) to Traditional Chinese (Taiwan Standard) / OpenCC 標準繁體 到 台灣正體
• tw2t.json Traditional Chinese (Taiwan Standard) to Traditional Chinese (OpenCC Standard) / 台灣正體 到 OpenCC 標準繁體
• t2hk.json Traditional Chinese (OpenCC Standard) to Traditional Chinese (Hong Kong variant) / OpenCC 標準繁體 到 香港繁體
• hk2t.json Traditional Chinese (Hong Kong variant) to Traditional Chinese (OpenCC Standard) / 香港繁體 到 OpenCC 標準繁體

下列配置文件仍在開發中，歡迎貢獻新詞組：

• s2hkp.json Simplified Chinese to Traditional Chinese (Hong Kong variant, with Hong Kong Phrases) / 簡體 到 香港繁體（香港常用詞彙）
• hk2sp.json Traditional Chinese (Hong Kong variant) to Simplified Chinese (Mainland China Phrases) / 香港繁體 到 簡體（含中國大陸常用詞彙）

下列配置文件僅供探索性研究，不建議用於生產環境：

• t2jp.json Old Japanese Kanji (Kyūjitai) to New Japanese Kanji (Shinjitai) / 日文舊字體 到 日文新字體
• jp2t.json New Japanese Kanji (Shinjitai) to Old Japanese Kanji (Kyūjitai) / 日文新字體 到 日文舊字體，並將少量日文詞組轉換爲對應中文

指定配置文件

通过环境变量OPENCC_DATA_DIR加载指定路径下的配置文件

OPENCC_DATA_DIR=/path/to/your/config/dir opencc --help

內聯字典（inline dictionary）

配置檔中的字典可使用 type: "inline"，直接在 JSON 裡定義小型自訂詞彙， 不必修改外部字典檔。例如在 group.dicts 最前面加入覆寫規則：

{
  "conversion_chain": [
    {
      "dict": {
        "type": "group",
        "dicts": [
          {
            "type": "inline",
            "entries": {
              "麦旋风": "冰炫風",
              "服务器": "伺服器"
            }
          },
          {
            "type": "ocd2",
            "file": "STPhrases.ocd2"
          },
          {
            "type": "ocd2",
            "file": "STCharacters.ocd2"
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}

規則與限制：

• entries 必須是 JSON 物件。
• entries 的 key/value 必須是非空字串。
• 重複 key 不受支援；如包含，載入會直接失敗（拋出錯誤）。
• key/value 會按解析結果原樣使用，不做 trim、大小寫折疊或 Unicode normalization。
• 內聯字典與普通字典行為一致，優先級由 group.dicts 的順序決定。
• 內聯字典輸出仍會繼續經過後續 conversion_chain 步驟，不提供鎖定最終輸出。

備註：OpenCC 1.3.2+ 解析器支援有限 JSONC 語法（//、/* */ 註解與尾逗號）。 若需跨實作相容，建議使用嚴格 JSON，不依賴 JSONC 擴充。

更多完整示例可見 examples/config/。該目錄僅供學習與自訂參考，不屬於官方內建 配置列表。

Experimental Plugins 試驗性插件

OpenCC 現已支援外部 C++ 分詞插件。當前第一個插件為 opencc-jieba， 可通過 s2t_jieba.json、s2tw_jieba.json、s2hk_jieba.json、 s2twp_jieba.json、tw2sp_jieba.json 等插件配置啓用。

OpenCC now supports external C++ segmentation plugins. The first plugin is opencc-jieba, which can be enabled through plugin-backed configs such as s2t_jieba.json, s2tw_jieba.json, s2hk_jieba.json, s2twp_jieba.json, and tw2sp_jieba.json.

注意：

• 該插件機制目前仍為試驗性功能。
• jieba 插件是可選組件，Python 套件和 Node.js 套件都不要求它。自 1.4.1 起，macOS 上的頂層 CMake 構建（含 Homebrew）預設啓用該插件（BUILD_OPENCC_JIEBA_PLUGIN=ON）；其他平台與以子項目方式引入的構建預設仍為關閉。
• opencc-jieba 額外依賴 cppjieba 及其配套詞典資源，這些依賴僅在構建或分發該插件時需要。
• 在下一次正式發布版本之前，插件 ABI 仍可能發生變化，不應視為穩定介面。
• 我們預計從下一次正式發布版本開始，將插件 ABI 視為穩定介面。
• Windows 下插件必須與宿主 OpenCC 二進位使用 ABI 相容的工具鏈／執行時構建；MSVC 與 MinGW 產物不支援混用。

Notes:

• The plugin mechanism is currently experimental.
• The jieba plugin is optional and is not required by the Python package or the Node.js package. Since 1.4.1, top-level CMake builds on macOS (including Homebrew) enable the plugin by default (BUILD_OPENCC_JIEBA_PLUGIN=ON); other platforms and subproject builds keep it disabled by default.
• opencc-jieba additionally depends on cppjieba and its dictionary resources. These dependencies are only needed when building or distributing the plugin itself.
• The plugin ABI may still change before the next formal OpenCC release and should not yet be treated as stable.
• We expect to treat the plugin ABI as stable starting with the next formal OpenCC release.
• On Windows, plugins must be built with an ABI-compatible toolchain/runtime as the host OpenCC binary. Mixing MSVC-built hosts with MinGW-built plugins, or the reverse, is unsupported.

Build 編譯

Build with CMake

Linux & macOS

g++ 4.6+ or clang 3.2+ is required.

make

Windows Visual Studio:

build.cmd

Build with Bazel

bazel build //:opencc

Test 測試

Linux & macOS

make test

Windows Visual Studio:

test.cmd

Test with Bazel

bazel test --test_output=all //src/... //data/... //python/... //test/...

Benchmark 基準測試

make benchmark

詳情見 doc/benchmark.md 檔案。

Projects using OpenCC 使用 OpenCC 的項目

Please update if your project is using OpenCC.

• ibus-pinyin
• fcitx
• rimeime
• libgooglepinyin
• ibus-libpinyin
• alfred-chinese-converter
• GoldenDict
• China Biographical Database Project (CBDB)
• OpenCC-Traditional Chinese to Traditional Chinese (The Chinese Government Standard)
  • 將混雜不同標準的繁體字形轉換為中國《通用規範漢字表》(2013) 中的繁體字形
  • 展示說明頁面
  • 轉換方案設計說明

License 許可協議

Apache License 2.0

Third Party Libraries 第三方庫

• darts-clone BSD License
• marisa-trie BSD License
• tclap MIT License
• rapidjson MIT License
• Google Test BSD License
• cppjieba MIT License
  • Optional dependency used by the experimental opencc-jieba plugin.
  • 試驗性 opencc-jieba 插件使用的可選依賴。

Change History 版本歷史

• NEWS
  • 另見 https://opencc.byvoid.com/news/

Links 相關連結

• Publications Using OpenCC - 近年來使用了 OpenCC 的研究論文選錄
• 現代漢語常用繁簡轉換匹配辨析表
• 關於 opencc, opencc-js 与 opencc-wasm 三个 NPM packages 區別的說明 https://github.com/nk2028/opencc-js/blob/HEAD/README-zh-TW.md#%E8%88%87-opencc-npm-package-%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%80%E5%88%A5

Contributors 貢獻者

• BYVoid
• 佛振
• Peng Huang
• LI Daobing
• Kefu Chai
• Kan-Ru Chen
• Ma Xiaojun
• Jiang Jiang
• Ruey-Cheng Chen
• Paul Meng
• Lawrence Lau
• 瑾昀
• 內木一郎
• Marguerite Su
• Brian White
• Qijiang Fan
• LEOYoon-Tsaw
• Steven Yao
• Pellaeon Lin
• stony
• steelywing
• 吕旭东
• Weng Xuetian
• Ma Tao
• Heinz Wiesinger
• J.W
• Amo Wu
• Mark Tsai
• Zhe Wang
• sgqy
• Qichuan (Sean) ZHANG
• Flandre Scarlet
• 宋辰文
• iwater
• Xpol Wan
• Weihang Lo
• Cychih
• kyleskimo
• Ryuan Choi
• Prcuvu
• Tony Able
• Xiao Liang
• Frank Lin

Please feel free to update this list if you have contributed OpenCC.