Galactic Dynamics in python

galpy is a Python package for galactic dynamics. It supports orbit integration in a variety of potentials, evaluating and sampling various distribution functions, and the calculation of action-angle coordinates for all static potentials. galpy is an astropy affiliated package and provides full support for astropy’s Quantity framework for variables with units.

AUTHOR

Jo Bovy - bovy at astro dot utoronto dot ca

See AUTHORS.txt for a full list of contributors.

If you find this code useful in your research, please let me know. If you use galpy in a publication, please cite Bovy (2015) and link to http://github.com/jobovy/galpy. See the acknowledgement documentation section for a more detailed guide to citing parts of the code. Thanks!

LOOKING FOR HELP?

The latest documentation can be found here. You can also join the galpy slack community for any questions related to galpy; join here.

If you find any bug in the code, please report these using the Issue Tracker or by joining the galpy slack community.

If you are having issues with the installation of galpy, please first consult the Installation FAQ.

PYTHON VERSIONS AND DEPENDENCIES

galpy supports Python 3. Specifically, galpy supports Python 3.10, 3.11, 3.12, 3.13, and 3.14. GitHub Actions CI builds regularly check support for Python 3.14 (and of 3.10, 3.11, 3.12, and 3.13 using a more limited, core set of tests) on Linux and Windows (and 3.14 on Mac OS). Python 2.7 is no longer supported.

This package requires Numpy, Scipy, and Matplotlib. Certain advanced features require the GNU Scientific Library (GSL), with action calculations requiring version 1.14 or higher. Other optional dependencies include:

Support for providing inputs and getting outputs as Quantities with units is provided through astropy.
Querying SIMBAD for the coordinates of an object in the Orbit.from_name initialization method requires astroquery.
Displaying a progress bar for certain operations (e.g., orbit integration of multiple objects at once) requires tqdm.
Plotting arbitrary functions of Orbit attributes requires numexpr.
Speeding up the evaluation of certain functions in the C code requires numba.
Constant-anisotropy DFs in galpy.df.constantbetadf require JAX.
Use of SnapshotRZPotential and InterpSnapshotRZPotential requires pynbody.

Other parts of the code may require additional packages and you will be alerted by the code if they are not installed.

CONTRIBUTING TO GALPY

If you are interested in contributing to galpy's development, take a look at this brief guide on the wiki. This will hopefully help you get started!

Some further development notes can be found on the wiki. This includes a list of small and larger extensions of galpy that would be useful here as well as a longer-term roadmap here. Please let the main developer know if you need any help contributing!

Release files for galpy 1.12.0

For a detailed explanation of source distributions (sdists) and built distributions (wheels), please see the package formats documentation.

Source distribution (sdist)

Source distribution for galpy 1.12.0
File	Size	Uploaded
galpy-1.12.0.tar.gz	1.2 MB	Jul 1, 2026	Details

Built distributions (wheels)

Table of built distributions (wheels) for galpy 1.12.0
File	Interpreter	ABI	Platform	Reset
galpy-1.12.0-cp314-cp314-win_amd64.whl 2.6 MB Jul 1, 2026	CPython 3.14	CPython 3.14	Windows x86-64	Details
galpy-1.12.0-cp314-cp314-manylinux2014_x86_64.manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl 3.2 MB Jul 1, 2026	CPython 3.14	CPython 3.14	Linux glibc 2.17+ x86-64, Linux glibc 2.28+ x86-64	Details
galpy-1.12.0-cp314-cp314-macosx_11_0_x86_64.whl 17.0 MB Jul 1, 2026	CPython 3.14	CPython 3.14	macOS 11.0+ x86-64	Details
galpy-1.12.0-cp314-cp314-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl 10.0 MB Jul 1, 2026	CPython 3.14	CPython 3.14	macOS 11.0+ ARM64	Details
galpy-1.12.0-cp313-cp313-win_amd64.whl 2.5 MB Jul 1, 2026	CPython 3.13	CPython 3.13	Windows x86-64	Details
galpy-1.12.0-cp313-cp313-manylinux2014_x86_64.manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl 3.2 MB Jul 1, 2026	CPython 3.13	CPython 3.13	Linux glibc 2.17+ x86-64, Linux glibc 2.28+ x86-64	Details
galpy-1.12.0-cp313-cp313-macosx_11_0_x86_64.whl 17.0 MB Jul 1, 2026	CPython 3.13	CPython 3.13	macOS 11.0+ x86-64	Details
galpy-1.12.0-cp313-cp313-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl 10.0 MB Jul 1, 2026	CPython 3.13	CPython 3.13	macOS 11.0+ ARM64	Details
galpy-1.12.0-cp312-cp312-win_amd64.whl 2.5 MB Jul 1, 2026	CPython 3.12	CPython 3.12	Windows x86-64	Details
galpy-1.12.0-cp312-cp312-manylinux2014_x86_64.manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl 3.2 MB Jul 1, 2026	CPython 3.12	CPython 3.12	Linux glibc 2.17+ x86-64, Linux glibc 2.28+ x86-64	Details
galpy-1.12.0-cp312-cp312-macosx_11_0_x86_64.whl 17.0 MB Jul 1, 2026	CPython 3.12	CPython 3.12	macOS 11.0+ x86-64	Details
galpy-1.12.0-cp312-cp312-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl 10.0 MB Jul 1, 2026	CPython 3.12	CPython 3.12	macOS 11.0+ ARM64	Details
galpy-1.12.0-cp311-cp311-win_amd64.whl 2.5 MB Jul 1, 2026	CPython 3.11	CPython 3.11	Windows x86-64	Details
galpy-1.12.0-cp311-cp311-manylinux2014_x86_64.manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl 3.2 MB Jul 1, 2026	CPython 3.11	CPython 3.11	Linux glibc 2.17+ x86-64, Linux glibc 2.28+ x86-64	Details
galpy-1.12.0-cp311-cp311-macosx_11_0_x86_64.whl 17.0 MB Jul 1, 2026	CPython 3.11	CPython 3.11	macOS 11.0+ x86-64	Details
galpy-1.12.0-cp311-cp311-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl 10.0 MB Jul 1, 2026	CPython 3.11	CPython 3.11	macOS 11.0+ ARM64	Details
galpy-1.12.0-cp310-cp310-win_amd64.whl 2.5 MB Jul 1, 2026	CPython 3.10	CPython 3.10	Windows x86-64	Details
galpy-1.12.0-cp310-cp310-manylinux2014_x86_64.manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl 3.2 MB Jul 1, 2026	CPython 3.10	CPython 3.10	Linux glibc 2.28+ x86-64, Linux glibc 2.17+ x86-64	Details
galpy-1.12.0-cp310-cp310-macosx_11_0_x86_64.whl 17.0 MB Jul 1, 2026	CPython 3.10	CPython 3.10	macOS 11.0+ x86-64	Details
galpy-1.12.0-cp310-cp310-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl 10.0 MB Jul 1, 2026	CPython 3.10	CPython 3.10	macOS 11.0+ ARM64	Details

Total release size: 164.8 MB

Release files / galpy-1.12.0.tar.gz

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Publishing platform: GitHub Actions
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Uploaded via	`twine/6.1.0 CPython/3.13.12`

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Publishing platform: GitHub Actions
Publishing repository: github.com/jobovy/galpy
Publishing commit: github.com/jobovy/galpy/tree/bcd5626f2bee42e1737585271d9855bbc2b45d6c

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Release files / galpy-1.12.0-cp312-cp312-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl

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Uploaded via	`twine/6.1.0 CPython/3.13.12`

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Publishing platform: GitHub Actions
Publishing repository: github.com/jobovy/galpy
Publishing commit: github.com/jobovy/galpy/tree/bcd5626f2bee42e1737585271d9855bbc2b45d6c

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Uploaded via	`twine/6.1.0 CPython/3.13.12`

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Publishing platform: GitHub Actions
Publishing repository: github.com/jobovy/galpy
Publishing commit: github.com/jobovy/galpy/tree/bcd5626f2bee42e1737585271d9855bbc2b45d6c

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Release files / galpy-1.12.0-cp311-cp311-manylinux2014_x86_64.manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl

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Uploaded via	`twine/6.1.0 CPython/3.13.12`

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Publishing platform: GitHub Actions
Publishing repository: github.com/jobovy/galpy
Publishing commit: github.com/jobovy/galpy/tree/bcd5626f2bee42e1737585271d9855bbc2b45d6c

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Release files / galpy-1.12.0-cp311-cp311-macosx_11_0_x86_64.whl

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Uploaded via	`twine/6.1.0 CPython/3.13.12`

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Publishing platform: GitHub Actions
Publishing repository: github.com/jobovy/galpy
Publishing commit: github.com/jobovy/galpy/tree/bcd5626f2bee42e1737585271d9855bbc2b45d6c

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Release files / galpy-1.12.0-cp311-cp311-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl

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Upload date	Jul 1, 2026
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Uploaded via	`twine/6.1.0 CPython/3.13.12`

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Publishing platform: GitHub Actions
Publishing repository: github.com/jobovy/galpy
Publishing commit: github.com/jobovy/galpy/tree/bcd5626f2bee42e1737585271d9855bbc2b45d6c

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Artifact

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Release files / galpy-1.12.0-cp310-cp310-win_amd64.whl

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Upload date	Jul 1, 2026
Uploaded using Trusted Publishing? What is trusted publishing?	Yes
Uploaded via	`twine/6.1.0 CPython/3.13.12`

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Publishing platform: GitHub Actions
Publishing repository: github.com/jobovy/galpy
Publishing commit: github.com/jobovy/galpy/tree/bcd5626f2bee42e1737585271d9855bbc2b45d6c

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Artifact

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Release files / galpy-1.12.0-cp310-cp310-manylinux2014_x86_64.manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl

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Upload date	Jul 1, 2026
Uploaded using Trusted Publishing? What is trusted publishing?	Yes
Uploaded via	`twine/6.1.0 CPython/3.13.12`

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Publishing platform: GitHub Actions
Publishing repository: github.com/jobovy/galpy
Publishing commit: github.com/jobovy/galpy/tree/bcd5626f2bee42e1737585271d9855bbc2b45d6c

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Artifact

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SHA-256 checksum: ff0f8bbe67462f48d38656ae992553f851587bfcc9233227379f2882bf91ce76 Verifying attestations

Release files / galpy-1.12.0-cp310-cp310-macosx_11_0_x86_64.whl

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Upload date	Jul 1, 2026
Uploaded using Trusted Publishing? What is trusted publishing?	Yes
Uploaded via	`twine/6.1.0 CPython/3.13.12`

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Publishing platform: GitHub Actions
Publishing repository: github.com/jobovy/galpy
Publishing commit: github.com/jobovy/galpy/tree/bcd5626f2bee42e1737585271d9855bbc2b45d6c

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Artifact

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Release files / galpy-1.12.0-cp310-cp310-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl

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Upload date	Jul 1, 2026
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Uploaded via	`twine/6.1.0 CPython/3.13.12`

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Publishing platform: GitHub Actions
Publishing repository: github.com/jobovy/galpy
Publishing commit: github.com/jobovy/galpy/tree/bcd5626f2bee42e1737585271d9855bbc2b45d6c

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Artifact

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