hla-genotyper 0.4.1b1

Tool to predict HLA genotypes from RNA-Seq and DNA-Seq Data

HLA-Genotyper

HLA-Genotyper is a python software tool to call 4-digit HLA genotypes from RNA-Seq and DNA-Seq directly from BAM files

Installation with easy_install

The latest version of HLA-Genotyper is available through pypi. To install, simply type:

> sudo easy_install hla-genotyper

Or if you do not have sudo privileges, the software can be installed into your user directory with:

> easy_install --user hla-genotyper

To install easy_install, the following command line will install it into your system Python:

> sudo curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/ez_setup.py -o - | python

Installation with pip

To install pip, type the following command:

> sudo curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py|python

Then HLA-Genotyper can be installed with the pip command line:

> sudo pip install hla-genotyper

or to install in your user directory:

> pip install --user hla-genotyper

Quick Start

For certain alignment programs, many reads from the HLA genes are not mapped due to the high level of polymorphisms in the exons. For those alignment programs, HLA-Genotyper will need to search among the unmapped reads for HLA read sequences. For example, bwa aln does not align reads well to HLA genes so searching through the unmapped reads is neccesary. The bwa mem program appears better for the MHC region as is the GEMS mapper.

So for a bam file created with bwa aln, the first step is to create an additional bam file with unmapped reads for hla-genotyper to scan.

The samtools command can be used to create the bam file of unmapped reads:

> samtools view -u -f 4 mybam.bam > mybam.unmapped.bam

Once the bam file is available with the unmapped reads, the following commands will complete the HLA genotyping of the bam files depending on the type of sequencing experiment.

Whole Genome Sequencing:

> hla-genotyper mybam.bam -u mybam.unmapped.bam -e EUR --genome

The HLA genotyping results for the whole genome sequencing will be placed in 3 files (hla.EUR.mybam.genome.txt,hla.EUR.mybam.genome.dose,hla.EUR.mybam.genome.log)

Whole Exome Sequencing:

> hla-genotyper mybam.bam -u mybam.unmapped.bam -e EUR --exome

The HLA genotyping results for the whole exome sequencing will be placed in 3 files (hla.EUR.mybam.rnaseq.txt,hla.EUR.mybam.rnaseq.dose,hla.EUR.mybam.rnaseq.log)

RNA-Seq:

> hla-genotyper mybam.bam -u mybam.unmapped.bam -e EUR --rnaseq

The extra step for scanning unmapped reads is not necessary for the GEMS aligner and possibly the newest version of bwa mem (based on initial testing). In that case, the creation of the unmapped bam file and the -u option can be dropped:

>  hla-genotyper mybam.bam -e EUR --rnaseq

To improve the speed and accuracy of the HLA genotype calls, specifying the ethnicity of the sample is recommended. This option provides a set of priors for the various HLA alleles found in the ethnic population. The ethnicity is specified with with the -e or –ethnicity command line option. The available options are ‘AFA’, ‘API’, ‘EUR’, ‘HIS’ and ‘UNK’ which correspond to African-American, Asian-Pacific, European, Hispanic and Unknown. These ethnic priors for the HLA alleles are based on transplant registry frequencies and supplemented with HLA alleles also found in 1000 genomes. For the unknown ethnicity priors, priors are simply a uniform distribution for all the HLA alleles found in all 4 populations. However, using the -e UNK option will take much longer due to the increase number of HLA allele combinations that are examined along with lower accuracy.

HLA-Genotyper Command line Options

Parameter Option	Description of HLA-Genotyper Command Line Options
-h, –help	Show this help message
-u UNMAPPED_BAM	Bam file containing unmapped reads. This file will be searched for reads with exact matches to known HLA allele sequences. Recommended for alignments by bwa and most aligners. The samtools command line, samtools view -u -f 4 mybam.bam > mybam.unmapped.bam will create a bam file of unmapped reads
-l READLEN	This is optional and can be used to specify the read length of the reads in the bam file rather than letting the program determine this length. This is useful when predicting archaic human HLA genotypes where there is wide range of variable read lengths.
-m MAPQ	Minimum mapping quality
–qual BQ	Minimum base quality within a read
–debug	For debugging, list HLA matched read probabilities
–rnaseq	Indicates the bam file is from an RNA-Seq experiment. Reads spanning between exons are included in the analysis.
–exome	Indicates the bam file is from a whole exome or targeted sequencing experiment.
–genome	Flag to indicate the input bam file is from a whole genome experiment.
-s SAMPLE	To provide the study id in the output file if not available in the header of the bam file.
–cn CN	To provide the Sequencing Center ID for output if not available in the header of the bam file.
-g GENE	Limits the analysis to one of the HLA genes (A,B,C,DRB1, DQB1, DQA1) (Not Recommended)
-e ETHNICITY	To designate the ethnic priors to be used in the naïve Bayes algorithm. The prior probabilities for each ethnic group are stored in the ethnic_priors.txt file. The ethnicity code specified must match one of those in the ethnic_priors.txt file, which are presently coded EUR, AFA, API, and HIS.
-r –reference	To indicate the reference used in the alignment. The options available are 37 or 38 which correspond to GRCh37/hg19 and GRCH38/hg38.
-o	Directory for output files to be written to.

HLA-Genotyper Output

The HLA-Genotyperscript generates 3 output files: a log file, a dose file and the HLA genotype file.

• The log file logs the various steps during the completion of the HLA genotyping.

• The dose file is a tab-delimited file useful for reading into R scripts for analysis. The file columns correspond to the name of the bam file, id, ethnicity and the list of HLA alleles examined. The HLA allele columns contained the count of each HLA allele found in the specific population for this individual (0,1,2).

• The genotype file lists per line, the Center, bam filename, sample id, ethnic population, the HLA genotype, posterior probability, genotype quality followed by the read counts for each allele from mapped and unmapped bam files.

References

HLA-Genotyper Prediction of HLA Genotypes from Next Generation Sequencing Data J.J. Farrell, G. Jun, L. A. Farrer, A. DeStefano, P. Sebastiani. (Program #1453M) Presented at the 64th Annual Meeting of The American Society of Human Genetics, October 20, 2014, San Diego, CA.

Contact

For questions and comments contact farrell [ at ] bu.edu