LINE Messaging API SDK for Python
Project description
SDK of the LINE Messaging API for Python.
Introduction
The LINE Messaging API SDK for Python makes it easy to develop bots using LINE Messaging API, and you can create a sample bot within minutes.
Documentation
See the official API documentation for more information
English: https://developers.line.biz/en/docs/messaging-api/overview/
Japanese: https://developers.line.biz/ja/docs/messaging-api/overview/
Requirements
Python >= 3.6
Installation
$ pip install line-bot-sdk
Synopsis
Usage:
from flask import Flask, request, abort
from linebot import (
LineBotApi, WebhookHandler
)
from linebot.exceptions import (
InvalidSignatureError
)
from linebot.models import (
MessageEvent, TextMessage, TextSendMessage,
)
app = Flask(__name__)
line_bot_api = LineBotApi('YOUR_CHANNEL_ACCESS_TOKEN')
handler = WebhookHandler('YOUR_CHANNEL_SECRET')
@app.route("/callback", methods=['POST'])
def callback():
# get X-Line-Signature header value
signature = request.headers['X-Line-Signature']
# get request body as text
body = request.get_data(as_text=True)
app.logger.info("Request body: " + body)
# handle webhook body
try:
handler.handle(body, signature)
except InvalidSignatureError:
print("Invalid signature. Please check your channel access token/channel secret.")
abort(400)
return 'OK'
@handler.add(MessageEvent, message=TextMessage)
def handle_message(event):
line_bot_api.reply_message(
event.reply_token,
TextSendMessage(text=event.message.text))
if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run()API
LineBotApi
__init__(self, channel_access_token, endpoint=’https://api.line.me’, timeout=5, http_client=RequestsHttpClient)
Create a new LineBotApi instance.
line_bot_api = linebot.LineBotApi('YOUR_CHANNEL_ACCESS_TOKEN')You can override the timeout value for each method.
push_message(self, to, messages, notification_disabled=False, custom_aggregation_units=None, timeout=None)
Send messages to users, groups, and rooms at any time.
https://developers.line.biz/en/reference/messaging-api/#send-push-message
line_bot_api.push_message(to, TextSendMessage(text='Hello World!'))multicast(self, to, messages, notification_disabled=False, custom_aggregation_units=None, timeout=None)
Send push messages to multiple users at any time. Messages cannot be sent to groups or rooms.
https://developers.line.biz/en/reference/messaging-api/#send-multicast-message
line_bot_api.multicast(['to1', 'to2'], TextSendMessage(text='Hello World!'))broadcast(self, messages, notification_disabled=False, timeout=None)
Send push messages to multiple users at any time.
https://developers.line.biz/en/reference/messaging-api/#send-broadcast-message
line_bot_api.broadcast(TextSendMessage(text='Hello World!'))narrowcast(self, messages, recipient=None, filter=None, limit=None, timeout=None)
Sends a push message to multiple users specified by attributes (such as age, gender, OS, and region) or retargeting (audiences).
https://developers.line.biz/en/reference/messaging-api/#send-narrowcast-message
line_bot_api.narrowcast(
messages=TextSendMessage(text='Hello World!'),
recipient=AudienceRecipient(group_id=5614991017776),
filter=Filter(demographic=AgeFilter(gte="age_35", lt="age_40")),
limit=Limit(max=10)
)get_progress_status_narrowcast(self, request_id, timeout=None)
Get progress status of narrowcast messages sent.
https://developers.line.biz/en/reference/messaging-api/#get-narrowcast-progress-status
narrowcast_progress = line_bot_api.get_progress_status_narrowcast(request_id)
assert narrowcast_progress.phase == 'succeeded'
print(narrowcast.success_count)
print(narrowcast.failure_count)
print(narrowcast.target_count)get_profile(self, user_id, timeout=None)
Get user profile information.
https://developers.line.biz/en/reference/messaging-api/#get-profile
profile = line_bot_api.get_profile(user_id)
print(profile.display_name)
print(profile.user_id)
print(profile.picture_url)
print(profile.status_message)get_group_summary(self, group_id, timeout=None)
Gets the group ID, group name, and group icon URL of a group where the LINE Official Account is a member.
https://developers.line.biz/en/reference/messaging-api/#get-group-summary
summary = line_bot_api.get_group_summary(group_id)
print(summary.group_id)
print(summary.group_name)
print(summary.picture_url)get_group_member_profile(self, group_id, user_id, timeout=None)
Gets the user profile of a member of a group that the bot is in. This can be the user ID of a user who has not added the bot as a friend or has blocked the bot.
https://developers.line.biz/en/reference/messaging-api/#get-group-member-profile
profile = line_bot_api.get_group_member_profile(group_id, user_id)
print(profile.display_name)
print(profile.user_id)
print(profile.picture_url)get_room_member_profile(self, room_id, user_id, timeout=None)
Gets the user profile of a member of a room that the bot is in. This can be the user ID of a user who has not added the bot as a friend or has blocked the bot.
https://developers.line.biz/en/reference/messaging-api/#get-room-member-profile
profile = line_bot_api.get_room_member_profile(room_id, user_id)
print(profile.display_name)
print(profile.user_id)
print(profile.picture_url)get_group_member_ids(self, group_id, start=None, timeout=None)
Gets the user IDs of the members of a group that the bot is in. This includes the user IDs of users who have not added the bot as a friend or has blocked the bot.
https://developers.line.biz/en/reference/messaging-api/#get-group-member-user-ids
member_ids_res = line_bot_api.get_group_member_ids(group_id)
print(member_ids_res.member_ids)
print(member_ids_res.next)get_room_member_ids(self, room_id, start=None, timeout=None)
Gets the user IDs of the members of a room that the bot is in. This includes the user IDs of users who have not added the bot as a friend or has blocked the bot.
https://developers.line.biz/en/reference/messaging-api/#get-room-member-user-ids
member_ids_res = line_bot_api.get_room_member_ids(room_id)
print(member_ids_res.member_ids)
print(member_ids_res.next)get_group_members_count(self, group_id, timeout=None)
Gets the count of members in a group.
https://developers.line.biz/en/reference/messaging-api/#get-members-group-count
group_count = line_bot_api.get_group_members_count(group_id)
print(group_count)get_room_members_count(self, room_id, timeout=None)
Gets the count of members in a room.
https://developers.line.biz/en/reference/messaging-api/#get-members-room-count
room_count = line_bot_api.get_room_members_count(room_id)
print(room_count)get_message_content(self, message_id, timeout=None)
Retrieve image, video, and audio data sent by users.
https://developers.line.biz/en/reference/messaging-api/#get-content
message_content = line_bot_api.get_message_content(message_id)
with open(file_path, 'wb') as fd:
for chunk in message_content.iter_content():
fd.write(chunk)leave_group(self, group_id, timeout=None)
Leave a group.
https://developers.line.biz/en/reference/messaging-api/#leave-group
line_bot_api.leave_group(group_id)leave_room(self, room_id, timeout=None)
Leave a room.
https://developers.line.biz/en/reference/messaging-api/#leave-room
line_bot_api.leave_room(room_id)issue_link_token(self, user_id, timeout=None)
Issues a link token used for the account link feature.
https://developers.line.biz/en/reference/messaging-api/#issue-link-token
link_token_response = line_bot_api.issue_link_token(<user_id>)
print(link_token_response)issue_channel_token(self, client_id, client_secret, grant_type=’client_credentials’, timeout=None)
Issues a short-lived channel access token.
https://developers.line.biz/en/reference/messaging-api/#issue-channel-access-token
channel_token_response = line_bot_api.issue_channel_token(<client_id>, <client_secret>)
print(access_token_response)revoke_channel_token(self, access_token, timeout=None)
Revokes a channel access token.
https://developers.line.biz/en/reference/messaging-api/#revoke-channel-access-token
line_bot_api.revoke_channel_token(<access_token>)get_insight_message_delivery(self, date, timeout=None)
Get the number of messages sent on a specified day.
https://developers.line.biz/en/reference/messaging-api/#get-number-of-delivery-messages
insight = line_bot_api.get_insight_message_delivery('20191231')
print(insight.api_broadcast)get_insight_followers(self, date, timeout=None)
Get the number of users who have added the bot on or before a specified date.
https://developers.line.biz/en/reference/messaging-api/#get-number-of-followers
insight = line_bot_api.get_insight_followers('20191231')
print(insight.followers)get_insight_demographic(self, timeout=None)
Retrieve the demographic attributes for a bot’s friends.
https://developers.line.biz/en/reference/messaging-api/#get-demographic
insight = line_bot_api.get_insight_demographic()
print(insight.genders)get_insight_message_event(self, request_id, timeout=None)
Return statistics about how users interact with broadcast messages.
https://developers.line.biz/en/reference/messaging-api/#get-message-event
broadcast_response = line_bot_api.broadcast(TextSendMessage(text='Hello World!'))
insight = line_bot_api.get_insight_message_event(broadcast_response.request_id)
print(insight.overview)get_statistics_per_unit(self, custom_aggregation_unit, from_date, to_date, timeout=None)
Return statistics about how users interact with push and multicast messages.
https://developers.line.biz/en/reference/partner-docs/#get-statistics-per-unit
unit_name = 'promotion_a'
line_bot_api.push_message('to', TextSendMessage(text='Hello World!'), custom_aggregation_units=unit_name)
insight = line_bot_api.get_statistics_per_unit(unit_name, '20210301', '20210331')
print(insight.overview)get_number_of_units_used_this_month(self, timeout=None)
Return the number of aggregation units used this month.
https://developers.line.biz/en/reference/partner-docs/#get-number-of-units-used-this-month
usage = line_bot_api.get_number_of_units_used_this_month()
print(usage.num_of_custom_aggregation_units)get_name_list_of_units_used_this_month(self, limit=100, start=None, timeout=None)
Return the name list of units used this month for statistics aggregation.
https://developers.line.biz/en/reference/partner-docs/#get-name-list-of-units-used-this-month
name_list = line_bot_api.get_name_list_of_units_used_this_month()
print(name_list.custom_aggregation_units)
print(name_list.next)get_bot_info(self, timeout=None)
Get bot’s basic information.
https://developers.line.biz/en/reference/messaging-api/#get-bot-info
bot_info = line_bot_api.get_bot_info()
print(bot_info.display_name)
print(bot_info.user_id)
print(bot_info.basic_id)
print(bot_info.premium_id)
print(bot_info.picture_url)
print(bot_info.chat_mode)
print(bot_info.mark_as_read_mode)set_webhook_endpoint(self, webhook_endpoint, timeout=None)
Set the webhook endpoint URL.
https://developers.line.biz/en/reference/messaging-api/#set-webhook-endpoint-url
line_bot_api.set_webhook_endpoint(<webhook_endpoint_URL>)get_webhook_endpoint(self, timeout=None)
Get information on a webhook endpoint.
https://developers.line.biz/en/reference/messaging-api/#get-webhook-endpoint-information
webhook = line_bot_api.get_webhook_endpoint()
print(webhook.endpoint)
print(webhook.active)test_webhook_endpoint(self, webhook_endpoint=None, timeout=None)
Check if the configured webhook endpoint can receive a test webhook event.
https://developers.line.biz/en/reference/messaging-api/#test-webhook-endpoint
test_result = line_bot_api.test_webhook_endpoint()
print(test_result.success)
print(test_result.timestamp)
print(test_result.status_code)
print(test_result.reason)
print(test_result.detail)get_followers_ids(self, limit=300, start=None, timeout=None)
Get a list of users who added your LINE Official Account as a friend.
https://developers.line.biz/en/reference/messaging-api/#get-follower-ids
test_result = line_bot_api.get_followers_ids()
print(test_result.user_ids)
print(test_result.next)※ Error handling
If the LINE API server returns an error, LineBotApi raises LineBotApiError.
https://developers.line.biz/en/reference/messaging-api/#error-responses
try:
line_bot_api.push_message('to', TextSendMessage(text='Hello World!'))
except linebot.exceptions.LineBotApiError as e:
print(e.status_code)
print(e.request_id)
print(e.error.message)
print(e.error.details)Message objects
https://developers.line.biz/en/reference/messaging-api/#message-objects
The following classes are found in the linebot.models package.
TextSendMessage
text_message = TextSendMessage(text='Hello, world')TextSendMessage-Emoji
emoji = [
{
"index": 0,
"productId": "5ac1bfd5040ab15980c9b435",
"emojiId": "001"
},
{
"index": 13,
"productId": "5ac1bfd5040ab15980c9b435",
"emojiId": "002"
}
]
text_message = TextSendMessage(text='$ LINE emoji $', emojis=emoji)ImageSendMessage
image_message = ImageSendMessage(
original_content_url='https://example.com/original.jpg',
preview_image_url='https://example.com/preview.jpg'
)VideoSendMessage
video_message = VideoSendMessage(
original_content_url='https://example.com/original.mp4',
preview_image_url='https://example.com/preview.jpg'
)AudioSendMessage
audio_message = AudioSendMessage(
original_content_url='https://example.com/original.m4a',
duration=240000
)LocationSendMessage
location_message = LocationSendMessage(
title='my location',
address='Tokyo',
latitude=35.65910807942215,
longitude=139.70372892916203
)StickerSendMessage
sticker_message = StickerSendMessage(
package_id='1',
sticker_id='1'
)ImagemapSendMessage
imagemap_message = ImagemapSendMessage(
base_url='https://example.com/base',
alt_text='this is an imagemap',
base_size=BaseSize(height=1040, width=1040),
video=Video(
original_content_url='https://example.com/video.mp4',
preview_image_url='https://example.com/video_preview.jpg',
area=ImagemapArea(
x=0, y=0, width=1040, height=585
),
external_link=ExternalLink(
link_uri='https://example.com/see_more.html',
label='See More',
),
),
actions=[
URIImagemapAction(
link_uri='https://example.com/',
area=ImagemapArea(
x=0, y=0, width=520, height=1040
)
),
MessageImagemapAction(
text='hello',
area=ImagemapArea(
x=520, y=0, width=520, height=1040
)
)
]
)TemplateSendMessage - ConfirmTemplate
confirm_template_message = TemplateSendMessage(
alt_text='Confirm template',
template=ConfirmTemplate(
text='Are you sure?',
actions=[
PostbackAction(
label='postback',
display_text='postback text',
data='action=buy&itemid=1'
),
MessageAction(
label='message',
text='message text'
)
]
)
)TemplateSendMessage - CarouselTemplate
carousel_template_message = TemplateSendMessage(
alt_text='Carousel template',
template=CarouselTemplate(
columns=[
CarouselColumn(
thumbnail_image_url='https://example.com/item1.jpg',
title='this is menu1',
text='description1',
actions=[
PostbackAction(
label='postback1',
display_text='postback text1',
data='action=buy&itemid=1'
),
MessageAction(
label='message1',
text='message text1'
),
URIAction(
label='uri1',
uri='http://example.com/1'
)
]
),
CarouselColumn(
thumbnail_image_url='https://example.com/item2.jpg',
title='this is menu2',
text='description2',
actions=[
PostbackAction(
label='postback2',
display_text='postback text2',
data='action=buy&itemid=2'
),
MessageAction(
label='message2',
text='message text2'
),
URIAction(
label='uri2',
uri='http://example.com/2'
)
]
)
]
)
)TemplateSendMessage - ImageCarouselTemplate
image_carousel_template_message = TemplateSendMessage(
alt_text='ImageCarousel template',
template=ImageCarouselTemplate(
columns=[
ImageCarouselColumn(
image_url='https://example.com/item1.jpg',
action=PostbackAction(
label='postback1',
display_text='postback text1',
data='action=buy&itemid=1'
)
),
ImageCarouselColumn(
image_url='https://example.com/item2.jpg',
action=PostbackAction(
label='postback2',
display_text='postback text2',
data='action=buy&itemid=2'
)
)
]
)
)FlexSendMessage
flex_message = FlexSendMessage(
alt_text='hello',
contents=BubbleContainer(
direction='ltr',
hero=ImageComponent(
url='https://example.com/cafe.jpg',
size='full',
aspect_ratio='20:13',
aspect_mode='cover',
action=URIAction(uri='http://example.com', label='label')
)
)
)※ You can pass a dict to FlexSendMessage#contents as follows:
flex_message = FlexSendMessage(
alt_text='hello',
contents={
'type': 'bubble',
'direction': 'ltr',
'hero': {
'type': 'image',
'url': 'https://example.com/cafe.jpg',
'size': 'full',
'aspectRatio': '20:13',
'aspectMode': 'cover',
'action': { 'type': 'uri', 'uri': 'http://example.com', 'label': 'label' }
}
}
)Thus, You can send a JSON designed with Flex Message Simulator.
With QuickReply
text_message = TextSendMessage(text='Hello, world',
quick_reply=QuickReply(items=[
QuickReplyButton(action=MessageAction(label="label", text="text"))
]))Webhook
WebhookParser
※ You can use WebhookParser
__init__(self, channel_secret)
parser = linebot.WebhookParser('YOUR_CHANNEL_SECRET')parse(self, body, signature, as_payload=False)
Parses the webhook body, and returns a list of Event objects or a WebhookPayload object (depending on as_payload). If the signature does NOT match, InvalidSignatureError is raised.
events = parser.parse(body, signature)
for event in events:
do_something(event)payload = parser.parse(body, signature, as_payload=True)
for event in payload.events:
do_something(payload.event, payload.destination)WebhookHandler
※ You can use WebhookHandler
__init__(self, channel_secret)
handler = linebot.WebhookHandler('YOUR_CHANNEL_SECRET')handle(self, body, signature)
Handles webhooks with handlers added by the decorators add and default. If the signature does NOT match, InvalidSignatureError is raised.
handler.handle(body, signature)add(self, event, message=None)
Add a handler method by using this decorator.
@handler.add(MessageEvent, message=TextMessage)
def handle_message(event):
line_bot_api.reply_message(
event.reply_token,
TextSendMessage(text=event.message.text))When the event is an instance of MessageEvent and event.message is an instance of TextMessage, this handler method is called.
@handler.add(MessageEvent)
def handle_message(event, destination):
# do somethingIf the arity of the handler method is more than one, a destination property in a webhook request is passed to it as the second argument.
@handler.add(FollowEvent)
def handle_follow():
# do somethingIf the arity of the handler method is zero, the handler method is called with no arguments.
default(self)
Set the default handler method by using this decorator.
@handler.default()
def default(event):
print(event)If there is no handler for an event, this default handler method is called.
WebhookPayload
https://developers.line.biz/en/reference/messaging-api/#request-body
- WebhookPayload
destination
events: list[Event]
Webhook event object
https://developers.line.biz/en/reference/messaging-api/#webhook-event-objects
The following classes are found in the linebot.models package.
Event
- FollowEvent
type
mode
timestamp
source: Source
reply_token
- UnfollowEvent
type
mode
timestamp
source: Source
- JoinEvent
type
mode
timestamp
source: Source
reply_token
- LeaveEvent
type
mode
timestamp
source: Source
- PostbackEvent
type
mode
timestamp
source: Source
reply_token
- postback: Postback
data
params: dict
- BeaconEvent
type
mode
timestamp
source: Source
reply_token
- beacon: Beacon
type
hwid
device_message
- MemberJoinedEvent
type
mode
timestamp
source: Source
reply_token
joined: Joined
- MemberLeftEvent
type
mode
timestamp
source: Source
reply_token
left: Left
- AccountLinkEvent
type
mode
timestamp
source: Source
reply_token
link: Link
- ThingsEvent
type
mode
timestamp
source: Source
reply_token
things: DeviceLink | DeviceUnlink | ScenarioResult
Source
- SourceUser
type
user_id
- SourceGroup
type
group_id
user_id
- SourceRoom
type
room_id
user_id
Message
- TextMessage
type
id
text
- TextMessage-Emoji
type
id
text
emojis_index
emojis_productId
emojis_emojiId
- ImageMessage
type
id
content_provider
- VideoMessage
type
id
duration
content_provider
- AudioMessage
type
id
duration
content_provider
- LocationMessage
type
id
title
address
latitude
longitude
- StickerMessage
type
id
package_id
sticker_id
sticker_resource_type
keywords
text
- FileMessage
type
id
file_size
file_name
Hints
Experimental Asyncio support
The LINE Messaging API SDK for Python includes experimental asyncio support. (API may change without notice in a future version)
import os
import sys
from argparse import ArgumentParser
import asyncio
import aiohttp
from aiohttp import web
import logging
from aiohttp.web_runner import TCPSite
from linebot import (
AsyncLineBotApi, WebhookParser
)
from linebot.aiohttp_async_http_client import AiohttpAsyncHttpClient
from linebot.exceptions import (
InvalidSignatureError
)
from linebot.models import (
MessageEvent, TextMessage, TextSendMessage,
)
# get channel_secret and channel_access_token from your environment variable
channel_secret = os.getenv('LINE_CHANNEL_SECRET', None)
channel_access_token = os.getenv('LINE_CHANNEL_ACCESS_TOKEN', None)
if channel_secret is None:
print('Specify LINE_CHANNEL_SECRET as environment variable.')
sys.exit(1)
if channel_access_token is None:
print('Specify LINE_CHANNEL_ACCESS_TOKEN as environment variable.')
sys.exit(1)
class Handler:
def __init__(self, line_bot_api, parser):
self.line_bot_api = line_bot_api
self.parser = parser
async def echo(self, request):
signature = request.headers['X-Line-Signature']
body = await request.text()
try:
events = self.parser.parse(body, signature)
except InvalidSignatureError:
return web.Response(status=400, text='Invalid signature')
for event in events:
if not isinstance(event, MessageEvent):
continue
if not isinstance(event.message, TextMessage):
continue
await self.line_bot_api.reply_message(
event.reply_token,
TextSendMessage(text=event.message.text)
)
return web.Response(text="OK\n")
async def main(port=8000):
session = aiohttp.ClientSession()
async_http_client = AiohttpAsyncHttpClient(session)
line_bot_api = AsyncLineBotApi(channel_access_token, async_http_client)
parser = WebhookParser(channel_secret)
handler = Handler(line_bot_api, parser)
app = web.Application()
app.add_routes([web.post('/callback', handler.echo)])
runner = web.AppRunner(app)
await runner.setup()
site = TCPSite(runner=runner, port=port)
await site.start()
while True:
await asyncio.sleep(3600) # sleep forever
if __name__ == "__main__":
logging.basicConfig(format='%(levelname)s:%(message)s', level=logging.INFO)
arg_parser = ArgumentParser(
usage='Usage: python ' + __file__ + ' [--port <port>] [--help]'
)
arg_parser.add_argument('-p', '--port', type=int, default=8000, help='port')
options = arg_parser.parse_args()
asyncio.run(main(options.port))Examples
simple-server-echo
Sample echo-bot using wsgiref.simple_server
flask-echo
Sample echo-bot using Flask
flask-kitchensink
Sample bot using Flask
API documentation
$ cd docs $ make html $ open build/html/index.html
OR
Help and media
FAQ: https://developers.line.biz/en/faq/
Community Q&A: https://www.line-community.me/questions
News: https://developers.line.biz/en/news/
Twitter: @LINE_DEV
Versioning
This project respects semantic versioning
Contributing
Please check CONTRIBUTING before making a contribution.
For SDK developers
First install for development.
$ pip install -r requirements-dev.txt
Run tests
Test by using tox. We test against the following versions.
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
To run all tests and to run flake8 against all versions, use:
tox
To run all tests against version 3.6, use:
$ tox -e py3.6
To run a test against version 3.6 and against a specific file, use:
$ tox -e py3.6 -- tests/test_webhook.py
License
Copyright (C) 2016 LINE Corp. Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
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