NoAttr

When accessing an object with chained attributes,

info = obj.a.b.c.d or 'Unknown'

naïvely this will fail as soon as one of the intermediate attributes returns None:

>>> obj.a
None

>>> obj.a.b.c.
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'b'

NoAttr gives you a way around this in cases where a series of None checks would be too much effort and result in complex code. Instead of returning None, you want to return an instance of NoAttr, which will caused hierarchical attribute accesses to keep returning NoAttr until the end of the chain

>>> from noattr import NoAttr
>>> obj = NoAttr

>>> obj.a
NoAttr

>>> obj.a.b.c.d
NoAttr

NoAttr behaves as a “falsy” value, meaning that it can stand for None, False, 0, '', [] or {}, depending on context. Here are some examples:

>>> obj.a
NoAttr

>>> obj.a.b.c.d or 'Unknown'  # behaves like a falsy value
'Unknown'

>>> for i in obj.a.b.c.d:  # behaves like an enumerable that does not yield a value
...     print(i)
(no output)

>>> len(obj.a.b.c.d)  # behaves like an empty collection
0

>>> obj.a.b.c.d + 1  # behaves like a 0
1

>>> obj.a.b.c.d.anyfunc()  # behaves like a callable
NoAttr

However, for ljust(), rjust(), rfind(), find(), rindex(), index(), and count(), NoAttr is seen as a single whitespace character (' ') to preserve the expected behavior of these methods:

>>> obj.a.b.c.d.ljust(3)
'   '