pydantic-geojson 🌍

A type-safe, Pydantic-based library for validating and working with GeoJSON data according to RFC 7946 specification.

Supported GeoJSON Objects

Installation

pydantic-geojson is compatible with Python 3.9 and up.

The recommended way to install is via poetry:

poetry add pydantic_geojson

Using pip to install is also possible:

pip install pydantic_geojson

Quick Start

from pydantic_geojson import PointModel

# Create a point
point = PointModel(
    type="Point",
    coordinates=[-105.01621, 39.57422]
)

print(point)
# type='Point' coordinates=Coordinates(lon=-105.01621, lat=39.57422)

GeoJSON Types with Visualizations

Type	Visualization	Usage
Point A single geographic coordinate		from pydantic_geojson import PointModel data = { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [-105.01621, 39.57422] } point = PointModel(**data)
MultiPoint Multiple points		from pydantic_geojson import MultiPointModel data = { "type": "MultiPoint", "coordinates": [ [-105.01621, 39.57422], [-80.666513, 35.053994] ] } multi_point = MultiPointModel(**data)
LineString A sequence of connected points forming a line		from pydantic_geojson import LineStringModel data = { "type": "LineString", "coordinates": [ [-99.113159, 38.869651], [-99.0802, 38.85682], [-98.822021, 38.85682], [-98.448486, 38.848264] ] } line_string = LineStringModel(**data)
MultiLineString Multiple line strings		from pydantic_geojson import MultiLineStringModel data = { "type": "MultiLineString", "coordinates": [ [[-105.019898, 39.574997], [-105.019598, 39.574898], [-105.019061, 39.574782]], [[-105.017173, 39.574402], [-105.01698, 39.574385], [-105.016636, 39.574385]] ] } multi_line_string = MultiLineStringModel(**data)
Polygon A closed area, optionally with holes		from pydantic_geojson import PolygonModel data = { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [[100, 0], [101, 0], [101, 1], [100, 1], [100, 0]] ] } polygon = PolygonModel(**data)
MultiPolygon Multiple polygons		from pydantic_geojson import MultiPolygonModel data = { "type": "MultiPolygon", "coordinates": [ [[[107, 7], [108, 7], [108, 8], [107, 8], [107, 7]]], [[[100, 0], [101, 0], [101, 1], [100, 1], [100, 0]]] ] } multi_polygon = MultiPolygonModel(**data)
GeometryCollection Collection of different geometry types		from pydantic_geojson import GeometryCollectionModel data = { "type": "GeometryCollection", "geometries": [ { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [-80.660805, 35.049392] }, { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-80.664582, 35.044965], [-80.663874, 35.04428], [-80.662586, 35.04558], [-80.663444, 35.046036], [-80.664582, 35.044965]]] }, { "type": "LineString", "coordinates": [[-80.662372, 35.059509], [-80.662693, 35.059263], [-80.662844, 35.05893]] } ] } geometry_collection = GeometryCollectionModel(**data)

Features and FeatureCollections

Feature

A geometry with properties.

from pydantic_geojson import FeatureModel

data = {
    "type": "Feature",
    "properties": {
        "name": "Dinagat Islands",
        "population": 10000
    },
    "geometry": {
        "type": "Polygon",
        "coordinates": [
            [
                [-80.724878, 35.265454],
                [-80.722646, 35.260338],
                [-80.720329, 35.260618],
                [-80.71681, 35.255361],
                [-80.704793, 35.268397],
                [-80.724878, 35.265454]
            ]
        ]
    }
}

feature = FeatureModel(**data)

FeatureCollection

A collection of features.

from pydantic_geojson import FeatureCollectionModel

data = {
    "type": "FeatureCollection",
    "features": [
        {
            "type": "Feature",
            "geometry": {
                "type": "Point",
                "coordinates": [-80.870885, 35.215151]
            },
            "properties": {
                "name": "Location 1"
            }
        },
        {
            "type": "Feature",
            "geometry": {
                "type": "Polygon",
                "coordinates": [
                    [
                        [-80.724878, 35.265454],
                        [-80.722646, 35.260338],
                        [-80.720329, 35.260618],
                        [-80.704793, 35.268397],
                        [-80.724878, 35.265454]
                    ]
                ]
            },
            "properties": {
                "name": "Location 2"
            }
        }
    ]
}

feature_collection = FeatureCollectionModel(**data)

Custom Properties Models

You can define typed properties models for type-safe feature properties:

from pydantic import BaseModel
from pydantic_geojson import FeatureModel


class CityProperties(BaseModel):
    name: str
    population: int
    country: str


class CityFeature(FeatureModel):
    properties: CityProperties


data = {
    "type": "Feature",
    "properties": {
        "name": "New York",
        "population": 8336817,
        "country": "USA"
    },
    "geometry": {
        "type": "Point",
        "coordinates": [-74.006, 40.7128]
    }
}

city = CityFeature(**data)
print(city.properties.name)  # "New York"
print(city.properties.population)  # 8336817

Validation

pydantic-geojson automatically validates:

• Coordinate ranges: Longitude must be between -180 and 180, latitude between -90 and 90
• Geometry types: Ensures correct type strings according to RFC 7946
• Structure: Validates GeoJSON object structure and required fields
• Type safety: Full type checking with Pydantic

Example: Invalid Coordinates

from pydantic_geojson import PointModel
from pydantic import ValidationError

try:
    point = PointModel(
        type="Point",
        coordinates=[200, 50]  # Invalid longitude (> 180)
    )
except ValidationError as e:
    print(e)
    # 1 validation error for PointModel
    # coordinates.0
    #   Input should be less than or equal to 180 [type=less_than_equal, input_value=200, input_type=int]

FastAPI Integration

pydantic-geojson works seamlessly with FastAPI for automatic API documentation and OpenAPI schema generation. FastAPI automatically generates interactive API documentation (Swagger UI) with proper GeoJSON schemas.

Basic Example

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic_geojson import FeatureCollectionModel, FeatureModel

app = FastAPI()


@app.post("/features", response_model=FeatureModel)
async def create_feature(feature: FeatureModel):
    """Create a new GeoJSON feature."""
    # Your business logic here
    return feature


@app.get("/features", response_model=FeatureCollectionModel)
async def get_features():
    """Get all features as a FeatureCollection."""
    return FeatureCollectionModel(
        type="FeatureCollection",
        features=[
            FeatureModel(
                type="Feature",
                geometry={
                    "type": "Point",
                    "coordinates": [-105.01621, 39.57422]
                }
            )
        ]
    )

Working with Different Geometry Types

You can use any GeoJSON geometry type in your FastAPI endpoints:

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic_geojson import (
    PointModel,
    PolygonModel,
    LineStringModel,
    FeatureModel,
    FeatureCollectionModel
)

app = FastAPI()


@app.post("/points", response_model=PointModel)
async def create_point(point: PointModel):
    """Create a Point geometry."""
    return point


@app.post("/polygons", response_model=PolygonModel)
async def create_polygon(polygon: PolygonModel):
    """Create a Polygon geometry."""
    return polygon


@app.post("/linestrings", response_model=LineStringModel)
async def create_linestring(linestring: LineStringModel):
    """Create a LineString geometry."""
    return linestring

Custom Properties with FastAPI

Define typed properties models for type-safe feature properties in your API:

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel
from pydantic_geojson import FeatureModel, FeatureCollectionModel

app = FastAPI()


class CityProperties(BaseModel):
    name: str
    population: int
    country: str
    area_km2: float


class CityFeature(FeatureModel):
    properties: CityProperties


@app.post("/cities", response_model=CityFeature)
async def create_city(city: CityFeature):
    """Create a city feature with typed properties."""
    # Access typed properties
    print(f"City: {city.properties.name}")
    print(f"Population: {city.properties.population}")
    return city


@app.get("/cities", response_model=FeatureCollectionModel)
async def get_cities():
    """Get all cities as a FeatureCollection."""
    return FeatureCollectionModel(
        type="FeatureCollection",
        features=[
            CityFeature(
                type="Feature",
                properties=CityProperties(
                    name="New York",
                    population=8336817,
                    country="USA",
                    area_km2=783.8
                ),
                geometry={
                    "type": "Point",
                    "coordinates": [-74.006, 40.7128]
                }
            )
        ]
    )

OpenAPI Schema Generation

FastAPI automatically generates OpenAPI schemas for all pydantic-geojson models. The generated schemas include:

• Proper GeoJSON structure - All geometry types, Features, and FeatureCollections
• Coordinate validation - Longitude (-180 to 180) and latitude (-90 to 90) constraints
• Type definitions - Complete type information for all fields
• Example values - Sample data in the documentation

Access the interactive API documentation at:

• Swagger UI: http://localhost:8000/docs
• ReDoc: http://localhost:8000/redoc
• OpenAPI JSON: http://localhost:8000/openapi.json

Example API with Full CRUD Operations

from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException
from pydantic_geojson import FeatureModel, FeatureCollectionModel
from typing import List

app = FastAPI()

# In-memory storage (use a database in production)
features_db: List[FeatureModel] = []


@app.post("/features", response_model=FeatureModel, status_code=201)
async def create_feature(feature: FeatureModel):
    """Create a new GeoJSON feature."""
    features_db.append(feature)
    return feature


@app.get("/features", response_model=FeatureCollectionModel)
async def list_features():
    """List all features as a FeatureCollection."""
    return FeatureCollectionModel(
        type="FeatureCollection",
        features=features_db
    )


@app.get("/features/{feature_id}", response_model=FeatureModel)
async def get_feature(feature_id: int):
    """Get a specific feature by ID."""
    if feature_id >= len(features_db):
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Feature not found")
    return features_db[feature_id]


@app.put("/features/{feature_id}", response_model=FeatureModel)
async def update_feature(feature_id: int, feature: FeatureModel):
    """Update a specific feature."""
    if feature_id >= len(features_db):
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Feature not found")
    features_db[feature_id] = feature
    return feature


@app.delete("/features/{feature_id}", status_code=204)
async def delete_feature(feature_id: int):
    """Delete a specific feature."""
    if feature_id >= len(features_db):
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Feature not found")
    features_db.pop(feature_id)

Compatibility with Other Libraries

pydantic-geojson is designed to work well with popular Python geospatial libraries:

Pydantic

Built on Pydantic, so you get all the benefits:

• Type validation
• JSON serialization/deserialization
• Model configuration
• Field validation

FastAPI

Perfect integration for building GeoJSON APIs with automatic OpenAPI documentation.

GeoPandas

You can convert between pydantic-geojson and GeoPandas:

import geopandas as gpd
from pydantic_geojson import FeatureCollectionModel

# Convert FeatureCollection to GeoDataFrame
feature_collection = FeatureCollectionModel(...)
geojson_dict = feature_collection.model_dump()
gdf = gpd.GeoDataFrame.from_features(geojson_dict["features"])

# Convert GeoDataFrame to FeatureCollection
features = [
    FeatureModel(**feature)
    for feature in gdf.to_dict("records")
]

Shapely

Convert to/from Shapely geometries:

from shapely.geometry import Point as ShapelyPoint
from pydantic_geojson import PointModel

# Pydantic GeoJSON to Shapely
pydantic_point = PointModel(type="Point", coordinates=[-105.01621, 39.57422])
shapely_point = ShapelyPoint(
    pydantic_point.coordinates.lon,
    pydantic_point.coordinates.lat
)

# Shapely to Pydantic GeoJSON
shapely_geom = ShapelyPoint(-105.01621, 39.57422)
pydantic_point = PointModel(
    type="Point",
    coordinates=[shapely_geom.x, shapely_geom.y]
)

Testing

Run the test suite:

poetry run pytest

Contributing

Contributions are welcome! Please see CONTRIBUTING.md for guidelines.

License

This project is licensed under the MIT License - see the LICENSE file for details.

Links

• GitHub Repository
• PyPI Package
• GeoJSON Specification
• RFC 7946
• Pydantic Documentation