Overview

This is a highly opininated guide on how to setup VScode for Python Development the way I personally like it, with a baseline Python project the way I also like it.

This doesn't mean I am correct, or someone with other preferences is incorrect, but this is what works for me.

Note this only works for pure Python projects. If your project requires C extensions or rust code, you will need to replace the flit builder with one that supports those things.

What is included in this skeleton

1. My vscode setup for Python, including what plugins I use (in .vscode/settings.json)
2. Examples for automated formatting with black and isort.
3. Examples for automated testing with pytest.
4. Examples for automatically testing the documentation examples with pytest.
5. Examples for automated documentation building with mkdocs
6. Examples for automatic linting with pylint
7. Examples for automatic type checking with mypy
8. Examples for automatic testing in multiple environments with tox
9. Examples for Github Actions automation for running your tox test suite.

Software you need

Make sure the following applications are installed on your system globally. How you do this obviously varies depending on if you are using Windows, OSX or Linux.

• Python3
• Git
• Visual Studio Code

Note on Debian/Ubuntu based distributions, you will need to apt-get install python3 python3-pip python3-venv git code.

How to setup

• Copy the contents of this git repo to your new project directory.
• Make a venv with python -m venv .venv.
• Update the LICENSE file with your appropriate license information.
• Replace this README.md file with an appropriate readme file.

You then need to install the development dependancies, and then the package in installable mode.

pip install -r requirements-dev.txt
flit install

My developer workflow

1. Use vscode tools while developing, running tests out of vscode.
2. View the "problems" tab.
3. When ready to commit, I run tox from the command line.
4. If tox returns no errors, I can commit and push.
5. I can then verify github actions produces no errors on that push.

Use the package. It is fully installed and usable

$ python
>>> import python_vscode_template.arithmetic as ar
>>> ar.add_ints(2,3)
5

Format it with the black formatter

$ black .
All done! ✨ 🍰 ✨
6 files left unchanged.

Correct the import order with isort

$ isort .
Skipped 5 files

Run the tests (from the commmand line)

$ pytest
======================================= test session starts ========================================
platform linux -- Python 3.11.4, pytest-7.4.0, pluggy-1.2.0
rootdir: /home/dwg/CODE/Python-VSCode-Template
configfile: pyproject.toml
testpaths: tests
plugins: asyncio-0.21.1, anyio-3.7.1, cov-4.1.0
asyncio: mode=Mode.STRICT
collected 5 items                                                                                  

tests/test_arithmetic.py ....                                                                [ 80%]
tests/test_pokemon.py .                                                                      [100%]

======================================== 5 passed in 0.27s =========================================

Verify the documentation tests (from the command line)

$ pytest --doctest-modules src/
====================================== test session starts ======================================
platform linux -- Python 3.11.4, pytest-7.4.0, pluggy-1.2.0
rootdir: /home/dwg/CODE/Python-VSCode-Template
configfile: pyproject.toml
plugins: asyncio-0.21.1, anyio-3.7.1, cov-4.1.0
asyncio: mode=Mode.STRICT
collected 1 item                                                                                                                      

src/python_vscode_template/arithmetic.py .                                                [100%]                                          
====================================== 1 passed in 0.03s =======================================

Verify the type checking

$ mypy src/
Success: no issues found in 4 source files

Build the documentation and place the results in site/

mkdocs build

Start a documentation mini-webserver, that automatically updates

mkdocs serve

Run tests in multiple python environments

tox

---

From within vscode

You can verify the tests using the testing flask icon on the left.

1. Brings up the testing dialog.
2. Can run or debug individual tests, by selecting them and using the icons.
3. Can rediscover, run all tests or debug all tests.

On github

A small icon will have been added to github by github actions. It will be a ✅ if the tests are passing, a ❌ if they are failing and a 🟤 if the tests are still running.

You can click on it to view the logs and see what tests have passed, or what tests are still running.

Stuff you will need to edit

• tox.ini: Make sure envlist contains the versions of Python you want to test again. This example inclujdes
• requirements-dev.txt: Make sure this includes any developer only dependancies.
• requirements.txt: This should contain dependancies required to run the application or library. If you are making an application, you should pin each package to a specific version. If you are making a library, you should accept the minimum required version to allow users more choice. A library with a pinned version FORCES the user to install that version too, and is likely to clash with other libraries.
• docs/: The entry document is index.md, but you should write the docs as you see fit.
• src/: Update this with your package name.
• tests/: This is where to write your tests. Files must start test_ to be picked up by tests/

Docstrings

See arithmetic.py for example docstrings. These are in Google Docstring Format.

Dist

flit build will put two files in the dist/ directory. A source file and a wheel. Both of these are directly usable by pip to install.

Publishing docs to Github pages

You can do this with mkdocs gh-pages. This will push the documentation in site/ to a github page. You will get the URL to it from the command.

Uploading to pypi

If you have never done this before, you need to make an account at Pypi. Then in Pypi - Manage Accounts, add 2FA and an API token.

Then repeat this for TestPypi and TestPypi - Manage Accounts, add 2FA and a API token.

Then edit .pypirc in your home directory, and make it similar to .pypirc-template in this repo, except with the appropriate real usernames and tokens.

My Global VSCode Settings

• Press CTRL K then CTRL T, and select Dark+ as the theme (or your prefered theme).
• Press CTRL , then make sure Auto Save is set to After Delay.
• In the File menu, make sure Auto Save is ticked.