pyxray 1.1.0

Definitions and properties of X-ray transitions

######
pyxray
######

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*pyxray* is a Python library that defines basic object to specify atomic
subshells and X-ray transitions.
The objects also provide critical information as the energy, existence and
different notations of the X-ray transitions.

*pyxray* supports 3.x (no Python 2.x support).

The library is provided under the MIT license.

*pyxray* was partially developed as part of the doctorate thesis project of
Philippe T. Pinard at RWTH Aachen University (Aachen, Germany) under the
supervision of Dr. Silvia Richter, in collaboration with Hendrix Demers
(McGill University, Canada).

Installation
============

Easiest way to install using ``pip``::

pip install pyxray

For development installation from the git repository::

git clone [e-mail]/openmicroanalysis/pyxray.git
cd pyxray
pip install -e .

See development section below

Methods
=======

All methods below are accessed by importing ``pyxray``:

.. code:: python

import pyxray

Variables of the methods are defined as follows

* ``element``:
either

* `Element <http://github.com/openmicroanalysis/pyxray/blob/master/pyxray/descriptor.py>`_ object
* atomic number
* symbol (case insensitive)
* name (in any language, case insensitive)
* object with attribute ``atomic_number`` or ``z``

* ``atomic_shell``:
either

* `AtomicShell <http://github.com/openmicroanalysis/pyxray/blob/master/pyxray/descriptor.py>`_ object
* principal quantum number
* any notation (case insensitive)

* ``atomic_subshell``:
either

* `AtomicSubshell <http://github.com/openmicroanalysis/pyxray/blob/master/pyxray/descriptor.py>`_ object
* a ``tuple`` of principal quantum number, azimuthal quantum number
and total angular momentum nominator (e.g. ``(1, 0, 1)`` for the atomic
subshell ``1s^{0.5}``
* any notation (case insensitive)

* ``xraytransition``:
either

* `XrayTransition <http://github.com/openmicroanalysis/pyxray/blob/master/pyxray/descriptor.py>`_ object
* a ``tuple`` of source and destination subshells
* any notation (case insensitive)

* ``xraytransitionset``:
either

* `XrayTransitionSet <http://github.com/openmicroanalysis/pyxray/blob/master/pyxray/descriptor.py>`_ object
* a ``tuple`` of transitions
* any notation (case insensitive)

* ``language``:
language code (e.g. ``en``, ``fr``, ``de``)

* ``notation``:
name of a notation (case insensitive),
``iupac``, ``siegbahn`` and ``orbital`` are usually supported

* ``encoding``:
type of encoding, either ``ascii``, ``utf16``, ``html`` or ``latex``

* ``reference``:
reference to use to retrieve this value, either

* `Reference <http://github.com/openmicroanalysis/pyxray/blob/master/pyxray/descriptor.py>`_ object
* BibTeX key of a reference
* ``None``, the default reference will be used or the first reference found

Element properties
------------------

Properties associated with an element, defined as the ground state of an atom
where the number of protons equal the number of electrons.

* ``pyxray.element(element)``
Returns element descriptor.

* ``pyxray.element_atomic_number(element)``
Returns atomic number of an element.

Examples:

.. code:: python

pyxray.element.atomic_number('fe') #=> 26
pyxray.element.atomic_number('Fe') #=> 26
pyxray.element.atomic_number('iron') #=> 26
pyxray.element.atomic_number('eisen') #=> 26

* ``pyxray.element_symbol(element, reference=None)``
Returns symbol of an element.

* ``pyxray.element_name(element, language='en', reference=None)``
Returns full name of an element, in the language specified.

* ``pyxray.element_atomic_weight(element, reference=None)``
Returns atomic weight of an element.
The atomic weight is defined by the CIAAW as it is the ratio of
the average atomic mass of an element over 1/12 of the mass of the
carbon-12 atom.

* ``pyxray.element_mass_density_kg_per_m3(element, reference=None)``
Returns mass density (in kg/m3) of an element.

* ``pyxray.element_mass_density_g_per_cm3(element, reference=None)``
Returns mass density (in g/cm3) of an element.

* ``pyxray.element_xray_transitions(element, reference=None)``
Returns all X-ray transitions which have a probability greater than 0 for an element.

Atomic shell properties
-----------------------

Properties associated with an `atomic shell <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_shell>`_,
defined by its principal quantum number.

* ``pyxray.atomic_shell(atomic_shell)``
Returns atomic shell descriptor.

* ``pyxray.atomic_shell_notation(atomic_shell, notation, encoding='utf16', reference=None)``
Returns notation of an atomic shell.

Atomic subshell properties
--------------------------

Properties associated with an `atomic subshell <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_shell#Subshells>`_,
a subdivision of atomic shells.

* ``pyxray.atomic_subshell(atomic_subshell)``
Returns atomic subshell descriptor.

* ``pyxray.atomic_subshell_notation(atomic_subshell, notation, encoding='utf16', reference=None)``
Returns notation of an atomic subshell.

Examples:

.. code:: python

pyxray.atomic_subshell_notation('L3', 'iupac', 'latex') #=> 'L$_{3}$'
pyxray.atomic_subshell_notation('L3', 'orbital') #-> '2p3/2'

* ``pyxray.atomic_subshell_binding_energy_eV(element, atomic_subshell, reference=None)``
Returns binding energy of an element and atomic subshell (in eV).

* ``pyxray.atomic_subshell_radiative_width_eV(element, atomic_subshell, reference=None)``
Returns radiative width of an element and atomic subshell (in eV).

* ``pyxray.atomic_subshell_nonradiative_width_eV(element, atomic_subshell, reference=None)``
Returns nonradiative width of an element and atomic subshell (in eV).

* ``pyxray.atomic_subshell_occupancy(element, atomic_subshell, reference=None)``
Returns occupancy of an element and atomic subshell.

X-ray transition properties
---------------------

Properties associated with an electron transition, relaxation process of an
electron between quantum states leading to X-rays emission.

* ``pyxray.xray_transition(xraytransition)``
Returns X-ray transition descriptor.

* ``pyxray.xray_transition_notation(xraytransition, notation, encoding='utf16', reference=None)``
Returns notation of an X-ray transition.

Examples:

.. code:: python

pyxray.transition_notation('Ka1', 'iupac') #=> 'K-L3'
pyxray.transition_notation('L3-M1', 'siegbahn', 'ascii') #=> 'Ll'

* ``pyxray.xray_transition_energy_eV(element, xraytransition, reference=None)``
Returns energy of an element and X-ray transition (in eV).

Examples:

.. code:: python

pyxray.xray_transition_energy_eV(14, 'Ka1') #=> 1740.0263764535946
pyxray.xray_transition_energy_eV(14, 'Ma1') #=> NotFound exception

* ``pyxray.xray_transition_probability(element, xraytransition, reference=None)``
Returns probability of an element and X-ray transition.

* ``pyxray.xray_transition_relative_weight(element, xraytransition, reference=None)``
Returns relative weight of an element and X-ray transition.

Transition set properties
-------------------------

Properties associated with an X-ray transition set, an indistinguishable X-ray transition
(e.g. Ka from Ka1/Ka2).

* ``pyxray.xray_transitionset(xraytransitionset)``
Returns X-ray transition set descriptor.

* ``pyxray.xray_transitionset_notation(xraytransitionset, notation, encoding='utf16', reference=None)``
Returns notation of an X-ray transition set.

* ``pyxray.xray_transitionset_energy_eV(element, xraytransitionset, reference=None)``
Returns energy of an element and X-ray transition set (in eV).

* ``pyxray.xray_transitionset_relative_weight(element, xraytransitionset, reference=None)``
Returns relative weight of an element and X-ray transition set.

Development
===========

*pyxray* stores all data for the above functions in a *SQLite* database.
The database is constructed during the build process of the Python package
(i.e. ``python setup.py build``) using registered parsers.
The provided parsers are located in the package ``pyxray.parser``, but external
parsers can be provided by registering to the entry point ``pyxray.parser``.
In short, the database is not provide in the source code, only in the
distributed version.
It is therefore necessary to build the *SQLite* database when running *pyxray*
in development mode.
Building the database will take several minutes.