tonic-validate 3.2.0

RAG evaluation metrics.

Tonic Validate Evaluation Framework

Tonic Validate is a framework for the evaluation of LLM outputs, such as Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) pipelines. Validate makes it easy to evaluate, track, and monitor your LLM and RAG applications. Install via pip and quickly embed Validate into your existing code. More detailed documentation is available here. But the below quickstart guide is likely all you need to get started.

Quickstart

1. Install Tonic Validate

   pip install tonic-validate
   

2. Use the following code snippet to get started.

   from tonic_validate import ValidateScorer, Benchmark
   import os
   
   os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"] = "your-openai-key"
   
   # Function to simulate getting a response and context from your LLM
   # Replace this with your actual function call
   def get_llm_response(question):
       return {
           "llm_answer": "Paris",
           "llm_context_list": ["Paris is the capital of France."]
       }
   
   benchmark = Benchmark(questions=["What is the capital of France?"], answers=["Paris"])
   # Score the responses for each question and answer pair
   scorer = ValidateScorer()
   run = scorer.score(benchmark, get_llm_response)
   

This code snippet, creates a benchmark with one question and reference answer and then scores the answer. Providing a reference answer is not required for most metrics (see below Metrics table).

Tonic Validate Metrics

Metrics are used to score your LLM's performance. Validate ships with 6 metrics which are applicable to most RAG systems. You can create your own metrics as well by providing your own implementation of metric.py. To compute a metric, you must provide it data from your RAG application. The table below describes the available default metrics.

Metric Name	Inputs	Score Range	What does it measure?
Answer similarity score	Question Reference answer LLM answer	0 to 5	How well the reference answer matches the LLM answer.
Retrieval precision	Question Retrieved Context	0 to 1	Whether the context retrieved is relevant to answer the given question.
Augmentation precision	Question Retrieved Context LLM answer	0 to 1	Whether the relevant context is in the LLM answer.
Augmentation accuracy	Retrieved Context LLM answer	0 to 1	Whether all the context is in the LLM answer.
Answer consistency	Retrieved Context LLM answer	0 to 1	Whether there is information in the LLM answer that does not come from the context.
Answer consistency binary	Retrieved Context LLM answer	0 to 1	Whether there is information in the LLM answer that does not come from the context.

Note: More details on these metrics can be found in our documentation.

Metric Inputs

Metric inputs in Tonic Validate are used to provide the metrics with the information they need to calculate performance. Below, we explain each input type and how to pass them into Tonic Validate's SDK.

Question

What is it: The question asked
How to use: You can provide the questions by passing them into the Benchmark via the questions argument.

from tonic_validate import Benchmark
benchmark = Benchmark(
    questions=["What is the capital of France?", "What is the capital of Germany?"]
)

Reference Answer

What is it: A prewritten answer that serves as the ground truth for how the RAG application should answer the question.
How to use: You can provide the reference answers by passing it into the Benchmark via the answers argument. Each reference answer must correspond to a given question. So if the reference answer is for the third question in the questions list, then the reference answer must also be the third item in the answers list. The only metric that requires a reference answer is the Answer Similarity Score

from tonic_validate import Benchmark
benchmark = Benchmark(
    questions=["What is the capital of France?", "What is the capital of Germany?"]
    answers=["Paris", "Berlin"]
)

LLM Answer

What is it: The answer the RAG application / LLM gives to the question.
How to use: You can provide the LLM answer via the callback you provide to the Validate scorer. The answer is the first item in the tuple response.

# Function to simulate getting a response and context from your LLM
# Replace this with your actual function call
def get_rag_response(question):
    return {
        "llm_answer": "Paris",
        "llm_context_list": ["Paris is the capital of France."]
    }

# Score the responses
scorer = ValidateScorer()
run = scorer.score(benchmark, ask_rag)

If you are manually logging the answers without using the callback, then you can provide the LLM answer via llm_answer when creating the LLMResponse.

from tonic_validate import LLMResponse
# Save the responses into an array for scoring
responses = []
for item in benchmark:
    # llm_answer is the answer that LLM gives
    llm_response = LLMResponse(
        llm_answer="Paris",
        benchmark_item=item
    )
    responses.append(llm_response)

# Score the responses
scorer = ValidateScorer()
run = scorer.score_responses(responses)

Retrieved Context

What is it: The context that your RAG application retrieves when answering a given question. This context is what's put in the prompt by the RAG application to help the LLM answer the question.
How to use: You can provide the LLM's retrieved context list via the callback you provide to the Validate scorer. The answer is the second item in the tuple response. The retrieved context is always a list

# Function to simulate getting a response and context from your LLM
# Replace this with your actual function call
def get_rag_response(question):
    return {
        "llm_answer": "Paris",
        "llm_context_list": ["Paris is the capital of France."]
    }

# Score the responses
scorer = ValidateScorer()
run = scorer.score(benchmark, ask_rag)

If you are manually logging the answers, then you can provide the LLM context via llm_context_list when creating the LLMResponse.

from tonic_validate import LLMResponse
# Save the responses into an array for scoring
responses = []
for item in benchmark:
    # llm_answer is the answer that LLM gives
    # llm_context_list is a list of the context that the LLM used to answer the question
    llm_response = LLMResponse(
        llm_answer="Paris",
        llm_context_list=["Paris is the capital of France."],
        benchmark_item=item
    )
    responses.append(llm_response)

# Score the responses
scorer = ValidateScorer()
run = scorer.score_responses(responses)

Scoring With Metrics

Most metrics are scored with the assistance of a LLM. Validate supports OpenAI and Azure OpenAI but other LLMs can easily be integrated (just file an github issue against this repository).

Important: Setting up OpenAI Key for Scoring

In order to use OpenAI you must provide an OpenAI API Key.

import os
os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"] = "put-your-openai-api-key-here"

If you already have the OPENAI_API_KEY set in your system's environment variables then you can skip this step. Otherwise, please set the environment variable before proceeding.

Using Azure

If you are using Azure, instead of setting the OPENAI_API_KEY environment variable, you instead need to set AZURE_OPENAI_KEY and AZURE_OPENAI_ENDPOINT. AZURE_OPENAI_ENDPOINT is the endpoint url for your Azure OpenAI deployment and AZURE_OPENAI_KEY is your API key.

import os
os.environ["AZURE_OPENAI_KEY"] = "put-your-azure-openai-api-key-here"
os.environ["AZURE_OPENAI_ENDPOINT"] = "put-your-azure-endpoint-here"

Setting up the Tonic Validate Scorer

To use metrics, instantiate an instance of ValidateScorer.

from tonic_validate import ValidateScorer
scorer = ValidateScorer()

The default model used for scoring metrics is GPT 4 Turbo. To change the OpenAI model, pass the OpenAI model name into the model_evaluator argument for ValidateScorer. You can also pass in custom metrics via an array of metrics.

from tonic_validate import ValidateScorer
from tonic_validate.metrics import AnswerConsistencyMetric, AnswerSimilarityMetric

scorer = ValidateScorer([
    AnswerConsistencyMetric(),
    AugmentationAccuracyMetric()
], model_evaluator="gpt-3.5-turbo")

If an error occurs while scoring an item's metric, the score for that metric will be set to None. If you instead wish to have Tonic Validate throw an exception when there's an error scoring, then set fail_on_error to True in the constructor

scorer = ValidateScorer(fail_on_error=True)

Important: Using the scorer on Azure

If you are using Azure, you MUST set the model_evaluator argument to your deployment name like so

scorer = ValidateScorer(model_evaluator="your-deployment-name")

Running the Scorer

After you instantiate the ValidateScorer with your desired metrics, you can then score the metrics using the callback you defined earlier.

from tonic_validate import ValidateScorer, ValidateApi

# Function to simulate getting a response and context from your LLM
# Replace this with your actual function call
def get_rag_response(question):
    return {
        "llm_answer": "Paris",
        "llm_context_list": ["Paris is the capital of France."]
    }

# Score the responses
scorer = ValidateScorer()
run = scorer.score(benchmark, ask_rag)

Running the Scorer with manual logging

If you don't want to use the callback, you can instead log your answers manually by iterating over the benchmark and then score the answers.

from tonic_validate import ValidateScorer, LLMResponse

# Function to simulate getting a response and context from your LLM
# Replace this with your actual function call
def get_rag_response(question):
    return {
        "llm_answer": "Paris",
        "llm_context_list": ["Paris is the capital of France."]
    }

# Save the responses into an array for scoring
responses = []
for item in benchmark:
    rag_response = get_rag_response(item.question)
    llm_response = LLMResponse(
        llm_answer=rag_response["llm_answer"],
        llm_context_list=rag_response["llm_context_list"],
        benchmark_item=item
    )
    responses.append(llm_response)

# Score the responses
scorer = ValidateScorer()
run = scorer.score_responses(responses)

Viewing the Results

There are two ways to view the results of a run.

Option 1: Print Out the Results

You can manually print out the results via python like so

print("Overall Scores")
print(run.overall_scores)
print("------")
for item in run.run_data:
    print("Question: ", item.reference_question)
    print("Answer: ", item.reference_answer)
    print("LLM Answer: ", item.llm_answer)
    print("LLM Context: ", item.llm_context)
    print("Scores: ", item.scores)
    print("------")

which outputs the following

Overall Scores
{'answer_consistency': 1.0, 'augmentation_accuracy': 1.0}
------
Question:  What is the capital of France?
Answer:  Paris
LLM Answer:  Paris
LLM Context:  ['Paris is the capital of France.']
Scores:  {'answer_consistency': 1.0, 'augmentation_accuracy': 1.0}
------
Question:  What is the capital of Spain?
Answer:  Madrid
LLM Answer:  Paris
LLM Context:  ['Paris is the capital of France.']
Scores:  {'answer_consistency': 1.0, 'augmentation_accuracy': 1.0}
------

Use the Tonic Validate UI (Recommended, Free to Use)

You can easily view your run results by uploading them to our free to use UI. The main advantage of this method is the Tonic Validate UI provides graphing for your results along with additional visualization features. To sign up for the UI, go to here.

Once you sign up for the UI, you will go through an onboarding to create an API Key and Project.

Copy both the API Key and Project ID from the onboarding and insert it into the following code

from tonic_validate import ValidateApi
validate_api = ValidateApi("your-api-key")
validate_api.upload_run("your-project-id", run)

This will upload your run to the Tonic Validate UI where you can view the results. On the home page (as seen below) you can view the change in scores across runs over time.

You can also view the results of an individual run in the UI as well.

Telemetry

Tonic Validate collects minimal telemetry to help us figure out what users want and how they're using the product. We do not use any existing telemetry framework and instead created our own privacy focused setup. Only the following information is tracked

• What metrics were used for a run
• Number of questions in a run
• Number of questions in a benchmark

We do NOT track things such as the contents of the questions / answers, your scores, or any other sensitive information. For detecting CI/CD, we only check for common environment variables in different CI/CD environments. We do not log the values of these environment variables.

We also generate a random UUID to help us figure out how many users are using the product. This UUID is linked to your Validate account only to help track who is using the SDK and UI at once and to get user counts. If you want to see how we implemented telemetry, you can do so in the tonic_validate/utils/telemetry.py file

If you wish to opt out of telemetry, you only need to set the TONIC_VALIDATE_DO_NOT_TRACK environment variable to True.

FAQ

What models can I use an LLM evaluator?

We currently allow the family of chat completion models from Open AI.

This restriction makes it easy to follow the logic for the definition of the metrics in this package. It also ensures that this package does not depend on langchain, which also makes the logic of the package easier to follow.

We'd like to add more models as choices for the LLM evaluator without adding to the complexity of the package too much.

The default model used for scoring metrics is GPT 4 Turbo. To change the OpenAI model, pass the OpenAI model name into the model argument for ValidateScorer

scorer = ValidateScorer([
    AnswerConsistencyMetric(),
    AugmentationAccuracyMetric()
], model_evaluator="gpt-3.5-turbo")