z4

z3 with some improvements:

• BitVec:

  • Change the right shift operation to be logical instead of arithmetic

• Add the ByteVec class

• Add some helper methods for solving:

  • easy_solve
  • find_all_solutions
  • easy_prove

• Add some helper methods for optimizing:

  • maximize
  • minimize

• Add some helper functions for z3 variables/constants:

  • BoolToInt
  • Sgn
  • TruncDiv

Features implemented upstream

These features were first provided by z4, before z3 included these features. They have now been removed from z4.

• BoolRef:

  • Support * for two BoolRef's 8efaaaf, ec74a87
  • Support + f90b10a, a9513c1
  • Support &, | and ~ f90b10a
  • Support ^ 764f0d5

• Helper functions:

  • Abs cf08cdf

Usage

Install with pip install z4-solver.

easy_solve

import z4

a, b = z4.Ints("a b")
print(z4.easy_solve([a <= 10, b <= 10, a + b == 15]))

Output:

[b = 5, a = 10]

find_all_solutions

import z4

a, b = z4.Ints("a b")
print(*z4.find_all_solutions([a <= 10, b <= 10, a + b == 15]), sep="\n")

Output:

[b = 5, a = 10]
[b = 6, a = 9]
[b = 7, a = 8]
[b = 8, a = 7]
[b = 9, a = 6]
[b = 10, a = 5]

easy_prove

Let's try and prove that 2 * a >= a for all integers a:

import z4

a = z4.Int("a")
print(z4.easy_prove(2 * a >= a))

Output

Traceback (most recent call last):
  ...
z4.Z3CounterExample: [a = -1]

This isn't true so we get an exception with the counter-example a = -1. Of course 2 * -1 = -2 which is less than -1.

Let's try again with the assumption that a must be non-negative:

print(z4.easy_prove(z4.Implies(a >= 0, 2 * a >= a)))

Output:

True