Skip to main content

Werkzeug

werkzeug German noun: “tool”. Etymology: werk (“work”), zeug (“stuff”)

Werkzeug is a comprehensive WSGI web application library. It began as a simple collection of various utilities for WSGI applications and has become one of the most advanced WSGI utility libraries.

It includes:

  • An interactive debugger that allows inspecting stack traces and source code in the browser with an interactive interpreter for any frame in the stack.

  • A full-featured request object with objects to interact with headers, query args, form data, files, and cookies.

  • A response object that can wrap other WSGI applications and handle streaming data.

  • A routing system for matching URLs to endpoints and generating URLs for endpoints, with an extensible system for capturing variables from URLs.

  • HTTP utilities to handle entity tags, cache control, dates, user agents, cookies, files, and more.

  • A threaded WSGI server for use while developing applications locally.

  • A test client for simulating HTTP requests during testing without requiring running a server.

Werkzeug doesn’t enforce any dependencies. It is up to the developer to choose a template engine, database adapter, and even how to handle requests. It can be used to build all sorts of end user applications such as blogs, wikis, or bulletin boards.

Flask wraps Werkzeug, using it to handle the details of WSGI while providing more structure and patterns for defining powerful applications.

Installing

Install and update using pip:

pip install -U Werkzeug

A Simple Example

from werkzeug.wrappers import Request, Response

@Request.application
def application(request):
    return Response('Hello, World!')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    from werkzeug.serving import run_simple
    run_simple('localhost', 4000, application)

Donate

The Pallets organization develops and supports Werkzeug and other popular packages. In order to grow the community of contributors and users, and allow the maintainers to devote more time to the projects, please donate today.

Release files for Werkzeug 2.0.2

For a detailed explanation of source distributions (sdists) and built distributions (wheels), please see the package formats documentation.

Source distribution (sdist)

Source distribution for Werkzeug 2.0.2
File Size Uploaded
Werkzeug-2.0.2.tar.gz 895.1 kB Details

Built distribution (wheel)

Table of built distributions (wheels) for Werkzeug 2.0.2
File Interpreter ABI Platform
Werkzeug-2.0.2-py3-none-any.whl Python 3 none any Details

Total release size: 1.2 MB

Release files / Werkzeug-2.0.2.tar.gz

Download URL Werkzeug-2.0.2.tar.gz
Size 895.1 kB
Tags Source
SHA-256 checksum
How to use checksums
aa2bb6fc8dee8d6c504c0ac1e7f5f7dc5810a9903e793b6f715a9f015bdadb9a
BLAKE2b-256 checksum
How to use checksums
833cecdb36f49ab06defb0d5a466cfeb4ae90a55d02cfef379f781da2801a45d
Upload date
Uploaded using Trusted Publishing?
What is trusted publishing?
No
Uploaded via twine/3.4.2 importlib_metadata/4.8.1 pkginfo/1.7.1 requests/2.26.0 requests-toolbelt/0.9.1 tqdm/4.62.3 CPython/3.9.7

Release files / Werkzeug-2.0.2-py3-none-any.whl

Download URL Werkzeug-2.0.2-py3-none-any.whl
Size 288.9 kB
Tags Python 3
SHA-256 checksum
How to use checksums
63d3dc1cf60e7b7e35e97fa9861f7397283b75d765afcaefd993d6046899de8f
BLAKE2b-256 checksum
How to use checksums
1e7351137805d1b8d97367a8a77cae4a792af14bb7ce58fbd071af294c740cf0
Upload date
Uploaded using Trusted Publishing?
What is trusted publishing?
No
Uploaded via twine/3.4.2 importlib_metadata/4.8.1 pkginfo/1.7.1 requests/2.26.0 requests-toolbelt/0.9.1 tqdm/4.62.3 CPython/3.9.7

Release history Release notifications | RSS feed

3.1.8

2 release files

3.1.7

2 release files

3.1.6

2 release files

3.1.5

2 release files

3.1.4

2 release files

3.1.3

2 release files

3.1.2

2 release files

3.1.1

2 release files

3.1.0

2 release files

3.0.6

2 release files

3.0.5

2 release files

3.0.4

2 release files

3.0.3

2 release files

3.0.2

2 release files

3.0.1

2 release files

3.0.0

2 release files

2.3.8

2 release files

2.3.7

2 release files

2.3.6

2 release files

2.3.5

2 release files

2.3.4

2 release files

2.3.3

2 release files

2.3.2

2 release files

2.3.1

2 release files

2.3.0

2 release files

2.2.3

2 release files

2.2.2

2 release files

2.2.1

2 release files

2.2.0

2 release files

2.1.2

2 release files

2.1.1

2 release files

2.1.0

2 release files

2.0.3

2 release files

This release

2.0.2 This release

2 release files

2.0.1

2 release files

2.0.0

2 release files

1.0.1

2 release files

1.0.0

2 release files

0.16.1

2 release files

0.16.0

2 release files

0.15.5

2 release files

0.15.4

2 release files

0.15.3

2 release files

0.15.1

2 release files

0.15.0

2 release files

0.14.1

2 release files

0.14

2 release files

0.13

2 release files

0.12.2

2 release files

0.12.1

2 release files

0.12

2 release files

0.11.9

2 release files

0.11.8

2 release files

0.11.7

2 release files

0.11.6

2 release files

0.11.5

2 release files

0.11.4

2 release files

0.11.3

2 release files

0.11.2

2 release files

0.11.1

2 release files

0.11

2 release files

0.10.4

2 release files

0.10.3

0.10.2

2 release files

0.10.1

1 release file

0.10

1 release file

0.9.6

1 release file

0.9.5

1 release file

0.9.4

1 release file

0.9.3

1 release file

0.9.2

1 release file

0.9.1

1 release file

0.9

1 release file

0.8.3

1 release file

0.8.2

1 release file

0.8.1

1 release file

0.8

1 release file

0.7.2

1 release file

0.7.1

1 release file

0.7

1 release file

0.6.2

1 release file

0.6.1

1 release file

0.6

1 release file

0.5.1

1 release file

0.5

1 release file

0.4.1

1 release file

0.4

1 release file

0.3.1

4 release files

0.3

4 release files

0.2

3 release files

0.1

3 release files

Anthropic, PBC Visionary sponsor Bloomberg Visionary sponsor Hudson River Trading Visionary sponsor Meta Visionary sponsor NVIDIA Visionary sponsor Microsoft Sustainability sponsor Depot Continuous Integration AWS Cloud computing and Security Sponsor Datadog Monitoring Fastly CDN Google Download Analytics Sentry Error logging StatusPage Status page