academic-refchecker 2.0.21

A comprehensive tool for validating reference accuracy in academic papers

RefChecker

Validate reference accuracy in academic papers. Useful for authors checking bibliographies and reviewers ensuring citations are authentic. RefChecker verifies citations against Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, and CrossRef.

Built by Mark Russinovich with AI assistants (Cursor, GitHub Copilot, Claude Code). Watch the deep dive video.

Contents

• Quick Start
• Features
• Sample Output
• Install
• Run
• Output
• Configure
• Local Database
• Testing
• License

Quick Start

Web UI (Docker)

docker run -p 8000:8000 ghcr.io/markrussinovich/refchecker:latest

Open http://localhost:8000 in your browser.

Web UI (pip)

pip install academic-refchecker[llm,webui]
refchecker-webui

CLI (pip)

pip install academic-refchecker[llm]
academic-refchecker --paper 1706.03762
academic-refchecker --paper /path/to/paper.pdf

Performance: Set SEMANTIC_SCHOLAR_API_KEY for 1-2s per reference vs 5-10s without.

Features

• Multiple formats: ArXiv papers, PDFs, LaTeX, text files
• LLM-powered extraction: OpenAI, Anthropic, Google, Azure, vLLM
• Multi-source verification: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, CrossRef
• Comprehensive checks: Titles, authors, years, venues, DOIs, ArXiv IDs
• Smart matching: Handles formatting variations (BERT vs B-ERT, pre-trained vs pretrained)
• Detailed reports: Errors, warnings, corrected references
• Bulk web checks: Upload multiple files or a ZIP in the Web UI to validate many papers at once

Sample Output

Web UI

CLI

📄 Processing: Attention Is All You Need
   URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.03762

[1/45] Neural machine translation in linear time
       Nal Kalchbrenner et al. | 2017
       ⚠️  Warning: Year mismatch: cited '2017', actual '2016'

[2/45] Effective approaches to attention-based neural machine translation
       Minh-Thang Luong et al. | 2015
       ❌ Error: First author mismatch: cited 'Minh-Thang Luong', actual 'Thang Luong'

[3/45] Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition
       Kaiming He et al. | 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2016.91
       ❌ Error: DOI mismatch: cited '10.1109/CVPR.2016.91', actual '10.1109/CVPR.2016.90'

============================================================
📋 SUMMARY
📚 Total references processed: 68
❌ Total errors: 55  ⚠️ Total warnings: 16  ❓ Unverified: 15

Install

PyPI (Recommended)

pip install academic-refchecker[llm,webui]  # Web UI + CLI + LLM providers
pip install academic-refchecker             # CLI only

From Source (Development)

git clone https://github.com/markrussinovich/refchecker.git && cd refchecker
python -m venv .venv && source .venv/bin/activate
pip install -e ".[llm,webui]"

Requirements: Python 3.7+ (3.10+ recommended). Node.js 18+ is only needed for Web UI development.

Run

Web UI

The Web UI shows live progress, history, and export (including corrected values).

refchecker-webui --port 8000

Tip: You can bulk-check multiple papers by selecting several files or a single ZIP; the Web UI will group them into a batch in the history sidebar.

Development (frontend)

cd web-ui
npm install
npm start

Open http://localhost:5173.

Alternative (separate servers):

# Terminal 1
python -m uvicorn backend.main:app --reload --port 8000

# Terminal 2
cd web-ui
npm run dev

Verify the backend is running:

curl http://localhost:8000/

Web UI documentation: see web-ui/README.md.

Docker

Pre-built multi-architecture images are published to GitHub Container Registry on every release.

Quick Start

docker run -p 8000:8000 ghcr.io/markrussinovich/refchecker:latest

Open http://localhost:8000 in your browser.

With LLM API Key

Pass your API key for LLM-powered reference extraction (recommended):

# Anthropic Claude (recommended)
docker run -p 8000:8000 -e ANTHROPIC_API_KEY=your_key ghcr.io/markrussinovich/refchecker:latest

# OpenAI
docker run -p 8000:8000 -e OPENAI_API_KEY=your_key ghcr.io/markrussinovich/refchecker:latest

# Google Gemini
docker run -p 8000:8000 -e GOOGLE_API_KEY=your_key ghcr.io/markrussinovich/refchecker:latest

Persistent Data

Mount a volume to persist check history and settings between restarts:

docker run -p 8000:8000 \
  -e ANTHROPIC_API_KEY=your_key \
  -v refchecker-data:/app/data \
  ghcr.io/markrussinovich/refchecker:latest

Docker Compose

For easier configuration with an .env file:

git clone https://github.com/markrussinovich/refchecker.git && cd refchecker
cp .env.example .env  # Add your API keys
docker compose up -d

Common commands:

docker compose logs -f    # View logs
docker compose down       # Stop
docker compose pull       # Update to latest

Available Tags

Tag	Description	Arch	Size
latest	Latest stable release	amd64, arm64	~800MB
X.Y.Z	Specific version (e.g., 2.0.18)	amd64, arm64	~800MB

CLI

# ArXiv (ID or URL)
academic-refchecker --paper 1706.03762
academic-refchecker --paper https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.03762

# Local files
academic-refchecker --paper paper.pdf
academic-refchecker --paper paper.tex
academic-refchecker --paper paper.txt
academic-refchecker --paper refs.bib

# Faster/offline verification (local DB)
academic-refchecker --paper paper.pdf --db-path semantic_scholar_db/semantic_scholar.db

# Save results
academic-refchecker --paper 1706.03762 --output-file errors.txt

Output

RefChecker reports these result types:

Type	Description	Examples
❌ Error	Critical issues needing correction	Author/title/DOI mismatches, incorrect ArXiv IDs
⚠️ Warning	Minor issues to review	Year differences, venue variations
ℹ️ Suggestion	Recommended improvements	Add missing ArXiv/DOI URLs, small metadata fixes
❓ Unverified	Could not verify against any source	Rare publications, preprints

Verified references include discovered URLs (Semantic Scholar, ArXiv, DOI). Suggestions are non-blocking improvements.

Detailed examples

❌ Error: First author mismatch: cited 'T. Xie', actual 'Zhao Xu'
❌ Error: DOI mismatch: cited '10.5555/3295222.3295349', actual '10.48550/arXiv.1706.03762'
⚠️ Warning: Year mismatch: cited '2024', actual '2023'
ℹ️ Suggestion: Add ArXiv URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.03762
❓ Could not verify: Llama guard (M. A. Research, 2024)

Configure

LLM

LLM-powered extraction improves accuracy with complex bibliographies. Claude Sonnet 4 performs best; GPT-4o may hallucinate DOIs.

Provider	Env Variable	Example Model
Anthropic	ANTHROPIC_API_KEY	claude-sonnet-4-20250514
OpenAI	OPENAI_API_KEY	gpt-5.2-mini
Google	GOOGLE_API_KEY	gemini-3
Azure	AZURE_OPENAI_API_KEY	gpt-4o
vLLM	(local)	meta-llama/Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct

export ANTHROPIC_API_KEY=your_key
academic-refchecker --paper 1706.03762 --llm-provider anthropic

academic-refchecker --paper paper.pdf --llm-provider openai --llm-model gpt-5.2-mini
academic-refchecker --paper paper.pdf --llm-provider vllm --llm-model meta-llama/Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct

Local models (vLLM)

There is no separate “GPU Docker image”. For local inference, install the vLLM extra and run an OpenAI-compatible vLLM server:

pip install "academic-refchecker[vllm]"
python scripts/start_vllm_server.py --model meta-llama/Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct --port 8001
academic-refchecker --paper paper.pdf --llm-provider vllm --llm-endpoint http://localhost:8001/v1

Command Line

--paper PAPER              # ArXiv ID, URL, or file path
--llm-provider PROVIDER    # openai, anthropic, google, azure, vllm
--llm-model MODEL          # Override default model
--db-path PATH             # Local database for offline verification
--output-file [PATH]       # Save results (default: reference_errors.txt)
--debug                    # Verbose output

Environment Variables

# LLM
export REFCHECKER_LLM_PROVIDER=anthropic
export ANTHROPIC_API_KEY=your_key           # Also: OPENAI_API_KEY, GOOGLE_API_KEY

# Performance
export SEMANTIC_SCHOLAR_API_KEY=your_key    # Higher rate limits / faster verification

Local Database

For offline verification or faster processing:

python scripts/download_db.py \
  --field "computer science" \
  --start-year 2020 --end-year 2024

academic-refchecker --paper paper.pdf --db-path semantic_scholar_db/semantic_scholar.db

Testing

490+ tests covering unit, integration, and end-to-end scenarios.

pytest tests/                    # All tests
pytest tests/unit/              # Unit only
pytest --cov=src tests/         # With coverage

See tests/README.md for details.

License

MIT License - see LICENSE.