admitted 2025.2

Utility to make automating processes using Selenium and Chromedriver easier

Admitted

/ədˈmɪtɪd/ verb : allowed entry (as to a place, fellowship, or privilege)

This project is very new. The API is very likely to change.

This library aims to make automating tasks that require authentication on websites simpler. In general, it would be better to make HTTP requests using an appropriate library, but at times it is not obvious how to replicate the login process, and you don't want to have to reverse engineer the site just to get your task done. That is where this library comes in.

We use Selenium to automate a Chrome for Testing instance, and set the user data directory to the Chrome default so that "remember me" settings will persist to avoid 2FA on every instance. We automatically install Chrome For Testing and ChromeDriver in a user binary location and manage ensuring the versions are aligned.

We expose a fetch method to make HTTP requests to the site with credentials through Chrome, eliminating the need to copy cookies and headers; and a direct_request method that uses urllib3 (which is also a dependency of Selenium) to make anonymous HTTP requests.

We also introduce a couple of methods that support exploring a site's Javascript environment from within Python: page.window.new_keys() lists non-default global variables, and page.window[key] will access global variables. page.browser.debug_show_page will dump a text version of the current page to the console (if html2text is installed, otherwise the raw page source).

Installation

pip

• pip install admitted, or
• pip install admitted[debug] to include html2text for exploratory work, or
• pip install admitted[dev] for the development environment.

Requirement format for this git repo as a dependency

admitted @ git+https://[e-mail]/indepndnt/admitted@main

Usage

Generally, the admitted API is intended to follow the encouraged practice of page object models by establishing a pattern of defining Page classes each with one initialization method that defines selectors for all relevant elements on the page and one or more action methods defining the desired interaction with the page.

Define your Site

The Site is a special version of a Page object that defines your login page and the method to complete the login action. All other Page objects will have a reference to this for testing if you are authenticated and repeating the login if necessary.

The default behavior of Site.__init__ is to call the login method; this can be avoided by passing postpone=True to Site.

from admitted import Site, Page

class MySite(Site):
    def __init__(self):
        # get login credentials from secure location
        credentials = {
          "username": "user",
          "password": "do_not_actually_put_your_password_in_your_code",
        }
        super().__init__(
            login_url="https://www.example.com/login",
            credentials=credentials,
        )
    
    def _init_login(self):
        self.username_selector = "input#username"
        self.password_selector = "input#password"
        self.submit_selector = "button#login"

    def _do_login(self) -> "MySite":
        self.css(self.username_selector).clear().send_keys(self.credentials["username"])
        self.css(self.password_selector).clear().send_keys(self.credentials["password"])
        self.css(self.submit_selector).click()
        return self

    def is_authenticated(self) -> bool:
        return self.window["localStorage.accessToken"] is not None

Define a Page

The default behavior of Page.navigate is to call self.site.login on the first retry if navigation fails.

class MyPage(Page):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__(MySite())
        self.navigate("https://www.example.com/interest")

    def _init_page(self) -> None:
        self.element_of_interest = "//div[@id='interest']"
        self.action_button = "#action-btn"

    def get_interesting_text(self) -> str:
        element = self.xpath(self.element_of_interest)
        return element.text

    def do_page_action(self) -> None:
        self.css(self.action_button).click()

Use your Page object

page = MyPage()
print(f"Received '{page.get_interesting_text()}'. Interesting!")
page.do_page_action()
print(f"Non-default global variables are {page.window.new_keys()}")
print(f"The document title is '{page.window['document.title']}'.")
response = page.window.fetch(method="post", url="/api/option", payload={"showInterest": True},
                             headers={"x-snowflake": "example-option-header"})
print(f"Fetch returned '{response.json}'.")
response = page.direct_request(method="get", url="https://www.google.com")
print(f"The length of Google's page source is {len(response.text)} characters.")

HTTP Response API

The Page.window.fetch and Page.direct_request methods both return a Response object with the following API.

• content property: Response body as bytes.
• text property: Response body as str, or None.
• json property: JSON parsed response body, or None.
• html property: lxml parsed HTML element tree, or None.
• write_stream method: Stream response data to the provided file pointer if direct_request method was called with stream=True, otherwise writes Response.content.
  • destination argument: file pointer for a file opened with a write binary mode.
  • chunck_size argument: (optional) number of bytes to write at a time.
  • Returns destination.

References

• Selenium Python bindings documentation
• Selenium project documentation
• lxml html parser documentation

Development

Configure pre-commit hooks to format, lint, and test code before commit.

.git/hooks/pre-commit

ln -s ./pre-commit.sh .git/hooks/pre-commit

Release

Run ./release.sh to increment the version number, push the release tag, and publish to PyPI.