alpha2 for Python

Build, validate and render alpha2 project documents from Python. A project is a plain dict in the engine's project.v1 shape (typed as alpha2.types.Project). Validation runs the engine's own validator in-process; rendering runs the native alpha2-host process on the GPU, or on the CPU where there is none.

pip install alpha2

On Linux (glibc 2.35 or later; not musl) x86_64 and aarch64, macOS arm64 and Windows x64 this also installs alpha2-host, the native renderer, as a platform wheel of the same version. Elsewhere build alpha2-host from source (cargo install alpha2-host with FFmpeg 8 development files) and set ALPHA2_HOST_PATH; see Finding alpha2-host.

import alpha2

project = alpha2.ProjectBuilder("Intro", width=1280, height=720, frame_rate=30)
title = project.source("image", "title.png")
project.video_track().clip(title, at=0, duration=3)

result = alpha2.export(
    project.build(),
    "intro.mp4",
    assets=project.assets(),
    on_progress=lambda p: print(f"{p.completed}/{p.total}"),
)
print(result["output"], result["videoPipeline"], result["frames"])

• alpha2.export, alpha2.conform and alpha2.capabilities run on a shared HostClient; make your own (alpha2.HostClient(concurrency=2)) to bound or separate them.
• An existing output is refused unless you pass overwrite=True, which replaces it only once the export is whole. An output that is one of the export's inputs is always refused.
• Setting a cancel event (threading.Event) or pressing Ctrl-C cancels the request: the client writes a cancel line, the host stops the export, removes its partial output and answers, and the host ends, all before the call returns. A host that does not answer within 5 s is ended; a second Ctrl-C ends it at once. The host also exits when the process that started it dies.
• Every failure is an alpha2.Alpha2HostError with a machine-readable code and a classified failure dict for retry policies. A host that writes nothing within host_start_timeout (seconds, a HostClient argument, 30 by default, None to wait forever) is killed and the request fails with HOST_START_TIMEOUT; a host macOS has quarantined is refused before it starts with HOST_QUARANTINED, one Windows refuses by policy is HOST_BLOCKED, and a Linux host whose program interpreter is missing (musl) or whose glibc is too old is HOST_LOAD_FAILED.
• Options you write use snake_case (loudness={"target_lufs": -14, ...}); what the host reports keeps the protocol's camelCase keys (result["effectiveRange"]).

Authoring helpers

The document is plain dicts, and the helpers write them: values, effects, a clip's visual, layouts and shapes. They write the document's own field names, so a helper and a hand-written dict mix freely, and validate_project checks the result with the engine's messages.

from alpha2 import effect, fx, key, keyframes, visual
from alpha2.layout import box, layout, text
from alpha2.shapes import circle, fill, shapes

card = project.generated(
    layout(
        box(
            text("Hello", font_size="40px", line_height=1.4),
            padding="12px 20px",
            background="#1e2230",
            border_radius="16px",
        )
    )
)
project.video_track().clip(
    card,
    at=0,
    duration=3,
    visual=visual(opacity=keyframes(key(0, 0.0), key(0.5, 1.0)), scale=1.2),
    effects=[effect("alpha2.effect.gaussian-blur", radius=0.002)],
)
dot = project.generated(shapes(circle((0.5, 0.5), 0.2, picture=(1280, 720)), fill("#ffb020")))

• key(at, value) takes at in seconds or alpha2.Ticks; keyframes(*keys) refuses keys out of order instead of sorting them. Every other field takes a plain value, which becomes a constant.
• An effect parameter is typed in the document. fx.param (which effect applies) lifts a float, a bool, an (x, y) pair and a hex color; an int or a 4-tuple is ambiguous and raises TypeError naming the constructors (fx.scalar(1.0) or fx.enum(1), fx.vec4 or fx.color).
• alpha2.layout is the TypeScript alpha2/layout builder: box(*children, **props), text(content, **props), shape(items, **props). Length and CSS strings are not parsed in Python; the engine reports a bad one.

Units

circle(center, diameter, picture=(w, h)) gives a round ellipse: the diameter is a shorter-side fraction, and picture is the size of what the shapes draw on (the canvas for a shapes generator, the content box for a shape inside a layout box), so it has no default.

Time bases

A keyframe in the wrong base usually falls outside the time its owner is shown. alpha2.lint_project(document) reports each keyframe no frame reaches as unreached_keyframe, with its owner, property and time.

Layers

A track shows one clip at a time: clips on one track may not overlap, except where a transition joins them. Overlapping layers are one track each, the later track drawn on top. For many layers in one place, use compose.Stack, a composition merge node (up to 32 layers in one clip), or one shapes or layout generator that draws them all.

Animated text

A layout text takes keyframes of strings, so a count-up is one clip:

count = keyframes(*(key(i / 30, str(i)) for i in range(101)))
counter = project.generated(layout(box(text(count, font_size=0.2), justify_content="center")))

Text holds from one key to the next: text writes key's default linear as hold, and refuses any other interpolation.

Measure text

alpha2.TextMeasurer(fonts) measures text and layout generators with the engine's own placement code and without a GPU. Give it the font files an export gets, in the same order: it registers the same faces (every face of a .ttc).

measurer = alpha2.TextMeasurer(["fonts/Inter.ttc"])
bounds = measurer.layout(card_layout, picture=(1280, 720))
title = bounds["nodes"][1]
print(title["border"], title["lineCount"], title["overflow"], title["baselines"])
words = measurer.text({"type": "text", "text": "Hi"}, canvas=(1280, 720))

Rectangles are fractions of the picture, (0, 0) top-left to (1, 1) bottom-right; baselines holds the first and last lines' alphabetic baselines as fractions of its height, to line a text up with another or with a shape by arithmetic. Measure at the size the picture is drawn at: at another size lines can break elsewhere. The measurer reads its fonts once, so a loop that shrinks a text until it fits is quick; measuring releases the GIL.

Check a frame

alpha2.still renders one frame of a project to a PNG, the frame an export draws there, without encoding a video:

result = alpha2.still(project.build(), 1.5, "check.png", assets=project.assets())
print(result["stills"][0]["frameTime"])  # the grid frame that holds 1.5 s, in ticks

• Times are seconds or exact alpha2.Ticks. The frame drawn is the one of the project's frame grid that holds the time; frameTime says which.
• alpha2.stills(project, [(0, "a.png"), (2.5, "b.png")], ...) renders up to 256 frames with one host, decoding once; size=(width, height) renders the project at another canvas size.
• The PNG is 8-bit RGBA, the picture before any video encoding. overwrite=True replaces an existing file, as for export.
• From a shell: python -m alpha2 still project.json check.png --at 1.5 --asset title=title.png.

Renderer and video decode

renderer= ("auto", "gpu", "cpu"; typed as alpha2.client.RendererMode) chooses what draws the frames, and video_decode= ("software", "auto", "hardware-required") how video is decoded, on HostClient(...) for every request or per call to export, still and capabilities. Unset, the host reads ALPHA2_RENDERER and ALPHA2_VIDEO_DECODE, else decides: auto renderer, and auto decode on Linux and macOS, software on Windows.

• auto renders on a hardware GPU when there is one and on the CPU otherwise, never on a software GPU adapter (lavapipe, llvmpipe, WARP, SwiftShader). gpu takes whatever adapter the host finds and fails with GPU_INIT_FAILED without one; cpu opens no graphics driver.
• Results and capabilities report renderer ("gpu" or "cpu"), rendererReason (why the host renders on the CPU) and, on the CPU, rendererThreads; the capability report's ["capabilities"]["features"] has renderer.gpu, renderer.cpu and effects.runtime. A runtime WGSL effect cannot run on the CPU renderer: such an export fails with EFFECT_ERROR.
• Under auto decode, an export whose hardware decoder stalls runs once more decoding in software.

Compose: videos by intent

alpha2.compose describes a video by what it is made of and compiles it into a project. Times are seconds, lengths are pixels of the canvas, and files are paths: the compiled project carries its assets, fonts and loudness to alpha2.export.

from pathlib import Path

import alpha2
from alpha2 import compose as c

video = c.Video(
    canvas="youtube-1080p",
    body=c.Slideshow(
        sorted(Path("photos").glob("*.jpg")), seconds=6, transition=c.Crossfade(1), ken_burns=1.15
    ),
    overlays=[c.Title("Summer 2026", at=0.5, duration=4)],
    audio=c.MusicBed("music.m4a", fade_out=3),
)
compiled = video.compile(fonts=["DejaVuSans-Bold.ttf"])  # compiled.project is a plain dict
alpha2.export(compiled, "summer.mp4")

• Nodes: Sequence, Stack, Grid, Media, Text, Color, Captions (SubRip, WebVTT, cues or word timestamps), Layout, Audio, Raw (part of a project, as an overlay); components Slideshow, CaptionedVideo, Title, TitleCard, LowerThird, EndCard, ComparisonGrid, Reframe, Logo, MusicBed. Themes clean-dark and clean-light, or your own (theme={"base": "clean-light", "accent": "#e63946"}).
• Motion: enter= and exit= on visual nodes and containers take Fade, Rise, Slide or Scale, timed from the node's own start and back from its own end; Stack and Grid take stagger= to move children one after another; Text takes reveal=Reveal("word") (or "line"); Counter(0, 1200, thousands=",") counts on the frame grid. Easings are CSS names ("ease-out") or easing objects. All of it compiles to ordinary keyframes.
• Helpers for hand-built projects: alpha2.frames(30).snap(1.234) (frame-exact seconds), alpha2.EASING_PRESETS, alpha2.linear_gradient and alpha2.radial_gradient.
• Compiling needs each file's size and length. compile asks the host's conform for them (no GPU), or takes them as facts=; with every fact given it runs without a host. The same spec, facts and fonts compile to the same project.
• Templates are Python: loops, conditions and arithmetic build the lists the nodes take. A spec is JSON (video.to_json(), typed as alpha2.compose_types.VideoSpec) that every binding compiles the same way.
• An error names where in the spec it lies (alpha2.Alpha2ComposeError, .path == "spec.body.items[3].path").

Finding alpha2-host

In this order: the host_path argument, ALPHA2_HOST_PATH, the alpha2-host wheel of this version, the archive of this version in the shared cache, then PATH.

python -m alpha2 install downloads the release archive into the cache (ALPHA2_HOST_CACHE_DIR, else ~/.cache/alpha2, ~/Library/Caches/alpha2 or %LOCALAPPDATA%\alpha2), the one @alpha2-sh/node uses, so one download serves both. It checks the archive against the SHA-256 the published wheel pins for it, so a mirror cannot substitute one; a source checkout, which has no pin, checks against the release's checksums.sha256 instead (InstallResult.verified_by says which). Or unpack the archive from the GitHub release yourself and point ALPHA2_HOST_PATH at its bin/alpha2-host. On macOS an archive downloaded with a browser is quarantined, and the client refuses it (HOST_QUARANTINED): run xattr -dr com.apple.quarantine <unpacked dir>, or download with curl -LO. To use a system FFmpeg 8, build the host from source (cargo install alpha2-host).

Downloads honour HTTPS_PROXY (and NO_PROXY) and verify with the operating system's certificate store on macOS and Windows (through truststore), and with OpenSSL's store on Linux, or certifi's roots where the system has none. A proxy that inspects TLS needs its root certificate in the system store (or in SSL_CERT_FILE on Linux). ALPHA2_HOST_DOWNLOAD_URL (or the download_url argument) names a mirror laid out like https://github.com/alpha2-sh/alpha2/releases/download. On Linux the command refuses musl systems and glibc older than 2.35 before downloading anything. The Microsoft Store's Python keeps what it writes under %LOCALAPPDATA% private to itself, so the command warns there: set ALPHA2_HOST_CACHE_DIR to a folder outside %LOCALAPPDATA% to share the install.

Software H.264 (OpenH264)

Where no hardware H.264 encoder is available, alpha2-host can encode H.264 in software with Cisco's OpenH264 library, which it loads at run time. Neither this package nor the alpha2-host wheel includes that library, and nothing downloads it unless you ask: Cisco's patent licence covers its binary only when the user fetches it from Cisco.

python -m alpha2 install --openh264

This downloads Cisco's OpenH264 2.7.0 binary for the platform from https://ciscobinary.openh264.org, checks the download and the library in it against their SHA-256s, and puts the library in the shared cache, in openh264-2.7.0-<target>/, where alpha2-host finds it. It installs only the library, not alpha2-host. --force downloads again, alpha2.install_openh264() does the same from code, and ALPHA2_OPENH264_DOWNLOAD_URL (or the download_url argument) names a mirror. Every run prints Cisco's notice:

OpenH264 Video Codec provided by Cisco Systems, Inc.

The library is Cisco's binary, under Cisco's terms. Set ALPHA2_OPENH264=0 to keep alpha2-host from using it.

Development

The extension module is the Rust crate bindings/alpha2-python; maturin builds it into the package.

cd python/alpha2
uv venv -p 3.11 && uv pip install --group dev
uv pip install --no-deps -e .         # rebuild after changing the Rust crate
.venv/bin/pytest                       # end-to-end tests use ALPHA2_HOST_BINARY or target/debug/alpha2-host
.venv/bin/mypy && .venv/bin/ruff check

--no-deps because the pinned alpha2-host wheel exists only once a release is published; the tests find a host through ALPHA2_HOST_BINARY, ALPHA2_HOST_PATH or the cache instead. src/alpha2/types.py and src/alpha2/compose_types.py are generated from the project and compose schemas by npm run generate:schema. python/alpha2-host builds the alpha2-host wheel from a release archive.