Transport-agnostic messaging conventions & helpers for AmpyFin
Project description
ampy-bus — Transport-Agnostic Messaging for Trading Systems
Transport-agnostic messaging conventions and helpers for AmpyFin trading systems. Standardize topics, headers, QoS, replay, and observability across NATS and Kafka with consistent
ampy-protopayloads.
🚀 Quick Start
# Install Go CLI tools
make build
# Install Python package
pip install -e .[nats]
# Start NATS server with JetStream (REQUIRED)
docker run -d --name nats -p 4222:4222 nats:2.10 -js
# Publish a message (NATS)
./ampybusctl pub-empty --topic ampy.prod.bars.v1.XNAS.AAPL \
--producer yfinance-go@ingest-1 --source yfinance-go --pk XNAS.AAPL
# Subscribe to messages
./ampybusctl sub --subject "ampy.prod.bars.v1.>"
# Kafka alternative
./kafkabusctl pub-empty --brokers 127.0.0.1:9092 \
--topic ampy.prod.bars.v1.XNAS.AAPL \
--producer yfinance-go@ingest-1 --source yfinance-go --pk XNAS.AAPL
⚠️ CRITICAL: NATS JetStream Requirement
ampy-bus requires NATS with JetStream enabled for all NATS-based operations. Without JetStream, you'll encounter errors like:
Failed to ensure stream: nats: no responders available for request
Quick NATS Setup
Option 1: Docker (Recommended)
# Start NATS with JetStream enabled (REQUIRED)
docker run -d --name nats -p 4222:4222 nats:2.10 -js
# Verify JetStream is running (check logs)
docker logs nats | grep "Starting JetStream"
Option 2: Local Installation
# Install NATS server
brew install nats-server # macOS
# or download from https://github.com/nats-io/nats-server/releases
# Start NATS with JetStream enabled (REQUIRED)
nats-server -js
# Verify JetStream is running (you should see "Starting JetStream" in the logs)
Option 3: Using the CLI
# Start with JetStream and other options
nats-server -js --store_dir /tmp/nats/jetstream --max_memory_store 1GB
Note: The
-jsflag is essential. Without it, ampy-bus operations will fail.
Troubleshooting JetStream Issues
Common Error Messages:
# Error: No JetStream enabled
Failed to ensure stream: nats: no responders available for request
# Error: JetStream not ready
nats: context deadline exceeded
Solutions:
- Verify JetStream is enabled: Check logs for "Starting JetStream"
- Wait for startup: JetStream takes a few seconds to initialize
- Check port: Ensure NATS is running on port 4222
- Restart with JetStream: Stop and restart with
-jsflag
Verification Commands:
# Check if JetStream is running
docker logs nats | grep "Starting JetStream"
# Test connection
nats server info
# List JetStream streams (if available)
nats stream list
🎯 What Problem Does This Solve?
Trading systems need reliable, auditable messaging but teams often end up with:
- Schema drift between services using different message formats
- Inconsistent delivery semantics (ordering, retries, dead letter queues)
- Poor replayability for research, backtesting, and compliance audits
- Transport lock-in (Kafka vs NATS) preventing system evolution
- Scattered observability with different metrics/logging per service
ampy-bus solves this by providing:
- ✅ Transport-agnostic contracts - same code works on NATS or Kafka
- ✅ Standardized envelopes with required headers for lineage and observability
- ✅ Domain-specific ordering and partitioning strategies
- ✅ Built-in DLQ, replay, and retry semantics
- ✅ Consistent observability with metrics, tracing, and structured logging
📦 Installation
Prerequisites
- Go 1.23+ (for CLI tools and Go libraries)
- Python 3.8+ (for Python libraries and examples)
- NATS Server or Kafka/Redpanda (messaging broker)
Go Installation
# Clone the repository
git clone https://github.com/AmpyFin/ampy-bus.git
cd ampy-bus
# Build CLI tools
make build
# This creates:
# - ./ampybusctl (NATS CLI)
# - ./kafkabusctl (Kafka CLI)
# - ./kafkainspect (Kafka inspection)
# - ./kafkapoison (DLQ testing)
Python Installation
From PyPI (Recommended):
# Install core package
pip install ampy-bus
# Install with NATS support (includes nats-py, OpenTelemetry, etc.)
pip install ampy-bus[nats]
# Install development dependencies
pip install ampy-bus[dev]
From Source:
# Clone and install
git clone https://github.com/AmpyFin/ampy-bus.git
cd ampy-bus
# Install core package
pip install -e .
# Install with NATS support (includes nats-py, OpenTelemetry, etc.)
pip install -e .[nats]
# Install development dependencies
pip install -e .[dev]
Verify Installation:
python -c "import ampybus; print(f'ampy-bus version: {ampybus.__version__}')"
Docker Setup (Optional)
# Start NATS server with JetStream (REQUIRED for ampy-bus)
docker run -d --name nats -p 4222:4222 nats:2.10 -js
# Start Redpanda (Kafka-compatible)
docker run -d --name redpanda -p 9092:9092 -p 9644:9644 \
redpandadata/redpanda:latest \
redpanda start --overprovisioned --smp 1 --memory 1G
🛠️ CLI Tools
ampybusctl (NATS)
Main CLI for NATS-based messaging operations:
# Publish empty message (for testing)
./ampybusctl pub-empty --topic ampy.prod.bars.v1.XNAS.AAPL \
--producer yfinance-go@ingest-1 --source yfinance-go --pk XNAS.AAPL
# Subscribe to messages
./ampybusctl sub --subject "ampy.prod.bars.v1.>"
# Subscribe with durable consumer
./ampybusctl sub --subject "ampy.prod.bars.v1.>" --durable my-consumer
# DLQ operations
./ampybusctl dlq-inspect --subject "ampy.prod.dlq.v1.>" --max 10 --decode
./ampybusctl dlq-redrive --subject "ampy.prod.dlq.v1.>" --max 5
# Performance testing
./ampybusctl bench-pub --topic ampy.prod.bars.v1.XNAS.AAPL \
--producer bench@test --source bench --pk XNAS.AAPL --count 1000
# Replay messages
./ampybusctl replay --env prod --domain bars --version v1 --subtopic XNAS.AAPL \
--start 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z --end 2025-01-01T01:00:00Z --reason "backtest"
# Validate fixtures
./ampybusctl validate-fixture --file examples/bars_v1_XNAS_AAPL.json
kafkabusctl (Kafka)
Kafka-specific operations:
# Create topic
./kafkabusctl ensure-topic --brokers 127.0.0.1:9092 \
--topic ampy.prod.bars.v1.XNAS.AAPL --partitions 3
# Publish message
./kafkabusctl pub-empty --brokers 127.0.0.1:9092 \
--topic ampy.prod.bars.v1.XNAS.AAPL \
--producer yfinance-go@ingest-1 --source yfinance-go --pk XNAS.AAPL
# Subscribe to topic
./kafkabusctl sub --brokers 127.0.0.1:9092 \
--topic ampy.prod.bars.v1.XNAS.AAPL --group cli-consumer
kafkainspect
Inspect Kafka topics and messages:
# List topics
./kafkainspect list-topics --brokers 127.0.0.1:9092
# Inspect topic details
./kafkainspect describe-topic --brokers 127.0.0.1:9092 \
--topic ampy.prod.bars.v1.XNAS.AAPL
# Consume and decode messages
./kafkainspect consume --brokers 127.0.0.1:9092 \
--topic ampy.prod.bars.v1.XNAS.AAPL --max 10 --decode
kafkapoison
Generate poison messages for DLQ testing:
# Send poison message (will trigger DLQ)
./kafkapoison --brokers 127.0.0.1:9092 \
--topic ampy.prod.bars.v1.XNAS.AAPL \
--producer poison@cli --source poison-test --pk XNAS.AAPL
📚 Complete Examples & Use Cases
🏗️ Available Examples
The repository includes comprehensive examples for all major use cases:
Go Examples:
examples/go/simple_roundtrip/main.go- Basic pub/sub with NATSexamples/go/nats_pubsub/main.go- Advanced NATS pub/sub patternsexamples/go/replayer/main.go- Message replay functionality
Python Examples:
python/examples/simple_roundtrip.py- Basic async pub/subpython/examples/py_nats_pub.py- Publisher examplepython/examples/py_nats_sub.py- Subscriber examplepython/examples/py_dlq_inspect.py- DLQ inspectionpython/examples/py_dlq_redrive.py- DLQ message redrivepython/examples/py_send_poison.py- Poison message testing
Message Examples:
examples/bars_v1_XNAS_AAPL.json- OHLCV bar dataexamples/ticks_v1_trade_MSFT.json- Trade tick dataexamples/news_v1_raw.json- News article dataexamples/signals_v1_hyper_NVDA.json- ML trading signalsexamples/orders_v1_request.json- Order request dataexamples/fills_v1_event.json- Fill event dataexamples/positions_v1_snapshot.json- Position snapshotexamples/fx_v1_USD_JPY.json- FX rate dataexamples/metrics_v1_oms_order_rejects.json- System metricsexamples/dlq_v1_bars.json- Dead letter queue exampleexamples/control_v1_replay_request.json- Replay control message
🚀 Basic Pub/Sub Examples
Go Example:
// examples/go/simple_roundtrip/main.go
package main
import (
"context"
"fmt"
"github.com/AmpyFin/ampy-bus/pkg/ampybus"
"github.com/AmpyFin/ampy-bus/pkg/ampybus/natsbinding"
)
func main() {
// Connect to NATS
cfg := natsbinding.Config{URL: "nats://localhost:4222"}
bus, _ := natsbinding.Connect(cfg)
defer bus.Close()
// Publish message
headers := ampybus.NewHeaders("ampy.bars.v1.BarBatch", "test-producer", "test-source", "XNAS.AAPL")
bus.Publish(context.Background(), "ampy.prod.bars.v1.XNAS.AAPL", headers, []byte("payload"))
// Subscribe to messages
bus.Subscribe("ampy.prod.bars.v1.>", func(msg *ampybus.Message) {
fmt.Printf("Received: %s\n", msg.Headers.MessageID)
})
}
Python Example:
# python/examples/simple_roundtrip.py
import asyncio
from ampybus import nats_bus
async def main():
# Connect to NATS
bus = nats_bus.NatsBus("nats://localhost:4222")
await bus.connect()
# Publish message
headers = {
"message_id": "018f5e2f-9b1c-76aa-8f7a-3b1d8f3ea0c2",
"schema_fqdn": "ampy.bars.v1.BarBatch",
"producer": "test-producer",
"source": "test-source",
"partition_key": "XNAS.AAPL"
}
await bus.publish("ampy.prod.bars.v1.XNAS.AAPL", headers, b"payload")
# Subscribe to messages
async def handler(msg):
print(f"Received: {msg.headers['message_id']}")
await bus.subscribe("ampy.prod.bars.v1.>", handler)
asyncio.run(main())
📊 Market Data Examples
OHLCV Bars:
# Publish bar data
./ampybusctl pub-empty --topic ampy.prod.bars.v1.XNAS.AAPL \
--producer yfinance-go@ingest-1 --source yfinance-go --pk XNAS.AAPL
# Subscribe to all bar data
./ampybusctl sub --subject "ampy.prod.bars.v1.>"
Trade Ticks:
# Publish tick data
./ampybusctl pub-empty --topic ampy.prod.ticks.v1.trade.MSFT \
--producer databento-cpp@tick-1 --source databento-cpp --pk MSFT.XNAS
# Subscribe to trade ticks
./ampybusctl sub --subject "ampy.prod.ticks.v1.trade.>"
FX Rates:
# Publish FX data
./ampybusctl pub-empty --topic ampy.prod.fx.v1.USD.JPY \
--producer oanda-api@fx-1 --source oanda-api --pk USD.JPY
🤖 Trading System Examples
ML Signals:
# Publish trading signals
./ampybusctl pub-empty --topic ampy.prod.signals.v1.hyper@2025-01-01 \
--producer ampy-model@mdl-1 --source ampy-model --pk hyper@2025-01-01|NVDA.XNAS
Order Management:
# Publish order requests
./ampybusctl pub-empty --topic ampy.prod.orders.v1.requests \
--producer ampy-oms@oms-1 --source ampy-oms --pk co_20250101_001
# Publish fill events
./ampybusctl pub-empty --topic ampy.prod.fills.v1.events \
--producer ampy-oms@oms-1 --source ampy-oms --pk fill_20250101_001
Position Tracking:
# Publish position snapshots
./ampybusctl pub-empty --topic ampy.prod.positions.v1.snapshots \
--producer ampy-oms@oms-1 --source ampy-oms --pk portfolio_20250101
📰 News & Information Examples
News Articles:
# Publish news data
./ampybusctl pub-empty --topic ampy.prod.news.v1.raw \
--producer news-scraper@news-1 --source news-scraper --pk news_20250101_001
System Metrics:
# Publish system metrics
./ampybusctl pub-empty --topic ampy.prod.metrics.v1.ampy-oms \
--producer ampy-oms@oms-1 --source ampy-oms --pk metrics_20250101
Dead Letter Queue (DLQ) Handling
# Send a poison message (will fail to decode)
./kafkapoison --brokers 127.0.0.1:9092 \
--topic ampy.prod.bars.v1.XNAS.AAPL \
--producer poison@test --source poison-test --pk XNAS.AAPL
# Inspect DLQ messages
./ampybusctl dlq-inspect --subject "ampy.prod.dlq.v1.>" --max 5 --decode --outdir ./dlq_dump
# Redrive messages from DLQ (after fixing the issue)
./ampybusctl dlq-redrive --subject "ampy.prod.dlq.v1.>" --max 5
Message Replay
# Replay bars data for backtesting
./ampybusctl replay --env prod --domain bars --version v1 --subtopic XNAS.AAPL \
--start 2025-01-01T09:30:00Z --end 2025-01-01T16:00:00Z \
--reason "backtest-2025-01-01"
# Replay with custom subject pattern
./ampybusctl replay --subject "ampy.prod.ticks.v1.trade.>" \
--start 2025-01-01T09:30:00Z --end 2025-01-01T10:00:00Z \
--reason "tick-analysis"
Performance Testing
# Benchmark publishing performance
./ampybusctl bench-pub --topic ampy.prod.bars.v1.XNAS.AAPL \
--producer bench@test --source bench --pk XNAS.AAPL --count 10000
# Output: Published 10000 messages in 2.3s (4347.8 msg/s)
Topic Patterns & Domains
# Market data topics
ampy.prod.bars.v1.XNAS.AAPL # OHLCV bars
ampy.prod.ticks.v1.trade.MSFT # Trade ticks
ampy.prod.ticks.v1.quote.AAPL # Quote ticks
# News & signals
ampy.prod.news.v1.raw # Raw news items
ampy.prod.signals.v1.hyper@2025-01-01 # ML signals
# Trading operations
ampy.prod.orders.v1.requests # Order requests
ampy.prod.fills.v1.events # Fill events
ampy.prod.positions.v1.snapshots # Position snapshots
# System monitoring
ampy.prod.metrics.v1.ampy-oms # Service metrics
ampy.prod.dlq.v1.bars # Dead letter queue
Connection Options
# NATS with authentication
./ampybusctl sub --subject "ampy.prod.bars.v1.>" \
--nats nats://localhost:4222 \
--user myuser --pass mypass
# NATS with TLS
./ampybusctl sub --subject "ampy.prod.bars.v1.>" \
--nats tls://localhost:4222 \
--tls-ca ca.pem --tls-cert client-cert.pem --tls-key client-key.pem
# Kafka with SASL
./kafkabusctl sub --brokers 127.0.0.1:9092 \
--topic ampy.prod.bars.v1.XNAS.AAPL \
--group my-consumer
Python Integration
# Install with NATS support
pip install -e .[nats]
# Use in your application
from ampybus import nats_bus, envelope
# Create properly formatted envelope
env = envelope.Envelope(
message_id="018f5e2f-9b1c-76aa-8f7a-3b1d8f3ea0c2",
schema_fqdn="ampy.bars.v1.BarBatch",
producer="my-service@host-1",
source="my-service",
partition_key="XNAS.AAPL"
)
# Connect and publish
bus = nats_bus.NatsBus("nats://localhost:4222")
await bus.connect()
await bus.publish("ampy.prod.bars.v1.XNAS.AAPL", env.headers, protobuf_data)
🚀 Quick Start Guide
1. Start a Message Broker
Option A: NATS (Recommended for development)
docker run -d --name nats -p 4222:4222 nats:2.10 -js
Option B: Kafka/Redpanda
docker run -d --name redpanda -p 9092:9092 -p 9644:9644 \
docker.redpanda.com/redpanda/redpanda:latest \
redpanda start --overprovisioned --smp 1 --memory 1G
2. Build and Test CLI Tools
# Build all CLI tools
make build
# Test basic pub/sub (NATS)
./ampybusctl pub-empty --topic ampy.prod.bars.v1.XNAS.AAPL \
--producer test@cli --source test --pk XNAS.AAPL
# In another terminal, subscribe
./ampybusctl sub --subject "ampy.prod.bars.v1.>"
3. Try Python Integration
# Install Python package
pip install -e .[nats]
# Run Python example
python python/examples/simple_roundtrip.py
🎯 Real-World Use Cases
📈 Market Data Ingestion & Distribution
Multi-Source Data Aggregation:
# Ingest from multiple sources
./ampybusctl pub-empty --topic ampy.prod.bars.v1.XNAS.AAPL \
--producer yfinance-go@ingest-1 --source yfinance-go --pk XNAS.AAPL
./ampybusctl pub-empty --topic ampy.prod.bars.v1.XNAS.AAPL \
--producer alpha-vantage@ingest-2 --source alpha-vantage --pk XNAS.AAPL
# High-frequency tick data
./ampybusctl pub-empty --topic ampy.prod.ticks.v1.trade.MSFT \
--producer databento-cpp@tick-1 --source databento-cpp --pk MSFT.XNAS
# FX rates
./ampybusctl pub-empty --topic ampy.prod.fx.v1.USD.JPY \
--producer oanda-api@fx-1 --source oanda-api --pk USD.JPY
Real-Time Data Distribution:
# Multiple consumers can subscribe to the same data
./ampybusctl sub --subject "ampy.prod.bars.v1.>" --durable market-data-consumer
./ampybusctl sub --subject "ampy.prod.ticks.v1.trade.>" --durable tick-processor
./ampybusctl sub --subject "ampy.prod.fx.v1.>" --durable fx-monitor
🤖 Trading System Integration
ML Signal Generation & Distribution:
# Publish ML trading signals
./ampybusctl pub-empty --topic ampy.prod.signals.v1.hyper@2025-01-01 \
--producer ampy-model@mdl-1 --source ampy-model --pk hyper@2025-01-01|NVDA.XNAS
# Subscribe to signals for trading
./ampybusctl sub --subject "ampy.prod.signals.v1.>" --durable signal-processor
Order Management System:
# Publish order requests
./ampybusctl pub-empty --topic ampy.prod.orders.v1.requests \
--producer ampy-oms@oms-1 --source ampy-oms --pk co_20250101_001
# Publish fill events
./ampybusctl pub-empty --topic ampy.prod.fills.v1.events \
--producer ampy-oms@oms-1 --source ampy-oms --pk fill_20250101_001
# Subscribe to order events
./ampybusctl sub --subject "ampy.prod.orders.v1.>" --durable order-tracker
./ampybusctl sub --subject "ampy.prod.fills.v1.>" --durable fill-processor
Position & Risk Management:
# Publish position snapshots
./ampybusctl pub-empty --topic ampy.prod.positions.v1.snapshots \
--producer ampy-oms@oms-1 --source ampy-oms --pk portfolio_20250101
# Subscribe for risk monitoring
./ampybusctl sub --subject "ampy.prod.positions.v1.>" --durable risk-monitor
📰 News & Information Processing
News Ingestion & NLP:
# Raw news ingestion
./ampybusctl pub-empty --topic ampy.prod.news.v1.raw \
--producer news-scraper@news-1 --source news-scraper --pk news_20250101_001
# Processed news (after NLP)
./ampybusctl pub-empty --topic ampy.prod.news.v1.nlp \
--producer nlp-processor@nlp-1 --source nlp-processor --pk news_20250101_001
# Subscribe to news for sentiment analysis
./ampybusctl sub --subject "ampy.prod.news.v1.>" --durable sentiment-analyzer
🔍 Monitoring & Observability
System Health Monitoring:
# Publish system metrics
./ampybusctl pub-empty --topic ampy.prod.metrics.v1.ampy-oms \
--producer ampy-oms@oms-1 --source ampy-oms --pk metrics_20250101
# Subscribe to metrics for monitoring
./ampybusctl sub --subject "ampy.prod.metrics.v1.>" --durable metrics-collector
Error Handling & DLQ Management:
# Monitor DLQ for issues
./ampybusctl dlq-inspect --subject "ampy.prod.dlq.v1.>" --max 10 --decode
# Redrive messages after fixing issues
./ampybusctl dlq-redrive --subject "ampy.prod.dlq.v1.>" --max 5
🔬 Backtesting & Research
Historical Data Replay:
# Replay bars data for backtesting
./ampybusctl replay --env prod --domain bars --version v1 --subtopic XNAS.AAPL \
--start 2025-01-01T09:30:00Z --end 2025-01-01T16:00:00Z \
--reason "backtest-2025-01-01"
# Replay tick data for analysis
./ampybusctl replay --subject "ampy.prod.ticks.v1.trade.>" \
--start 2025-01-01T09:30:00Z --end 2025-01-01T10:00:00Z \
--reason "tick-analysis"
# Replay news data for sentiment backtesting
./ampybusctl replay --subject "ampy.prod.news.v1.>" \
--start 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z --end 2025-01-01T23:59:59Z \
--reason "news-sentiment-backtest"
🏢 Enterprise Use Cases
Multi-Environment Deployment:
# Development environment
./ampybusctl pub-empty --topic ampy.dev.bars.v1.XNAS.AAPL \
--producer test@dev --source test --pk XNAS.AAPL
# Paper trading environment
./ampybusctl pub-empty --topic ampy.paper.orders.v1.requests \
--producer paper-oms@paper-1 --source paper-oms --pk paper_order_001
# Production environment
./ampybusctl pub-empty --topic ampy.prod.bars.v1.XNAS.AAPL \
--producer yfinance-go@prod-1 --source yfinance-go --pk XNAS.AAPL
Compliance & Audit:
# Replay all trading activity for audit
./ampybusctl replay --subject "ampy.prod.orders.v1.>" \
--start 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z --end 2025-01-31T23:59:59Z \
--reason "monthly-audit-2025-01"
# Replay all fills for reconciliation
./ampybusctl replay --subject "ampy.prod.fills.v1.>" \
--start 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z --end 2025-01-31T23:59:59Z \
--reason "fills-reconciliation-2025-01"
🧪 Development & Testing Examples
Performance Testing:
# Benchmark publishing performance
./ampybusctl bench-pub --topic ampy.prod.bars.v1.XNAS.AAPL \
--producer bench@test --source bench --pk XNAS.AAPL --count 1000
# Benchmark with Go
go run cmd/benchkafka/main.go --brokers 127.0.0.1:9092 \
--topic ampy.prod.bars.v1.XNAS.AAPL --count 10000
# Benchmark with NATS
go run cmd/benchnats/main.go --subject ampy.prod.bars.v1.XNAS.AAPL \
--count 10000 --nats nats://127.0.0.1:4222
DLQ Testing:
# Send poison message (will trigger DLQ)
./kafkapoison --brokers 127.0.0.1:9092 \
--topic ampy.prod.bars.v1.XNAS.AAPL \
--producer poison@test --source poison-test --pk XNAS.AAPL
# Or use Python
python python/examples/py_send_poison.py
# Inspect DLQ messages
./ampybusctl dlq-inspect --subject "ampy.prod.dlq.v1.>" --max 5 --decode
# Or use Python
python python/examples/py_dlq_inspect.py
# Redrive messages from DLQ
./ampybusctl dlq-redrive --subject "ampy.prod.dlq.v1.>" --max 5
# Or use Python
python python/examples/py_dlq_redrive.py
Message Validation:
# Validate message fixtures
./ampybusctl validate-fixture --file examples/bars_v1_XNAS_AAPL.json
./ampybusctl validate-fixture --file examples/ticks_v1_trade_MSFT.json
./ampybusctl validate-fixture --file examples/news_v1_raw.json
# Validate all fixtures in directory
./ampybusctl validate-fixture --dir examples/
🎯 Running All Examples
1. Start Required Services:
# Start NATS with JetStream (REQUIRED for ampy-bus)
docker run -d --name nats -p 4222:4222 nats:2.10 -js
# Start Redpanda (Kafka-compatible)
docker run -d --name redpanda -p 9092:9092 -p 9644:9644 \
redpandadata/redpanda:latest redpanda start --overprovisioned --smp 1 --memory 1G
2. Build All Tools:
make build
3. Run Go Examples:
# Basic roundtrip
go run examples/go/simple_roundtrip/main.go
# Advanced NATS pub/sub
go run examples/go/nats_pubsub/main.go
# Message replayer
go run examples/go/replayer/main.go
4. Run Python Examples:
# Install Python package
pip install -e .[nats]
# Basic roundtrip
python python/examples/simple_roundtrip.py
# Publisher
python python/examples/py_nats_pub.py
# Subscriber
python python/examples/py_nats_sub.py
# DLQ operations
python python/examples/py_dlq_inspect.py
python python/examples/py_dlq_redrive.py
python python/examples/py_send_poison.py
5. Test CLI Tools:
# NATS operations
./ampybusctl pub-empty --topic ampy.prod.bars.v1.XNAS.AAPL \
--producer test@cli --source test --pk XNAS.AAPL
./ampybusctl sub --subject "ampy.prod.bars.v1.>"
# Kafka operations
./kafkabusctl ensure-topic --brokers 127.0.0.1:9092 \
--topic ampy.prod.bars.v1.XNAS.AAPL --partitions 3
./kafkabusctl pub-empty --brokers 127.0.0.1:9092 \
--topic ampy.prod.bars.v1.XNAS.AAPL \
--producer test@cli --source test --pk XNAS.AAPL
# Inspection tools
./kafkainspect --brokers 127.0.0.1:9092 \
--topic ampy.prod.bars.v1.XNAS.AAPL --group inspector --max 5
📖 Documentation
The sections above provide a practical introduction to using ampy-bus. For complete technical details, see:
- Problem Statement & Design Principles - Why ampy-bus exists and core design principles
- Topic Taxonomy - Standardized topic naming conventions
- Envelope & Headers - Required and optional message headers
- Delivery Semantics - Ordering guarantees by domain
- Error Handling & DLQ - Retry, backpressure, and dead letter queue behavior
- Replay & Backfill - Historical data replay capabilities
- Observability - Metrics, logging, and tracing standards
- Security & Compliance - Security requirements and auditability
- Performance Targets - Latency and throughput SLOs
- Domain Examples - Complete envelope examples for each domain
🤝 Contributing
- Open an issue describing changes to topics/headers/QoS before sending PRs
- Include golden envelopes and tests for any new domain
- Follow semantic versioning for header changes (additive only)
📄 License
Apache-2.0 (patent-grant, enterprise-friendly)
1) Problem Statement
AmpyFin is a modular, self‑learning trading system. Teams naturally want different transports (Kafka vs NATS) and different ingestion sources (Databento C++, yfinance Go, Tiingo, Marketbeat, FX rates, etc.). Without a shared messaging contract, systems drift:
- Schema drift & bespoke adapters between services
- Ambiguous delivery semantics (ordering, idempotency, retries)
- Poor replayability for research and audits
- Inconsistent metrics/logging across services
ampy-bus solves this by specifying the contract, not the broker—so modules can be swapped or scaled independently with zero message‑shape drift and predictable delivery semantics.
2) Mission & Success Criteria
Mission
Provide a single, consistent messaging layer for all AmpyFin subsystems such that modules are independently deployable and replayable.
Success looks like
- Any producer can emit
ampy-protopayloads with identical envelopes and headers; any consumer can parse them without adapters. - Topics and headers encode schema identity, lineage, and version, enabling deterministic replays/audits.
- Clear QoS tiers and ordering keys by domain (e.g.,
(symbol, mic)for prices,client_order_idfor orders). - Observed latency and throughput meet SLOs across live and replay paths.
- Backpressure, retries, DLQ, and recovery behaviors are consistent and testable.
3) Scope (What ampy-bus Covers)
- Transport‑agnostic contract for topics, envelopes, headers, keys, ordering, retries, DLQ, replay, and observability.
- Domain‑specific guidance: bars, ticks, news, FX, fundamentals, corporate actions, universe, signals, orders, fills, positions, metrics.
- Performance & SLO targets, backpressure handling, and capacity planning guidance.
- Security & compliance norms for trading workloads (authn/z, TLS, PII policy, auditability).
- Helper libraries: Go (NATS/Kafka clients), Python helpers for envelope encode/decode and validation.
Non‑goals: No broker‑specific configuration or business logic. No repository layout in this README.
4) Design Principles
ampy-protois the source of truth for payloads (e.g.,ampy.bars.v1.BarBatch). No new payload shapes.- Envelope wraps payload with headers for lineage, routing, and observability.
- Time is UTC. Distinguish:
event_time(market/source),ingest_time(ingestion),as_of(logical processing time). - Stable identity via
SecurityIdwhere securities are referenced. - Idempotency by default: stable
message_id(UUIDv7) plus domaindedupe_keywhen available. - Compatibility: additive evolution only within a major; breaking changes bump the payload major version (
v2topics). - Serialization:
application/x-protobuf(primary). Optional diagnostic JSON for human inspection only. - Compression: if payload > 128 KiB,
content_encoding="gzip"and compress the bytes. - Size limits: target < 1 MiB; otherwise use object‑storage pointer pattern (§10).
5) Topic Taxonomy & Namespacing
Canonical pattern (slashes shown for readability; use . separators in broker subjects when appropriate):
ampy.{env}.{domain}.{version}.{subtopic}
env:dev|paper|proddomain:bars|ticks|fundamentals|news|fx|corporate_actions|universe|signals|orders|fills|positions|metrics|dlq|controlversion:v1,v2(mirrors payload major version inampy-proto)subtopic: domain‑specific segment(s) to enforce locality & ordering, e.g.:bars:{mic}.{symbol}→XNAS.AAPLticks:trade.{symbol}orquote.{symbol}news:rawornlpfx:ratesor{base}.{quote}signals:{model_id}(e.g.,hyper@2025-09-05)orders:requestsfills:eventspositions:snapshotsmetrics:{service}
Examples
ampy.prod.bars.v1.XNAS.AAPLampy.paper.orders.v1.requestsampy.prod.signals.v1.hyper@2025-09-05
Consumers may subscribe using broker‑native wildcards/prefixes; producers should publish to concrete subjects.
6) Envelope & Headers (Contract)
Each published record = Envelope + Payload (ampy-proto bytes).
6.1 Required Headers
| Header | Type | Example | Purpose |
|---|---|---|---|
message_id |
UUIDv7 | 018F5E2F-9B1C-76AA-8F7A-3B1D8F3EA0C2 |
Global unique id; sortable for time‑ordering; dedupe anchor |
schema_fqdn |
string | ampy.bars.v1.BarBatch |
Exact payload message type (ampy-proto) |
schema_version |
semver | 1.0.0 |
Schema minor/patch for diagnostics; major is in topic |
content_type |
string | application/x-protobuf |
Serialization hint |
content_encoding |
string | gzip (or omitted) |
Compression indicator |
produced_at |
RFC3339 UTC | 2025-09-05T19:31:01Z |
When producer created this record |
producer |
string | yfinance-go@ingest-1 |
Logical service instance id |
source |
string | yfinance-go | databento-cpp |
Upstream/source system identity |
run_id |
string | live_0912 |
Correlates records for a pipeline run/session |
trace_id / span_id |
W3C traceparent | 00-... |
End‑to‑end tracing |
partition_key |
string | XNAS.AAPL |
Sharding/ordering key (domain‑specific) |
6.2 Optional Headers
dedupe_key— domain idempotency key (e.g.,client_order_id, newsid)retry_count— incremented on republish after failuredlq_reason— set by infrastructure when routing to DLQschema_hash— hash of compiled schema for defensive checksblob_ref,blob_hash,blob_size— pointer pattern for oversized payloads (§10)
7) Delivery Semantics, Ordering & Keys (by Domain)
The helper libraries will implement transport‑specific bindings that respect these logical guarantees.
Defaults
- QoS: at‑least‑once with idempotent consumers
- Ordering: guaranteed within a partition key
Recommended Keys & Guarantees
| Domain | Partition/Ordering Key | Notes |
|---|---|---|
bars |
(symbol, mic) → XNAS.AAPL |
Monotonic by event_time within key |
ticks |
(symbol, mic); subtopics trade./quote. |
Extremely high‑rate; separate subtopics |
news |
id |
Dedupe by id |
fx |
(base, quote) |
Snapshot semantics; latest wins |
fundamentals |
(symbol, mic, period_end, source) |
Consumers handle restatements |
universe |
universe_id |
Snapshots monotonic in as_of |
signals |
(model_id, symbol, mic, horizon) |
Latest prior to expires_at wins |
orders |
client_order_id |
Strict causal order submit → amend/cancel |
fills |
(account_id, client_order_id) |
Arrival may be out‑of‑order; accumulate |
positions |
(account_id, symbol, mic) |
Monotonic as_of per key |
metrics |
(service, metric_name) |
Counters/gauges semantics |
8) Error Handling, Retries, Backpressure, DLQ
- Producer retries: exponential backoff with jitter; ceilings per QoS class
- Consumer retries: bounded attempts; on persistent failure → DLQ with original headers +
dlq_reason - Backpressure: consumers signal lag (transport‑specific) → producers reduce batch size/pause low‑priority topics
- Poison pills: decode or contract violations → DLQ + metrics/alerts; never drop silently
- Idempotency: consumers dedupe by
message_idand domaindedupe_key(if present)
9) Large Payloads — Object Storage Pointer Pattern
If payload exceeds thresholds:
- Publish a pointer envelope with
blob_ref(e.g.,s3://bucket/key?versionId=...) and metadata (blob_hash,blob_size). - Consumers fetch object out‑of‑band, validate hash, then process.
- Replays retain blobs for the retention window.
10) Replay & Backfill
- Time‑window replay for time‑series domains (bars/ticks/news/fx): specify
[start, end)in UTC - Key‑scoped replay for orders/fills/positions: by
(account_id, client_order_id)or(account_id, symbol, mic) - Idempotent sinks: replays must be no‑ops on previously applied effects
- Checkpointing: consumers persist high‑watermarks (time or offset) per key/partition
- Retention: ≥ 7 days live logs (prod), ≥ 30 days analytical cluster; longer for compliance domains
Control Topic
ampy.{env}.control.v1.replay_requests carries ampy.control.v1.ReplayRequest payloads.
11) Observability: Metrics, Logs, Traces
Standard Metrics (examples)
bus.produced_total{topic,producer}— counterbus.consumed_total{topic,consumer}— counterbus.delivery_latency_ms{topic}— histogram (p50/p95/p99)bus.batch_size_bytes{topic}— histogrambus.consumer_lag{topic,consumer}— gaugebus.dlq_total{topic,reason}— counterbus.retry_total{topic,reason}— counterbus.decode_fail_total{topic,reason}— counter
Logging
Structured JSON with message_id, trace_id, topic, producer|consumer, result (ok|retry|dlq), latency_ms. Do not log payloads.
Tracing
Propagate W3C traceparent; spans for publish, route, consume, and downstream handling.
12) Security & Compliance
- Encryption in transit: TLS/mTLS
- AuthN/Z: topic‑level ACLs (read/write); producers/consumers authenticate
- PII policy: forbidden in bus payloads; orders must not contain customer PII
- Auditability: headers + payload hashes enable forensic reconstruction
- Secrets: retrieved via
ampy-config(never hardcode) - Tenancy:
dev/paper/prodnamespaces
API keys / credentials: None required by
ampy-busitself. Broker bindings will need credentials (e.g., NATS auth token or Kafka SASL), and some producers (Marketbeat, Tiingo) may need API keys. We’ll prompt for those during binding setup.
13) Performance Targets (SLOs)
- Latency (publish → first delivery)
- Orders/Signals/Fills: p99 ≤ 50 ms (same‑AZ)
- Bars/Ticks: p99 ≤ 150 ms
- Payload size: < 1 MiB (typical 32–256 KiB); compress large batches
- Availability: ≥ 99.9% monthly for prod bus plane
- Recovery: RPO ≤ 5 min, RTO ≤ 15 min (documented procedures)
14) Domain‑Specific Envelope Examples
Shape and semantics only. Payload bodies are
ampy-protomessage types.
14.1 Bars batch (adjusted, 1‑minute)
Envelope:
topic: "ampy.prod.bars.v1.XNAS.AAPL"
headers: {
"message_id": "018f5e2f-9b1c-76aa-8f7a-3b1d8f3ea0c2",
"schema_fqdn": "ampy.bars.v1.BarBatch",
"schema_version": "1.0.0",
"content_type": "application/x-protobuf",
"produced_at": "2025-09-05T19:31:01Z",
"producer": "yfinance-go@ingest-1",
"source": "yfinance-go",
"run_id": "run_abc123",
"trace_id": "4b5b3f2a0f9d4e3db4c8a1f0e3a7c812",
"partition_key": "XNAS.AAPL"
}
Payload:
BarBatch (multiple Bar records for 19:30–19:31 window, adjusted=true)
14.2 Trade tick
Envelope:
topic: "ampy.prod.ticks.v1.trade.MSFT"
headers: {
"message_id": "018f5e30-1a3b-7f9e-bccc-1e12a1c3e0d9",
"schema_fqdn": "ampy.ticks.v1.TradeTick",
"schema_version": "1.0.0",
"content_type": "application/x-protobuf",
"produced_at": "2025-09-05T19:30:12.462Z",
"producer": "databento-cpp@tick-ingest-3",
"source": "databento-cpp",
"run_id": "live_0912",
"trace_id": "a0c1b2d3e4f5061728394a5b6c7d8e9f",
"partition_key": "MSFT.XNAS"
}
Payload:
TradeTick (event_time=...; price/size; venue=XNAS)
14.3 News item (dedupe by id)
Envelope:
topic: "ampy.prod.news.v1.raw"
headers: {
"message_id": "018f5e31-0e1d-7b2a-9f7c-41acef2b9f01",
"schema_fqdn": "ampy.news.v1.NewsItem",
"schema_version": "1.0.0",
"content_type": "application/x-protobuf",
"produced_at": "2025-09-05T13:05:15Z",
"producer": "marketbeat-go@news-2",
"source": "marketbeat-go",
"run_id": "news_live_37",
"trace_id": "f2b1c7d9c4c34b3a9d0e4f5a9e2d8b11",
"partition_key": "marketbeat:2025-09-05:amzn-headline-8b12c6",
"dedupe_key": "marketbeat:2025-09-05:amzn-headline-8b12c6"
}
Payload:
NewsItem (headline/body/tickers; published_at=...; sentiment_score_bp=240)
14.4 FX snapshot
Envelope:
topic: "ampy.prod.fx.v1.rates"
headers: {
"message_id": "018f5e31-3c55-76af-9421-fd10ce9bba75",
"schema_fqdn": "ampy.fx.v1.FxRate",
"schema_version": "1.0.0",
"content_type": "application/x-protobuf",
"produced_at": "2025-09-05T19:30:00Z",
"producer": "fxrates-go@fx-1",
"source": "fxrates-go",
"run_id": "fx_145",
"trace_id": "2f0a3c6e9b574c5e8b7a6d5c4b3a2f19",
"partition_key": "USD.JPY"
}
Payload:
FxRate (bid/ask/mid; as_of=...)
14.5 Signal (ALPHA) and OMS order request
Envelope:
topic: "ampy.prod.signals.v1.hyper@2025-09-05"
headers: {
"message_id": "018f5e32-7f1a-74d2-9a11-b53f54d8a911",
"schema_fqdn": "ampy.signals.v1.Signal",
"schema_version": "1.0.0",
"content_type": "application/x-protobuf",
"produced_at": "2025-09-05T19:31:03Z",
"producer": "ampy-model-server@mdl-1",
"source": "ampy-model-server",
"run_id": "live_0912",
"trace_id": "1c2d3e4f5061728394a5b6c7d8e9fa0b",
"partition_key": "hyper@2025-09-05|NVDA.XNAS"
}
Payload:
Signal (type=ALPHA; score=-0.3450; horizon=5d)
Envelope:
topic: "ampy.prod.orders.v1.requests"
headers: {
"message_id": "018f5e32-9b2a-7cde-9333-4f1ab2a49e77",
"schema_fqdn": "ampy.orders.v1.OrderRequest",
"schema_version": "1.0.0",
"content_type": "application/x-protobuf",
"produced_at": "2025-09-05T19:31:05Z",
"producer": "ampy-oms@oms-2",
"source": "ampy-oms",
"run_id": "live_trading_44",
"trace_id": "9f8e7d6c5b4a39281706f5e4d3c2b1a0",
"partition_key": "co_20250905_001",
"dedupe_key": "co_20250905_001"
}
Payload:
OrderRequest (account_id=ALPACA-LIVE-01; side=BUY; limit_price=191.9900)
14.6 Fill and Position snapshots
Envelope:
topic: "ampy.prod.fills.v1.events"
headers: {
"message_id": "018f5e33-0a1b-71e3-980f-bcaa4c11902a",
"schema_fqdn": "ampy.fills.v1.Fill",
"schema_version": "1.0.0",
"content_type": "application/x-protobuf",
"produced_at": "2025-09-05T19:31:06Z",
"producer": "broker-alpaca@alp-1",
"source": "broker-alpaca",
"run_id": "live_trading_44",
"trace_id": "0a1b2c3d4e5f60718293a4b5c6d7e8f9",
"partition_key": "ALPACA-LIVE-01|co_20250905_001"
}
Payload:
Fill (partial fill; price/quantity; venue=ALPACA)
Envelope:
topic: "ampy.prod.positions.v1.snapshots"
headers: {
"message_id": "018f5e33-4b7d-72ac-8d24-d0a3e1b4c1e3",
"schema_fqdn": "ampy.positions.v1.Position",
"schema_version": "1.0.0",
"content_type": "application/x-protobuf",
"produced_at": "2025-09-05T19:35:00Z",
"producer": "ampy-position-pnl@pnl-1",
"source": "ampy-position-pnl",
"run_id": "live_trading_44",
"trace_id": "1029384756abcdef0123456789abcdef",
"partition_key": "ALPACA-LIVE-01|AAPL.XNAS"
}
Payload:
Position (quantity/avg_price/unrealized/realized pnl; as_of=...)
14.7 Metrics
Envelope:
topic: "ampy.prod.metrics.v1.ampy-oms"
headers: {
"message_id": "018f5e34-3b21-7c1f-b8e2-31b9e7fda4d0",
"schema_fqdn": "ampy.metrics.v1.Metric",
"schema_version": "1.0.0",
"content_type": "application/x-protobuf",
"produced_at": "2025-09-05T19:31:05Z",
"producer": "ampy-oms@oms-2",
"source": "ampy-oms",
"run_id": "live_trading_44",
"trace_id": "abcdef0123456789abcdef0123456789",
"partition_key": "ampy-oms|oms.order_rejects"
}
Payload:
Metric (name=oms.order_rejects; labels={broker:alpaca, env:prod, reason:risk_check}; value=1)
14.8 DLQ example
Envelope:
topic: "ampy.prod.dlq.v1.bars"
headers: {
"message_id": "018f5e35-0f42-7a31-9e77-1c2a9b11d0ef",
"schema_fqdn": "ampy.bars.v1.BarBatch",
"schema_version": "1.0.0",
"content_type": "application/x-protobuf",
"produced_at": "2025-09-05T19:31:02Z",
"producer": "bus-router@plane-1",
"source": "ampy-bus",
"run_id": "bus_20250905",
"trace_id": "feedfacecafebeef0011223344556677",
"partition_key": "XNAS.AAPL",
"dlq_reason": "decode_error: invalid decimal scale"
}
Payload:
(original payload bytes preserved; access controlled; include hash)
15) Broker Bindings (Implementation Guidance)
ampy-bus defines logical contracts. Helper libraries will implement:
15.1 NATS (suggested)
- Subject maps to topic (with
.separators). partition_keyinfluences subject tokenization or JetStream stream sharding.- Headers carried via NATS message headers.
- JetStream for durability, ack/replay, and consumer lag metrics.
15.2 Kafka (optional/parallel)
- Topic =
ampy.{env}.{domain}.{version};subtopicmapped to record key or additional topic segments. partition_keyused as Kafka key to guarantee per‑key order.- Headers map to Kafka record headers; consumer groups manage offsets/lag.
Choose either or both. Contracts remain identical; only the binding differs.
16) Validation & Testing (What “Good” Looks Like)
- Golden Envelopes: ≥ 3 per domain (typical, minimal, edge/large).
- Cross‑language round‑trip: Protobuf (Go/Python/C++) identical.
- Ordering tests: per‑key monotonicity under concurrency.
- Idempotency tests: duplicates by
message_idanddedupe_keyare no‑ops. - Replay tests: time‑window & key‑scoped replays do not double‑apply effects.
- Fault injection: drop/duplicate/reorder/corrupt → DLQ + alerts.
- Load tests: validate SLOs; backpressure signals propagate.
17) Security & Compliance Testing
- mTLS/TLS enforced; cert rotation validated.
- ACLs: producers/consumers limited to permitted topics.
- Audit tabletop: reconstruct a trading session from envelopes (headers + payload hashes).
- Retention: meets policy for orders/fills compliance.
18) Acceptance Criteria (Definition of Done for v1)
- Topic taxonomy, envelope header set, and per‑domain keys/ordering are finalized and documented.
- Golden envelope examples exist for every domain (≥3 each).
- SLO & capacity targets are documented and validated by load tests.
- Replay, DLQ, and backpressure behaviors are proven via fault‑injection tests.
- Security posture (TLS, ACLs, auditability) verified; no PII traverses the bus.
- Integration note maps each AmpyFin service to required topics and headers.
19) End‑to‑End Narrative (Cross‑Domain Flow)
- yfinance‑go publishes bars.v1 batches for
AAPL@XNASwithpartition_key="XNAS.AAPL"; compressed if needed. - ampy‑features consumes bars, emits features internally, and ampy‑model‑server publishes signals.v1 (
ALPHAscores) tosignals/hyper@.... - ampy‑ensemble consumes multiple signals, emits final ACTION signals.
- ampy‑oms converts actions into orders.v1 on
orders/requestskeyed byclient_order_id, ensuring strict per‑order causality. - broker‑alpaca publishes fills.v1, and ampy‑position‑pnl updates positions.v1 snapshots.
- All services emit metrics.v1; dashboards show latency, lag, retries, and DLQ counts.
- If a gap is detected, an operator posts a ReplayRequest (control topic); consumers reprocess idempotently.
20) Integration Notes (per AmpyFin subsystem)
- Data Ingestion: Databento C++ (ticks), Tiingo/yfinance Go (bars/fundamentals), Marketbeat Go (news), custom FX‑rates Go client (USD/EUR/JPY/KRW etc.). All publish to bus with the same envelopes/headers.
- Research/ML: feature extraction and model inference consume bars/ticks/news/fundamentals; publish
signals.v1. - Execution: OMS consumes signals; publishes
orders.v1and consumesfills.v1; positions calculated and published. - Monitoring: all services publish
metrics.v1to a metrics sink; alerts on DLQ spikes/lag/latency. - Compliance: orders/fills/positions retained per policy; audit derives from headers and payload hashes.
21) Roadmap (post‑v1)
- Helper SDKs:
ampy-bus-goandampy-bus-py(envelopes, validation, tracing hooks, codecs). - CLI tools: produce/consume/replay testers; DLQ inspector.
- Schema registry hooks: signature checks and schema hash enforcement.
- Reference bindings: NATS JetStream and Kafka examples.
- Benchmarks: publicly documented latency/throughput across brokers.
22) FAQ
Q: Why Protobuf instead of Avro/JSON?
Protobuf gives compact, fast, cross‑language serialization and already underpins ampy-proto.
Q: Can we use both NATS and Kafka?
Yes. Contracts are transport‑agnostic. Bindings map headers/keys appropriately.
Q: Where do API keys live?
In each binding/producer via ampy-config or broker‑native secret stores. Never in code or headers.
Q: How do we handle currency conversions/news IDs/etc.?
Those are producers (e.g., FX Go client, Marketbeat Go) that emit domain payloads. The bus contract remains unchanged.
23) Contributing
- Open an issue describing changes to topics/headers/QoS before sending PRs.
- Include golden envelopes and tests for any new domain.
- Follow semantic versioning for header changes (additive only) and bump payload major in topics for breaking payload changes.
24) License
Proposed: Apache‑2.0 (patent‑grant, enterprise‑friendly). Confirm before first release.
25) Badges / About (GitHub)
About:
“Transport‑agnostic messaging conventions & helpers for AmpyFin. Standard topics, headers, QoS, replay, and observability over NATS or Kafka. Payloads are ampy-proto.”
Topics: trading-systems, messaging, protobuf, nats, kafka, event-driven, fintech, observability, slo, open-source, ampyfin
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|---|---|---|
| SHA256 |
ba3ff5ea2f228b860564fcf1e4be642fbb496dd13adc1d4ffec7f7f11bbc0776
|
|
| MD5 |
7b5251ed5f438b30187e833932201223
|
|
| BLAKE2b-256 |
729580458bf72ff5195f6b43c8e47632ffa5e96f2032d69aa599451335d938bc
|