HEIR: Homomorphic Encryption Intermediate Representation

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An MLIR-based toolchain for homomorphic encryption compilers. Read the docs at the HEIR website.

For more information on MLIR, see the MLIR homepage.

Quickstart

There are currently three ways to use HEIR:

  • Use bazel and rules_heir with either the OpenFHE or Lattigo backends.
  • Install OpenFHE and use the heir_py Python package.
  • Install HEIR from source and invoke the heir-opt and heir-translate binaries directly, extracting the generated backend code and integrating it into your project manually.

See Getting Started for more details.

Building from source

This project uses bazel for its build system. Install bazelisk to manage the bazel version automatically. Then, with bazel on your path (pointing to bazelisk), run the following to build the main pass-running tool.

bazel build //tools:heir-opt

Or run an end-to-end test like

bazel test //tests/Examples/openfhe/ckks/halevi_shoup_matvec:all

HEIR depends on LLVM (from source) so a clean build may take 30 minutes depending on your machine. For faster builds, use BuildBuddy. Sign up for an account, create an API key, and add the following to .bazelrc.user in the root of the HEIR workspace:

common --remote_header=x-buildbuddy-api-key=<YOUR_API_KEY>
common --config=remote

This should reduce a clean build time to about 5 minutes.

See the bazel tips page for more example commands and tips on using bazel.

Supported backends and schemes

Backend Library BGV BFV CKKS CGGI
OpenFHE ✅ ✅ ✅ ❌
Lattigo ✅ ✅ ✅ ❌
tfhe-rs ❌ ❌ ❌ ✅
Jaxite ❌ ❌ ❌ ✅

Note some backends do not support all schemes.

Contributing

There are many ways to contribute to HEIR:

Citations

The HEIR project can be cited in academic work through the following entry:

@misc{ali2025heir,
      title={HEIR: A Universal Compiler for Homomorphic Encryption},
      author={Asra Ali and Jaeho Choi and Bryant Gipson and Shruthi Gorantala
              and Jeremy Kun and Wouter Legiest and Lawrence Lim and Alexander
              Viand and Meron Zerihun Demissie and Hongren Zheng},
      year={2025},
      eprint={2508.11095},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CR},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.11095},
}

Support disclaimer

This is not an officially supported Google product.

Project links

Key dates

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Latest release

1 maintainer

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Avatar for alexanderviand from gravatar.com alexanderviand

Credits

Author: Jeremy Kun

License expression

MIT AND Apache-2.0
View SPDX License List

Requires

Python >=3.10

Provides Extra

python openfhe dev

Classifiers

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