Browser Automation CLI

If you are an LLM using this tool, read SKILL.md: or run browser install skill to add it to Claude Code / Codex / OpenCode. (AGENTS.md is for agents developing this repo.)

A lightweight, self-hosted browser automation tool with a background daemon and CLI client. Enables authenticated web automation, screenshots, compact page snapshots, and page interactions via simple CLI commands. Share the SKILL.md file with your coding agent harness for seamless integration.

Why This Exists

Coding agents need to interact with authenticated web apps. Existing solutions all have tradeoffs:

• Chrome DevTools MCP: requires Node.js, per-agent MCP server configuration, Google telemetry by default, and complex setup for each coding agent
• BrowserMCP and similar tools: require installing Chrome extensions, tie into specific ecosystems, and use MCP which bloats the agent's context window with tool definitions and protocol overhead
• Playwright/Puppeteer scripts: require writing code for every interaction, no persistent auth state
• AI browser frameworks: heavy, opinionated, and framework-locked

Browser CLI solves this with a persistent daemon that any agent can call via subprocess. No extensions, no MCP config, no SDKs, no ecosystem lock-in. Sessions persist across agent calls (and daemon restarts) so you only log in once.

Benchmarks

On BU Bench V1 (browser-use's 100-task benchmark, opus-4-7, scored by their gemini-2.5-flash judge), Claude Code + browser-automation-cli tops every published harness × browser-tool configuration:

Methodology and per-task scores: benchmarks/busbench/.

Install

uv tool install browser-automation-cli
browser install

If commands are not found after install, add ~/.local/bin to your PATH:

export PATH="$HOME/.local/bin:$PATH"

Quick Start

1. Create a session (the daemon auto-starts)

browser create   # first command starts the daemon in the background (0.5.0+)

Nothing visible opens: the daemon runs Chromium headless. Manage it yourself with browser daemon (or the legacy browser-daemon alias) if you prefer; BROWSER_NO_AUTOSTART=1 disables auto-start.

2. Log in when a site needs it

browser create --show     # opens a window so you can log in; `browser <id> hide` afterwards

A session is an isolated browser profile (cookies, storage). Log into any sites you need while the window is shown; the agent drives it hidden afterwards. Sessions survive daemon restarts.

3. Run browser actions

browser <id> navigate https://github.com
browser <id> snapshot                      # interactive elements, one line each, with @refs
browser <id> click @e7                     # click by ref from the snapshot
browser <id> click --text "Sign in"        # or by visible text / role / label
browser <id> type --label "Username" octocat
browser <id> screenshot                    # JPEG saved under ~/.browser-daemon/shots/

A snapshot looks like this (Cloudflare login, 245 tokens):

url: https://dash.cloudflare.com/login
title: Cloudflare Dashboard | Manage Your Account
@e2 link "Sign up" href="/sign-up"
h1 "Sign in to Cloudflare"
@e3 button "Continue with Google"
@e7 textbox "Email"
@e8 textbox "Password" type="password"
@e10 checkbox "Save email and login method on this device"
@e11 button "Sign in" [disabled]

4. Manage sessions

browser list                  # JSON (--table for humans)
browser <id> show | hide      # move between a visible window and headless
browser <id> delete
browser shutdown              # stop the daemon; sessions are saved and restored next start

Commands Reference

Standalone (no daemon)

browser capture <url> [-f] [-o <path>]     # headless viewport screenshot (-f = full page)
browser install [--all]                    # download headless Chromium (Chrome for Testing, ~196 MB);
                                           # the headed build (~356 MB) downloads on first `show`, or now with --all
browser engine [auto|managed|system|<path>]  # use your installed Chrome/Edge/Brave instead (zero download);
                                           # auto = managed build if downloaded, else the system browser
browser profile [status]                   # by DEFAULT sessions use a persistent "default" profile:
                                           # the first session opens a window to sign in, every later
                                           # session reuses that login. Manage it with:
browser profile <name> | new <name>        #   switch to / create a named persistent profile
browser profile delete <name>              #   delete a profile + its logins (each is a full Chrome
                                           #   profile, ~100 MB+; delete ones you no longer need)
browser profile ephemeral                  #   make throwaway the default for new sessions
browser create --profile <name>            #   per-session: this session uses its own persistent login
browser create --ephemeral                 #   per-session: throwaway, isolated
browser <id> show | hide                   #   flip a profile visible<->headless seamlessly (sessions kept)
                                           #   (different --profile = concurrent & isolated; same = shared tabs)
browser cleanup                            # kill Chromium processes launched from Playwright's cache
browser install skill                      # install the agent skill into Claude Code / Codex / OpenCode

Sessions

Page commands

All print JSON (snapshot prints text). Add -s / --snapshot to any action to get a fresh snapshot in the same call.

Targets: @e12 (ref from snapshot, preferred) · CSS selector · text=Create · role=button[name=Create] · label=Email · placeholder=Search · or flags --text / --role [--name] / --label / --placeholder. Ambiguous CSS selectors are refused (strict mode) instead of clicking the first match. For canvas / vision cases with no DOM target, click --at X,Y clicks raw viewport pixels (take a screenshot first; its pixels map 1:1 to click coordinates).

Architecture

• Daemon (browser-daemon): Unix socket server (~/.browser-daemon/socket, mode 600) owning a headless Chromium, plus a headed one that exists only while some session is shown.
• CLI (browser): a native Rust binary driving Chrome over raw CDP, ~2 ms per call, no Python/Node at runtime.
• Sessions: one isolated browser context each. Hidden sessions are frozen after 10 s idle (script execution paused, ~3% CPU on animated dashboards; callbacks that fire while frozen are dropped, so BROWSER_FREEZE_AFTER=0 disables it) and hibernated to ~/.browser-daemon/sessions/<id>.json (cookies + storage + URL) after 10 min idle or on shutdown; they are rehydrated transparently on the next command. Tune with BROWSER_FREEZE_AFTER / BROWSER_HIBERNATE_AFTER (seconds).
• Resource profile (M4, Cloudflare dashboard parked in a session): 2% CPU / 1.1 GB vs 264% CPU / 2.1 GB for v0.2. See benchmarks/ for methodology and measurements.

Anti-Detection

• navigator.webdriver hidden via add_init_script
• Desktop Chrome user agent derived from the actual Chromium version
• 1280x800 viewport (desktop layouts; same size Anthropic/OpenAI computer-use tooling targets)

Output Format

Action responses:

{"success": true, "url": "https://github.com", "title": "GitHub"}

Errors (exit code 1):

{"success": false, "error": "ref @e9 is unknown or stale (page changed); run snapshot again"}

snapshot --json:

{"success": true, "url": "...", "title": "...", "scrollY": 0, "viewportHeight": 800, "viewportWidth": 1280, "documentHeight": 2400,
 "elements": [{"ref": "e3", "role": "button", "name": "Create", "pos": "", "box": [912, 640, 88, 36]}]}

Using with Coding Agents

Run browser install skill to install SKILL.md into Claude Code / Codex / OpenCode, or share the file with any other harness.

Implementation

Written entirely in Rust, one binary (browser, with a daemon subcommand) plus a browser-daemon compat shim, driving Chrome over raw CDP via a websocket. No Python, Playwright, or Node at runtime: browser install downloads the Chrome-for-Testing build directly, and capture is native too. ~2 ms per call, daemon RSS −90 MB vs the old Python build, frame- and shadow-DOM-aware snapshots. See the benchmarks/ directory for measurements. Since 0.4.0 the PyPI package ships these binaries under the same name (wheels for Linux x86_64/aarch64, macOS arm64/x86_64).

cargo build --release
./target/release/browser list          # the daemon auto-starts (`browser daemon` runs it in the foreground)

Development

cargo build --release
BROWSER_CLI=$PWD/target/release/browser BROWSER_DAEMON=$PWD/target/release/browser-daemon \
  python3 -m unittest -v tests/test_cli.py                        # end-to-end tests (needs python3 + a Chromium)
python3 benchmarks/performance-test/run.py <label>               # benchmark (latency, tokens, idle CPU/RSS)
python3 benchmarks/performance-test/compare.py baseline <label>

Troubleshooting

Installing the binaries

curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jshan9078/browser-automation-cli/main/install.sh | sh

or simply uv tool install browser-automation-cli (the PyPI wheels are the Rust binaries). The script installs browser and browser-daemon into ~/.local/bin (set BROWSER_CLI_BIN to change); to build from source: cargo build --release.

Wheel: uvx maturin build --release → uv tool install target/wheels/browser_automation_cli-*.whl.

CI (.github/workflows/rust-wheels.yml) builds wheels for Linux x86_64/aarch64 and macOS arm64/x86_64 on every push touching the Rust sources, runs the end-to-end suite against the Rust daemon on Linux, attaches wheels to the release on v* tags, and publishes to PyPI when a PYPI_API_TOKEN repository secret exists. Windows is not a target: the daemon speaks over a Unix socket.