Clifft

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Clifft is a fast exact simulator for near-Clifford quantum circuits.

Built and maintained by the Unitary Foundation.

Clifft accepts Stim-format circuits, extends them with non-Clifford gates, and compiles them into symbolic-coordinate sampling plans. It is designed for circuits whose dominant structure is Clifford, but whose behavior depends on localized non-Clifford operations.

The dense active state has 2^k amplitudes, where k is its active width. The main simulation cost therefore scales with 2^k, rather than directly with the total number of physical qubits n. Non-Clifford operations can increase k, while measurements can reduce it.

Clifft's original design established this factored active-state architecture, described in the Clifft paper. SymFT, by Wang Fang, Huazhe Lou, and Riling Li, is the second-generation successor to SOFT. Its planner builds on SOFT's generalized-stabilizer simulation and Clifft's dense active-state representation. SymFT adds symbolic Clifford-Pauli-frame factorization, adaptive stabilizer-coordinate planning, and direct multi-coordinate kernels. Clifft's current sampler adopts these SymFT developments alongside Clifft-specific compiler, continuation, and API machinery. See the theoretical overview for the fuller lineage and implementation boundaries. The symbolic sampling update explains the migration from the original SVM and reports matched release-target benchmarks.

Why Clifft?

  • Stim-compatible format and API: parse Stim-format circuits with noise, detectors, observables, and repeat blocks, plus non-Clifford extensions.
  • Exact near-Clifford simulation: simulate localized non-Clifford effects without approximating the quantum state.
  • Optimizing compiler pipeline: resolve Clifford coordinates and symbolic dependencies once, then sample many shots from a prepared plan.
  • Active-width scaling: for low-magic circuits, runtime and memory scale with the localized active state rather than the full Hilbert space.

For QEC workflows, Clifft also supports detector-based post-selection, survivor sampling, and stratified importance sampling for rare-event estimation.

An experimental AMD HIP backend is available through an explicit source build and separate API. It is not part of the published wheels or selected automatically.

Performance

Clifft reaches millions of attempted shots per second on several complete near-Clifford circuits using one CPU core. Its compiler keeps the dense quantum state small so that exact near-Clifford simulation can approach the throughput usually associated with specialized Clifford tools.

Clifft v0.10 attempted shots per second across eight near-Clifford workloads

See the Performance guide for comparisons with other simulators, release history, dense Quantum Volume results, and measurement details.

Installation

pip install clifft
Platform / CPU family PyPI wheel
Linux x86_64 with x86-64-v2 support Supported
Linux aarch64 Supported
macOS arm64 Supported
Windows amd64 Supported

All other platforms and CPU families should build from source. See the installation docs.

Quick Start

import clifft

program = clifft.compile("""
    H 0
    CNOT 0 1
    T 2
    M 0 1 2
""")

result = clifft.sample(program, shots=1000, seed=42)
print(result.measurements[:5])

Continue with the Quick Start, or use Choose a Workflow to select an API by the result you need. You can also try Clifft in the web-based interactive playground.

Circuit Inputs

Starting point Path
Stim circuits with Clifft extensions Use the native clifft API for the broadest feature support.
OpenQASM 2 text Pass input_format="qasm2" for supported unitary circuits.
Qiskit QuantumCircuit Use clifft-qiskit, a Qiskit BackendV2 provider.
Cirq cirq.Circuit Use clifft-cirq, a converter and Cirq-style sampler.

See Circuit Inputs for installation commands, minimal examples, and current limitations.

Citation

If you use Clifft in your work, please cite the arXiv preprint below.

@misc{chase2026clifftfastexactsimulation,
      title={Clifft: Fast Exact Simulation of Near-Clifford Quantum Circuits},
      author={Bradley A. Chase and Farrokh Labib},
      year={2026},
      eprint={2604.27058},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={quant-ph},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.27058},
}

Development

See the building from source guide for build instructions.

AI Acknowledgement

We used generative AI tools during parts of the research, software-development, and writing workflow for this project. These tools assisted with code generation and review, implementation analysis, documentation editing, and checks of selected derivations or arguments. All substantive design, validation, and release decisions were made by the human contributors.

Funding

This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Accelerated Research in Quantum Computing under Award Number DE-SC0025336.

This material is also based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, National Quantum Information Science Research Centers, Quantum Science Center.

License

Apache-2.0

Key dates

PyPI data
Data sourced directly from PyPI's database.
  • Released:
Newer release available (0.10.1)

Owner

PyPI data
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2 maintainers

PyPI data
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Avatar for bachase from gravatar.com bachase Avatar for farrokhlabib from gravatar.com farrokhlabib

Credits

Author: Brad Chase

License expression

Apache-2.0
View SPDX License List

Requires

Python >=3.12

Tags

quantum compiler simulation clifford stabilizer

Classifiers

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