cudagrad 0.0.50

A small tensor-valued autograd engine

About

cudagrad is a tensor-valued autograd engine for Python

Any ideas? Open an issue, or email me: [e-mail]!

Installation

Use pip install cudagrad. As a warning, NVIDIA's nvcc compiler must be installed on the system for pip install cudagrad to work, as cudagrad is a C++ extension to Python (using pybind11).

import cudagrad as cg

cg

<module 'cudagrad' from '/home/ryan/.pyenv/versions/3.10.13/lib/python3.10/site-packages/cudagrad/__init__.py'>

Tensor

cudagrad tensors are like PyTorch tensors, except:

• Tensors only use float32
• Tensors requires_grad by default
• The Tensor constructor takes two lists instead of a nested list: cg.Tensor([size], [data])

Tensor __init__

The data list is loaded in row-major order (left to right, top to bottom)

T = cg.Tensor([2, 1], range(2))
T

<cudagrad.Tensor([2, 1, ], [0, 1, ]) object at 0x5640b56640e0>

Great! We made a tensor that is a column matrix with the values of 0, and 1. This would be the same as the following in PyTorch for example:

import torch

torch.tensor([[0], [1]], dtype=torch.float32, requires_grad=True)

tensor([[0.],
        [1.]], requires_grad=True)

If we print this tensor two matrixes are printed, first the data, then the grad:

T.size

[2, 1]

print(T)

[[0],
 [1]]
[[0],
 [0]]

Various operations are supported, far fewer than PyTorch, but I plan to grow this over time... At the moment some basics are supported:

loss = (T + T).sum()
loss

<cudagrad.Tensor([1, ], [2, ]) object at 0x5640baa3c700>

You might wondering why I show the address of the Tensor object, unlike PyTorch. It's because it's helpful for debugging, I use this myself for cudagrad's development.

loss.graph()

0x5640baa3c700 s
  0x5640baa3c640 +
    0x5640b56640e0  
    0x5640b56640e0  

I'm a big fan of introspection.

Tensor Methods

Below is some gross stuff to turn the help(cg.Tensor) into a string.

import contextlib
import io
import re

with io.StringIO() as buf, contextlib.redirect_stdout(buf):
    help(cg.Tensor)
    HELP = re.split("-{5,}", buf.getvalue())

[x[2:].strip() for x in HELP[0].splitlines() if "(self:" in x]

['__add__(self: cudagrad.tensor.Tensor, arg0: cudagrad.tensor.Tensor) -> cudagrad.tensor.Tensor',
 '__getitem__(self: cudagrad.tensor.Tensor, arg0: List[int]) -> cudagrad.tensor.Tensor',
 '__init__(self: cudagrad.tensor.Tensor, arg0: List[int], arg1: List[float]) -> None',
 '__matmul__(self: cudagrad.tensor.Tensor, arg0: cudagrad.tensor.Tensor) -> cudagrad.tensor.Tensor',
 '__mul__(self: cudagrad.tensor.Tensor, arg0: cudagrad.tensor.Tensor) -> cudagrad.tensor.Tensor',
 '__repr__(self: cudagrad.tensor.Tensor) -> str',
 '__setitem__(self: cudagrad.tensor.Tensor, arg0: List[int], arg1: float) -> None',
 '__str__(self: cudagrad.tensor.Tensor) -> str',
 '__sub__(self: cudagrad.tensor.Tensor, arg0: cudagrad.tensor.Tensor) -> cudagrad.tensor.Tensor',
 '__truediv__(self: cudagrad.tensor.Tensor, arg0: cudagrad.tensor.Tensor) -> cudagrad.tensor.Tensor',
 'backward(self: cudagrad.tensor.Tensor) -> None',
 'foo(self: int) -> int',
 'get_shared(self: cudagrad.tensor.Tensor) -> cudagrad.tensor.Tensor',
 'graph(self: cudagrad.tensor.Tensor) -> None',
 'item(self: cudagrad.tensor.Tensor) -> float',
 'relu(self: cudagrad.tensor.Tensor) -> cudagrad.tensor.Tensor',
 'sum(self: cudagrad.tensor.Tensor) -> cudagrad.tensor.Tensor',
 'zero_grad(self: cudagrad.tensor.Tensor) -> None']

Right now this includes the barebones to make a Multi-Layer perceptron:

# python -m pip install cudagrad; python ./examples/example.py
import cudagrad as cg

a = cg.Tensor([2, 2], [2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0])
b = cg.Tensor([2, 2], [6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0])
c = cg.Tensor([2, 2], [10.0, 10.0, 10.0, 10.0])
d = cg.Tensor([2, 2], [11.0, 11.0, 11.0, 11.0])
e = cg.Tensor.relu(((a @ b) + c) * d)
f = e.sum()
f.backward()

print(f.data[[0]])  # awful I know, working on it!
print(f.size)
print(a.grad)
print(b.grad)

[2794]
[0]
[1]
[143.0, 187.0, 143.0, 187.0]
[66.0, 66.0, 88.0, 88.0]

import torch

at = torch.tensor(((2.0, 3.0), (4.0, 5.0)), requires_grad=True)
bt = torch.tensor(((6.0, 7.0), (8.0, 9.0)), requires_grad=True)
ct = torch.tensor(((10.0, 10.0), (10.0, 10.0)), requires_grad=True)
dt = torch.tensor(((11.0, 11.0), (11.0, 11.0)), requires_grad=True)
et = torch.relu(((at @ bt) + ct) * dt)
ft = et.sum()
ft.backward()

print(ft.data)
print(ft.size())
print(at.grad)
print(bt.grad)

tensor(2794.)
torch.Size([])
tensor([[143., 187.],
        [143., 187.]])
tensor([[66., 66.],
        [88., 88.]])

Tensor static methods

[x[2:].strip() for x in HELP[1].splitlines() if "(arg0:" in x]

['explode(arg0: List[int], arg1: float) -> cudagrad.tensor.Tensor',
 'ones(arg0: List[int]) -> cudagrad.tensor.Tensor',
 'rand(arg0: List[int]) -> cudagrad.tensor.Tensor',
 'zeros(arg0: List[int]) -> cudagrad.tensor.Tensor']

These turn out to be very helpful, exlpode is the only way to do broadcast at the moment:

cg.Tensor.explode([2], 4.2)

<cudagrad.Tensor([2, ], [4.2, 4.2, ]) object at 0x5640baa461f0>

Tensor readonly properties

[x[2:].strip() for x in HELP[2].splitlines()[2:] if x[2:].strip() != ""]

['data', 'grad', 'size']

This is what that would look like using PyTorch:

Neural Networks

The neural networks this project provides will be written purely in Python, using only the cudagrad.Tensor. Ideally, this helps improve the Tensor class over time, as it is used to create increasingly complicated neural networks by eating our own dogfood!

Multi-Layer Perceptron

Work in progress!