danom 0.11.0

Functional streams and monads

danom

API Reference

danom API docs

Stream

An immutable lazy iterator with functional operations.

Why bother?

Readability counts, abstracting common operations helps reduce cognitive complexity when reading code.

Comparison

Take this imperative pipeline of operations, it iterates once over the data, skipping the value if it fails one of the filter checks:

>>> res = []
...
>>> for x in range(1_000_000):
...     item = triple(x)
...
...     if not is_gt_ten(item):
...         continue
...
...     item = min_two(item)
...
...     if not is_even_num(item):
...         continue
...
...     item = square(item)
...
...     if not is_lt_400(item):
...         continue
...
...     res.append(item)
>>> [100, 256]

number of tokens: 90

number of keywords: 11

keyword breakdown: {'for': 1, 'in': 1, 'if': 3, 'not': 3, 'continue': 3}

After a bit of experience with python you might use list comprehensions, however this is arguably less clear and iterates multiple times over the same data

>>> mul_three = [triple(x) for x in range(1_000_000)]
>>> gt_ten = [x for x in mul_three if is_gt_ten(x)]
>>> sub_two = [min_two(x) for x in gt_ten]
>>> is_even = [x for x in sub_two if is_even_num(x)]
>>> squared = [square(x) for x in is_even]
>>> lt_400 = [x for x in squared if is_lt_400(x)]
>>> [100, 256]

number of tokens: 92

number of keywords: 15

keyword breakdown: {'for': 6, 'in': 6, 'if': 3}

This still has a lot of tokens that the developer has to read to understand the code. The extra keywords add noise that cloud the actual transformations.

Using a Stream results in this:

>>> from danom import Stream
>>> (
...     Stream.from_iterable(range(1_000_000))
...     .map(triple)
...     .filter(is_gt_ten)
...     .map(min_two)
...     .filter(is_even_num)
...     .map(square)
...     .filter(is_lt_400)
...     .collect()
... )
>>> (100, 256)

number of tokens: 60

number of keywords: 0

keyword breakdown: {}

The business logic is arguably much clearer like this.

Result

Result monad. Consists of Ok and Err for successful and failed operations respectively. Each monad is a frozen instance to prevent further mutation. Err provides the details attribute which returns the full traceback as a list of dictionaries.

safe

safe

safe(func: collections.abc.Callable[[T], U]) -> collections.abc.Callable[[T], danom._result.Result]

Decorator for functions that wraps the function in a try except returns Ok on success else Err.

>>> from danom import safe
>>> @safe
... def add_one(a: int) -> int:
...     return a + 1

>>> add_one(1) == Ok(inner=2)

safe_method

safe_method

safe_method(func: collections.abc.Callable[[T], U]) -> collections.abc.Callable[[T], danom._result.Result]

The same as safe except it forwards on the self of the class instance to the wrapped function.

>>> from danom import safe_method
>>> class Adder:
...     def __init__(self, result: int = 0) -> None:
...         self.result = result
...
...     @safe_method
...     def add_one(self, a: int) -> int:
...         return self.result + 1

>>> Adder.add_one(1) == Ok(inner=1)

compose

compose

compose(*fns: collections.abc.Callable[[T], U]) -> collections.abc.Callable[[T], U]

Compose multiple functions into one.

The functions will be called in sequence with the result of one being used as the input for the next.

>>> from danom import compose
>>> add_two = compose(add_one, add_one)
>>> add_two(0) == 2
>>> add_two_is_even = compose(add_one, add_one, is_even)
>>> add_two_is_even(0) == True

all_of

all_of

all_of(*fns: collections.abc.Callable[[T], bool]) -> collections.abc.Callable[[T], bool]

True if all of the given functions return True.

>>> from danom import all_of
>>> is_valid_user = all_of(is_subscribed, is_active, has_2fa)
>>> is_valid_user(user) == True

any_of

any_of

any_of(*fns: collections.abc.Callable[[T], bool]) -> collections.abc.Callable[[T], bool]

True if any of the given functions return True.

>>> from danom import any_of
>>> is_eligible = any_of(has_coupon, is_vip, is_staff)
>>> is_eligible(user) == True

identity

identity

identity(x: T) -> T

Basic identity function.

>>> from danom import identity
>>> identity("abc") == "abc"
>>> identity(1) == 1
>>> identity(ComplexDataType(a=1, b=2, c=3)) == ComplexDataType(a=1, b=2, c=3)

invert

invert

invert(func: collections.abc.Callable[[T], bool]) -> collections.abc.Callable[[T], bool]

Invert a boolean function so it returns False where it would've returned True.

>>> from danom import invert
>>> invert(has_len)("abc") == False
>>> invert(has_len)("") == True

new_type

new_type

new_type(name: 'str', base_type: 'type', validators: 'Callable | Sequence[Callable] | None' = None, converters: 'Callable | Sequence[Callable] | None' = None, *, frozen: 'bool' = True)

Create a NewType based on another type.

>>> from danom import new_type
>>> def is_positive(value):
...     return value >= 0

>>> ValidBalance = new_type("ValidBalance", float, validators=[is_positive])
>>> ValidBalance("20") == ValidBalance(inner=20.0)

Unlike an inherited class, the type will not return True for an isinstance check.

>>> isinstance(ValidBalance(20.0), ValidBalance) == True
>>> isinstance(ValidBalance(20.0), float) == False

The methods of the given base_type will be forwarded to the specialised type. Alternatively the map method can be used to return a new type instance with the transformation.

>>> from danom import new_type
>>> def has_len(email: str) -> bool:
... return len(email) > 0

>>> Email = new_type("Email", str, validators=[has_len])
>>> Email("[e-mail]").upper() == "[e-mail]"
>>> Email("[e-mail]").map(str.upper) == Email(inner='[e-mail]')

::

Repo map

├── .github
│   └── workflows
│       ├── ci_tests.yaml
│       └── publish.yaml
├── dev_tools
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── update_cov.py
│   └── update_readme.py
├── docs
│   └── source
│       └── conf.py
├── src
│   └── danom
│       ├── __init__.py
│       ├── _new_type.py
│       ├── _result.py
│       ├── _safe.py
│       ├── _stream.py
│       └── _utils.py
├── tests
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── conftest.py
│   ├── test_api.py
│   ├── test_monad_laws.py
│   ├── test_new_type.py
│   ├── test_result.py
│   ├── test_safe.py
│   ├── test_stream.py
│   └── test_utils.py
├── .pre-commit-config.yaml
├── README.md
├── pyproject.toml
├── ruff.toml
└── uv.lock

(generated with repo-mapper-rs)
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