dclq

Query structured documents.
Grep, list, outline, and XPath over headings, sections, lists, and tables—and get an XPath back for every result.

What is dclq?

dclq brings the familiar grep workflow to DocLang documents. It queries semantic document units and returns bounded evidence with reusable XPath addresses.

$ dclq grep 'GPU|CPU' paper.dclg \
    --within-xpath '/heading[13]' --section -n
/list[4]/ldiv[1]:- AWS EC2 VM ... Nvidia L4 GPU ...
/text[42]:All experiments ... GPU acceleration ... x86 CPU ...

Features

• 🔎 Semantic search across headings, paragraphs, captions, footnotes, list items, table cells, formulas, code, and metadata
• 🧭 Structural context with section-aware neighbours, list siblings, table headers, captions, and document reading order
• 🔗 Reusable XPath addresses for every result
• 🎯 Precise filters for sections, XPath regions, pages, layers, and semantic types
• 📑 Document navigation with structural inventory, heading outlines, semantic retrieval, and raw XPath selection
• 📦 DocLang input from .dclg, .dclg.xml, .xml, .dclx, or standard input
• 🤖 Pipeline-friendly output in text, JSON, and JSONL
• ⚡ grep-compatible behavior with regular expressions, fixed strings, context flags, counts, file listing, quiet mode, and exit codes
• 🔒 Local, deterministic, read-only execution with bounded output

Quickstart

1. Install from PyPI

pip install dclq

2. Convert source documents to DocLang

python -m pip install docling
docling report.pdf handbook.docx --to dclx --output converted

3. Search

dclq grep -i 'termination|cancellation' converted/report.dclx

Without a pattern, dclq list enumerates units instead:

dclq list converted/report.dclx --type table_cell --page 3

Examples

Inspect a document

$ dclq inspect paper.dclx
paper.dclx
Type: dclx
Pages: 9
Semantic units: 612
Elements: caption=9, code=3, formula=4, heading=18, list=5, picture=6, table=5, text=434
Metadata: author=2, date=1, keywords=1

Navigate the heading hierarchy

$ dclq outline paper.dclg
Docling: An Efficient Open-Source Toolkit for AI-driven Document Conversion  /heading[1]
  Abstract                                      /heading[2]
  1 Introduction                               /heading[3]
  ...
  3 Design and Architecture                    /heading[5]
  5 Performance                                /heading[11]
  5.2 System Configurations                    /heading[13]
  ...
  6 Applications                               /heading[16]
  ...
  References                                   /heading[19]

Retrieve a section by XPath

$ dclq show paper.dclg '/heading[13]' --section --max-chars 220 -n
/heading[13]:5.2 System Configurations
/text[41]:We schedule our benchmark experiments each on two different systems...
/list[4]/ldiv[1]:- AWS EC2 VM (g6.xlarge)...
/list[4]/ldiv[2]:- MacBook Pro M3 Max (ARM)...
/text[42]:All experiments on the AWS EC2 VM...
/table[1]/ched[1]:Asset
/table[1]/ched[2]:Version
...

Each section element keeps its own reusable XPath.

Query the source XML

JSON includes document identity alongside scalar results:

$ dclq select paper.dclg 'count(//page_break) + 1' --format json
{
  "document": "paper.dclg",
  "sha256": "284b9b63bf3e11a75ffd2ad23c7505a9b5e75407531a13044ceae001e0d1550e",
  "value": 8.0
}

$ dclq select paper.dclg \
    'normalize-space(string(//table[1]/caption))'
Table 1: Versions and configuration options considered for each tested asset. * denotes the default setting.

Search a table cell with its structural context

The direct JSON record includes document identity, match offsets, and contributing document items; the relevant fields are shown here:

$ dclq grep -F '2.73 5.39' paper.dclx --format json
[
  {
    ...
    "xpaths": ["/d:doclang/d:table[1]/d:fcel[8]"],
    "logical_type": "table_cell",
    "text": "2.73 5.39",
    "pages": [1],
    "cell_context": {
      "column_headers": ["Inference time (secs)"],
      "caption": "Table 1. HPO performed in OTSL and HTML representation on the same transformer-based TableFormer..."
    }
  }
]

Get list-aware context

$ dclq grep -F 'Third item with numId 2' handbook.dclx \
    -C 1 --context-scope auto -n
/list[7]/ldiv[2]-2. Second item with numId 2
/list[7]/ldiv[3]:3. Third item with numId 2
/list[7]/ldiv[4]-4. Fourth item with numId 2

Use dclq in shell pipelines

# List matching documents.
dclq grep -i 'human annotation' documents/*.dclx -l

# Count matching semantic units.
dclq grep -i 'inference|runtime' documents/*.dclx -c

# Emit bounded records for an agent or data pipeline.
dclq grep -i 'accuracy|performance' documents/*.dclx \
  --page 1-4 \
  --type text,table_cell \
  --limit 10 \
  --format jsonl

# Check for a match without output.
if dclq grep -q -F 'CONFIDENTIAL' document.dclx; then
  echo "classified"
fi

Commands

Query options

Run dclq COMMAND --help for the complete option set.

XPath input may omit the namespace and document root: /formula[1], /doclang/formula[1], and /d:doclang/d:formula[1] are equivalent.

Exit codes

Development

dclq lives in the docling-core repository as a workspace member under packages/dclq, and is released in lockstep with docling-core (same version, exact dependency pin). Work on it from the repository root:

uv sync --all-extras --all-packages
uv run pytest packages/dclq/tests
uv run pre-commit run --all-files

License

dclq is available under the MIT License.