differences

drawing

difference-in-differences estimation and inference for Python

For the following use cases

Balanced panels, unbalanced panels & repeated cross-section
Two + Multiple time periods
Fixed + Staggered treatment timing
Binary + Multi-Valued treatment
Heterogeneous treatment effects & triple difference
Parallelized estimation & multiplier bootstrap (joblib, via n_jobs)

see the Documentation for more details.

Installing

The latest release can be installed using pip

pip install differences

requires Python >= 3.10

Quick Start

ATTgt

the ATTgt class implements the estimation procedures suggested by Callaway and Sant'Anna (2021) , Sant'Anna and Zhao (2020) and the multi-valued treatment case discussed in Callaway, Goodman-Bacon & Sant'Anna (2021)

import differences

df = differences.generate_data()  # requires the [all] extra: pip install differences[all]

att_gt = differences.ATTgt(data=df, cohort_column='cohort')

att_gt.fit(formula='y', n_jobs=-1)

att_gt.aggregate('event')

differences ATTgt was inspired by

Callaway & Sant'Anna's did
Sant'Anna and Zhao's DRDID

Metadata

Release files for differences 0.3.0

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Source distribution (sdist)

Source distribution for differences 0.3.0
File	Size	Uploaded
differences-0.3.0.tar.gz	324.2 kB	Apr 12, 2026	Details

Built distribution (wheel)

Table of built distributions (wheels) for differences 0.3.0
File	Interpreter	ABI	Platform	Reset
differences-0.3.0-py3-none-any.whl 89.4 kB Apr 12, 2026	Python 3	none	any	Details

Total release size: 413.6 kB

Release files / differences-0.3.0.tar.gz

Download URL	differences-0.3.0.tar.gz
Size	324.2 kB
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Download URL	differences-0.3.0-py3-none-any.whl
Size	89.4 kB
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Upload date	Apr 12, 2026
Uploaded using Trusted Publishing? What is trusted publishing?	Yes
Uploaded via	`twine/6.1.0 CPython/3.12.8`

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Identity

Publishing platform: GitHub Actions
Publishing repository: github.com/bernardodionisi/differences
Publishing commit: github.com/bernardodionisi/differences/tree/e59cd643ff76326973d8ec388d70e9ce154972ab

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