digi-solver 0.1.6

A Python package for digital electronics problem solving, including K-maps, number conversions, and more.

DigiSolver: Your Comprehensive Digital Electronics Toolkit

DigiSolver is a Python package consolidating a suite of tools designed to assist with various digital electronics problems and coursework. It brings together functionalities for Karnaugh map (K-map) simplification, signed binary number conversions, general numerical base conversions, and logic gate image processing.

This package is ideal for students, educators, and hobbyists working on digital logic assignments or projects.

Features

DigiSolver includes the following integrated sub-packages:

• ncalc_python:
  • A command-line tool for number base conversions (ASCII, Binary, Octal, Decimal, Hexadecimal).
  • Supports direct value input or batch processing from a file.
  • Can display step-by-step solutions for conversions, including LaTeX output.
  • Results can be exported to a CSV file.
  • Inputs:
    • Command-line arguments: Value to convert, input base, output base(s), flags for steps/LaTeX/file input/CSV output.
    • Optional input file (.txt): Each line containing value [input_base] [output_base].
  • Outputs:
    • Console: Converted value(s), optional step-by-step solution (plain text or LaTeX).
    • Optional CSV file: Containing original values, input bases, output bases, and converted results.
• signed_binary_conversion:
  • Handles conversions between decimal and signed binary numbers (Sign-Magnitude, One's Complement, Two's Complement).
  • Core library functions (signedMagnitude, onesComplement, twosComplement from decimal_to_binary.py, and signedMagnitude_re, onesComplement_re, twosComplement_re from binary_to_decimal.py) now accept a bit_length parameter, allowing for flexible bit-width operations.
  • Overflow detection in these functions is now based on the provided bit_length.
  • Internal print statements have been removed from these core conversion functions for cleaner library use (solutions with steps are still available via functions in the solutions submodule).
  • Provides detailed LaTeX solutions for each conversion step (via functions in the solutions submodule).
  • Includes a feature to auto-generate datasets for testing, including overflow cases, and saves them to CSV using the sbn_converter CLI.
  • Inputs (CLI sbn_converter):
    • manual mode: Conversion direction (decimal-to-binary or binary-to-decimal), representation type (Sign-Magnitude, One's, Two's), input value, bit length.
    • gen-d2b/gen-b2d modes: Number of problems (count), bit length, type filter.
    • gen-overflow mode: Number of problems (count), bit length.
    • Output CSV filename.
  • Outputs (CLI sbn_converter):
    • Console: Progress messages, summary.
    • CSV file(s): Detailed conversion results or generated datasets. Each row typically includes the original value, target type, bit length, converted value, and LaTeX solution.
  • Inputs (Library functions - Core Conversions):
    • decimal_to_binary.signedMagnitude(decimal_num, bit_length)
    • decimal_to_binary.onesComplement(decimal_num, bit_length)
    • decimal_to_binary.twosComplement(decimal_num, bit_length)
    • binary_to_decimal.signedMagnitude_re(binary_num, bit_length)
    • binary_to_decimal.onesComplement_re(binary_num, bit_length)
    • binary_to_decimal.twosComplement_re(binary_num, bit_length)
  • Outputs (Library functions - Core Conversions):
    • String representing the converted binary or decimal value. Returns None or raises an error on overflow/invalid input based on bit_length.
  • Inputs (Library functions - Solution Generation):
    • Solution generation functions (e.g., get_twos_complement_solution from solutions.d2b_solutions): Decimal value, bit length.
    • Solution generation functions (e.g., get_onescomplement_re_solution from solutions.b2d_solutions): Binary string, bit length.
  • Outputs (Library functions - Solution Generation):
    • String containing LaTeX formatted solution steps.
• kmap_tool:
  • K-map Generator/Solver (gen_kmap.py): Generates random K-map problems for 3 to 6 variables, solves them using the Quine-McCluskey algorithm, and can format the problem and solution (including K-map table and groups) in LaTeX.
    • Inputs (CLI kmap_generator - if entry point defined):
      • generate mode: Number of variables, number of problems to generate, output basename for files.
      • solve mode: Input file path (e.g., .txt or .csv containing minterms/dontcares), output basename.
    • Outputs (CLI kmap_generator):
      • Console: Progress, summary of generated/solved problems.
      • Output files (e.g., .csv, .tex, .pdf): Generated K-map problems, solved K-map tables, grouped minterms, minimized Boolean expressions, and LaTeX source/PDF.
    • Inputs (Library gen_kmap.py functions):
      • generate_kmap_problem(): Number of variables.
      • solve_kmap_problem(): Dictionary containing num_vars, minterms, dontcares, variables.
      • generate_latex(): Dictionary containing formatted problem/solution data.
    • Outputs (Library gen_kmap.py functions):
      • generate_kmap_problem(): Dictionary with problem details.
      • solve_kmap_problem(): Dictionary with solved data including minimized expression and groups.
      • format_result(): Dictionary structured for display or CSV output.
      • generate_latex(): Tuple of strings (LaTeX input, LaTeX solution steps, LaTeX output function).
  • Quine-McCluskey Solver (QuineMcCluskey/qmccluskey.py): A standalone Quine-McCluskey algorithm implementation that can minimize Boolean functions given minterms and don't-cares.
    • Inputs (CLI qmc_solver - if entry point defined):
      • Minterms (comma-separated string or list).
      • Don't-cares (optional, comma-separated string or list).
      • Variable names (optional, comma-separated string or list).
    • Outputs (CLI qmc_solver):
      • Console: Minimized Boolean expression(s), prime implicants table, essential prime implicants.
    • Inputs (Library QM class):
      • minterms (list of ints).
      • dcares (list of ints).
      • chars (list of strings for variable names).
    • Outputs (Library QM.minimize()):
      • List of strings, where each string is a minimized Boolean expression.
      • QM.procedure attribute contains the step-by-step string representation of the QM process.
• lo_gateimg_tool:
  • Converts Boolean expressions into LaTeX code for rendering logic circuit diagrams.
  • Accepts input from a text file where each line is a Boolean expression.
  • The generated LaTeX can then be compiled to produce visual representations of the circuits.
  • Inputs:
    • Input file path (.txt): Each line containing a Boolean expression (e.g., A and B or f = (A or B) and C).
    • Output directory for LaTeX files.
    • Optional scale factor for the diagrams.
  • Outputs:
    • Generated .tex files in the specified output directory.
    • Console messages indicating success and paths to generated files.

Installation

To install DigiSolver, you can clone the repository and install it in editable mode for development, or install it directly using pip once it's packaged.

1. Standard installation (once packaged or from PyPI in the future):

# pip install digi_solver

Basic Usage

After installation, you can use the command-line tools or import modules into your Python scripts.

Command-Line Tools

DigiSolver provides the following commands (if defined in setup.py and their respective main functions are correctly implemented):

• ncalc (from ncalc_python):

  # Convert a decimal value to all other bases with steps
  ncalc 123 -s 
  
  # Convert a hexadecimal value to binary and octal, showing LaTeX steps
  ncalc FF -i hex -o bin,oct -s -l
  
  # Process conversions from a file and save results to CSV
  ncalc -f input_conversions.txt -csv results.csv
  

  File format for input_conversions.txt (each line: value [input_base] [output_base]):

  100 dec bin # Convert decimal 100 to binary
  A1 hex all  # Convert hexadecimal A1 to all bases
  77 oct dec
  

• sbn_converter (from signed_binary_conversion):

  # Manually convert decimal -25 to 8-bit Two's Complement
  sbn_converter manual --direction d --type 2 --value -25 --bit-length 8 --output manual_sbn_results.csv
  
  # Manually convert 8-bit binary 11100111 from Signed Magnitude to decimal
  sbn_converter manual --direction b --type s --value 11100111 --bit-length 8 --output manual_sbn_results.csv
  
  # Generate a dataset of 50 8-bit decimal to Two's Complement conversions
  sbn_converter gen-d2b --count 50 --bit-length 8 --type-filter 2 --output d2b_twos_comp_dataset.csv
  
  # Generate 20 overflow cases for 4-bit numbers
  sbn_converter gen-overflow --count 20 --bit-length 4 --output overflow_4bit_tests.csv
  

• kmap_generator (from kmap_tool.gen_kmap - ensure main_kmap_generator_cli is defined):

  # Generate 5 K-map problems for 4 variables
  # kmap_generator --mode generate --gen_num_vars 4 --num_problems 5 --output_basename kmap_4var_probs
  
  # Solve K-map problems from a file
  # kmap_generator --mode solve --input_file my_kmap_functions.txt --output_basename solved_kmaps
  

• qmc_solver (from kmap_tool.QuineMcCluskey.qmccluskey - ensure main_qmc_cli is defined):

  # Solve a K-map with minterms and don't cares
  # qmc_solver -m 0,1,4,5,7 -d 2,6 -v a,b,c
  

• digicircuit-gen (from lo_gateimg_tool.digicircuit):

  # Create an input file, e.g., expressions.txt:
  # f(a,b,c) = a'c'+a'b'
  
  # Generate LaTeX for expressions in expressions.txt, output to 'circuit_latex' directory
  digicircuit-gen expressions.txt -o circuit_latex
  
  # Generate with a specific scale
  digicircuit-gen expressions.txt -o circuit_latex_scaled -s 1.5
  

  Input file format (expressions.txt):

  1 f(a,b,c,d) = ab'cd'
  2 f(a,b,c,d) = ab'cd + abc'd
  3 f(a,b,c,d) = a'b'cd' + ab'c'd' + abc'd'
  4 f(a,b,c,d) = a'b'cd' + abc'd + ab'c'd
  5 f(a,b,c,d) = acd
  

Using as a Python Library

You can also import specific modules and functions into your Python scripts for more granular control or integration into other applications.

1. ncalc_python - Number Base Conversions

from digi_solver.ncalc_python.conversions import (
    decimal_to_binary, binary_to_decimal,
    decimal_to_hexadecimal, hexadecimal_to_octal
)
from digi_solver.ncalc_python.step_generator import (
    decimal_to_binary_steps_latex,
    hexadecimal_to_decimal_steps
)

# Direct conversions
dec_val = "123"
bin_val = decimal_to_binary(dec_val)
print(f"{dec_val} (decimal) = {bin_val} (binary)")

hex_val = "FACE"
dec_from_hex = hexadecimal_to_decimal(hex_val)
print(f"{hex_val} (hexadecimal) = {dec_from_hex} (decimal)")

oct_from_hex = hexadecimal_to_octal(hex_val) # via binary
print(f"{hex_val} (hexadecimal) = {oct_from_hex} (octal)")

# Get plain text steps
steps_plain, result_plain = hexadecimal_to_decimal_steps("A5")
print(f"\nSteps to convert A5 (hex) to decimal:")
for step in steps_plain:
    print(step)
print(f"Result: {result_plain}")

# Get LaTeX steps
latex_steps, result_latex = decimal_to_binary_steps_latex("26")
print(f"\nLaTeX steps for 26 (decimal) to binary:\n{latex_steps}")
# The result_latex variable also holds the final binary string: "11010"

2. signed_binary_conversion - Signed Number Conversions

from digi_solver.signed_binary_conversion.decimal_to_binary import signedMagnitude, onesComplement, twosComplement
from digi_solver.signed_binary_conversion.binary_to_decimal import signedMagnitude_re, onesComplement_re, twosComplement_re
from digi_solver.signed_binary_conversion.solutions.d2b_solutions import get_signed_magnitude_solution, get_twos_complement_solution
from digi_solver.signed_binary_conversion.solutions.b2d_solutions import get_onescomplement_re_solution

# --- Decimal to Signed Binary (Core Conversion Functions) ---
bit_len_example = 8
decimal_input = -25

sm_binary = signedMagnitude(decimal_input, bit_len_example)
if sm_binary:
    print(f"Signed Magnitude of {decimal_input} ({bit_len_example}-bit): {sm_binary}")

oc_binary = onesComplement(decimal_input, bit_len_example)
if oc_binary:
    print(f"One's Complement of {decimal_input} ({bit_len_example}-bit): {oc_binary}")

tc_binary = twosComplement(decimal_input, bit_len_example)
if tc_binary:
    print(f"Two's Complement of {decimal_input} ({bit_len_example}-bit): {tc_binary}")

# --- Decimal to Signed Binary (Detailed LaTeX Solutions) ---
# These functions remain useful for getting step-by-step LaTeX explanations.
dec_val_for_sol = -60
sm_solution_latex = get_signed_magnitude_solution(dec_val_for_sol, bit_len_example)
# print(f"\\nLaTeX solution for {dec_val_for_sol} to {bit_len_example}-bit Signed Magnitude:\\n{sm_solution_latex}")

tc_solution_latex = get_twos_complement_solution(33, bit_len_example)
# print(f"\\nLaTeX solution for 33 to {bit_len_example}-bit Two's Complement:\\n{tc_solution_latex}")

# --- Signed Binary to Decimal (Core Conversion Functions) ---
binary_input_sm = "10011001" # Example: -25 in 8-bit Signed Magnitude
dec_from_sm = signedMagnitude_re(binary_input_sm, bit_len_example)
if dec_from_sm is not None:
    print(f"{binary_input_sm} (Signed Mag, {bit_len_example}-bit) = {dec_from_sm} (decimal)")

binary_input_oc = "11100110" # Example: -25 in 8-bit One's Complement
dec_from_oc = onesComplement_re(binary_input_oc, bit_len_example)
if dec_from_oc is not None:
    print(f"{binary_input_oc} (One's Comp, {bit_len_example}-bit) = {dec_from_oc} (decimal)")

binary_input_tc = "11100111" # Example: -25 in 8-bit Two's Complement
dec_from_tc = twosComplement_re(binary_input_tc, bit_len_example)
if dec_from_tc is not None:
    print(f"{binary_input_tc} (Two's Comp, {bit_len_example}-bit) = {dec_from_tc} (decimal)")


# --- Signed Binary to Decimal (Detailed LaTeX Solutions) ---
# These functions remain useful for getting step-by-step LaTeX explanations.
binary_input_for_sol = "11110000" # Example: -16 in 8-bit One's Complement
# Make sure the solution function also takes bit_length if it's relevant for its formatting
oc_re_solution_latex = get_onescomplement_re_solution(binary_input_for_sol, bit_len_example)
# print(f"\\nLaTeX solution for {binary_input_for_sol} ({bit_len_example}-bit One's Complement) to decimal:\\n{oc_re_solution_latex}")

3. kmap_tool - Karnaugh Map Simplification

# --- Using gen_kmap.py functionalities ---
from digi_solver.kmap_tool.gen_kmap import (
    generate_kmap_problem, 
    solve_kmap_problem, 
    format_result,
    generate_latex # To get full LaTeX solution string
)

# Generate a random 4-variable K-map problem
problem_details = generate_kmap_problem(num_vars=4)
print(f"\nGenerated K-Map Problem (4 vars):")
print(f"  Minterms: {problem_details['minterms']}")
print(f"  Don't Cares: {problem_details['dontcares']}")

# Solve it
solved_data = solve_kmap_problem(problem_details)

# Format for display (similar to CSV output structure)
formatted_display = format_result(solved_data, id=1) # id is just for the 'Case 1' label
print(f"  Input String: {formatted_display['Input']}")
print(f"  Solved Function: {formatted_display['Result']}")
print(f"  Groups Found:\n{formatted_display['Groups']}")

# Generate full LaTeX solution for a problem
# (Requires the structure from format_result or a similar dict)
latex_input, latex_solution_steps, latex_output_function = generate_latex(formatted_display)
# print(f"\nFull LaTeX Solution for the generated problem:\n{latex_solution_steps}")

# --- Using QuineMcCluskey directly ---
from digi_solver.kmap_tool.QuineMcCluskey.core.qm.qm import QM

minterms_list = [0, 1, 4, 5, 7]
dontcares_list = [2, 6]
variables_list = ['a', 'b', 'c']

qm_solver = QM(minterms=minterms_list, dcares=dontcares_list, chars=variables_list)
solutions = qm_solver.minimize() # Returns a list of possible minimized expressions

print(f"\nQuine-McCluskey Direct Solution(s) for m({minterms_list}), d({dontcares_list}):")
if solutions and solutions[0]:
    for sol_expr in solutions:
        print(f"  f({','.join(variables_list)}) = {sol_expr}")
else:
    print("  No simplified expression or function is always 0.")

# To see the step-by-step procedure from QM:
# print(qm_solver.procedure)

4. lo_gateimg_tool - Logic Circuit LaTeX Generation

from digi_solver.lo_gateimg_tool import generate_logic_diagrams
import os

# --- Generating Logic Circuit Diagrams from a File ---

# 1. Create a temporary input file with Boolean expressions
expressions_content = """
f(a,b,c,d) = ab'cd'
f(a,b,c) = a'b'
"""
input_file = "temp_expressions.txt"
with open(input_file, "w") as f:
    f.write(expressions_content)

# 2. Define output directory
output_latex_dir = "generated_circuit_tex"

# 3. Generate the LaTeX files
generated_files = generate_logic_diagrams(
    input_file_path=input_file,
    output_dir=output_latex_dir,
    scale=1.0  # Optional scale factor
)

if generated_files:
    print(f"\nSuccessfully generated LaTeX files for logic circuits in '{os.path.abspath(output_latex_dir)}':")
    for file_path in generated_files:
        print(f"- {file_path}")
        # You would typically compile these .tex files with a LaTeX distribution
        # (e.g., pdflatex) to get PDFs or images.
else:
    print("\nCould not generate LaTeX files for logic circuits.")

# Clean up the temporary file
# os.remove(input_file) # Uncomment to remove the temp file after use

Contributing

Contributions are welcome! If you'd like to contribute, please fork the repository, make your changes, and submit a pull request. For major changes, please open an issue first to discuss what you would like to change.

(You can add more details about your contribution process, coding standards, etc.)

License

This project is licensed under the MIT License - see the LICENSE file (if you add one) for details.

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