Add FAIR signpostings to response headers in Django
Project description
FAIR signposting middleware for Django
django_signposting is a Django middleware library that facilitates the addition of
FAIR signposting headers to HTTP responses.
This middleware helps in making your data more FAIR (Findable, accessible, interoperable, reuseable) by
embedding signposting headers in responses, guiding clients to relevant resources linked to the response content.
Based on the Signposting library.
Features
- Automatically adds signposting headers to HTTP responses.
- Signposts can be added manually or automatically be parsed from JSON-LD/schema.org
- Supports multiple relation types with optional media type specification.
- Easily integrable with existing Django applications.
Signposts are formatted and added as Link headers
curl -I http://localhost:8000
HTTP/2 200
...
link: <https://schema.org/Dataset> ; rel="type" ,
<https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9447-460X> ; rel="author" ,
<https://example.com/download.zip> ; rel="item" ; type="application/zip"
Installation
pip install django-signposting
Usage
Automatic parsing of JSON-LD
The library can automatically add signposts to web pages that already make
metadata available via JSON-LD in HTML via <script type="application/ld+json"> tags, i.e.:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<script type="application/ld+json">{"@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": ["WebSite", "Dataset"], "author": {"@type": "Person", "name": "Daniel Bauer", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9447-460X"}, "description": "A dataset of things.", "hasPart": [{"@type": "ImageObject", "encodingFormat": "image/png", "url": "http://example.com/image.png"}, {"@type": "ImageObject", "encodingFormat": "image/png", "url": "http://example.com/image2.png"}], "license": {"@type": "CreativeWork", "name": "CC BY 4.0", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}, "name": "My Dataset", "sameAs": [{"@type": "MediaObject", "contentUrl": "https://example.com/download.zip", "encodingFormat": "application/zip"}, {"@type": "MediaObject", "contentUrl": "https://example.com/metadata.json"}], "url": "https://example.com"}</script>
</head>
<body>
<p>Hello, world!</p>
</body>
</html>
To enable automatic parsing of JSON-LD, add the following middleware classes to your Django project's MIDDLEWARE setting in settings.py:
MIDDLEWARE = [
...,
'django_signposting.middleware.SignpostingMiddleware',
'django_signposting.middleware.JsonLdSignpostingParserMiddleware',
...,
]
This extracts supported metadatad properties from JSON-LD and adds the corresponding signposting headers to the HttpResponse automatically.
Automatic parsing is compatible with extensions that provide JSON-LD as part of a web page, such as django-json-ld. It can also extract signposts from rich metadata descriptions of datasets such as detached RO-Crates (see example views).
Note: The middleware order is important! Place
SignpostingMiddlewarebeforeJsonLdSignpostingParserMiddlewareto ensure proper extraction and processing of JSON-LD content.
Alternative approaches
Manual signposting
For cases where there is no embedded JSON-LD, or you want to specify additional headers manually, you can use the add_signposts utility function.
This still requires the SignpostingMiddleware to inject the links into
the response:
- Add Middleware: Add the
SignpostingMiddlewareto your Django project'sMIDDLEWAREsetting insettings.py:
MIDDLEWARE = [
...,
'django_signposting.middleware.SignpostingMiddleware',
...,
]
- Add Signposts to your Views: Use the
add_signpostsutility function:
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django_signposting.utils import add_signposts
from signposting import Signpost, LinkRel
def my_view(request):
response = HttpResponse("Hello, world!")
# Add signpostings as string
add_signposts(
response,
Signpost(LinkRel.type, "https://schema.org/Dataset"),
Signpost(LinkRel.author, "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9447-460X")
Signpost(LinkRel.item, "https://example.com/download.zip", "application/zip")
)
return response
Manual parsing of JSON-LD
If you have metadata in JSON-LD available, but it is not rendered as part of the response, you can still parse it and add the signposting links manually:
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django_signposting.utils import add_signposts, jsonld_to_signposts
response = HttpResponse("Hello World")
json_ld = {
"@context": "http://schema.org/",
"@graph": [
...
]
}
signposts = jsonld_to_signposts(json_ld)
add_signposts(response, **signposts)
Add signposts as HTML links instead of headers
In cases where you want to include signposting directly in the HTML response rather than as HTTP headers
(for example because headers are overwritten by a proxy or something else),
you can use the HtmlSignpostingMiddleware instead of SignpostingMiddleware.
This middleware automatically adds elements to the HTML section based on the detected signposting metadata and produces output similar to the one shown here:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
(...)
<link href="http://schema.org/WebSite" rel="type"/>
<link href="http://schema.org/Dataset" rel="type"/>
<link href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9447-460X" rel="author"/>
<link href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license"/>
<link href="https://example.com" rel="cite-as"/>
<link href="https://example.com/download.zip" rel="describedby" type="application/zip"/>
<link href="https://example.com/metadata.json" rel="describedby"/>
<link href="http://example.com/image.png" rel="item" type="image/png"/>
<link href="http://example.com/image2.png" rel="item" type="image/png"/>
</head>
...
</html>
TODO
- Add support for link sets
- Add support for specifying profile extension attribute
License
Licensed under the MIT License.
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