Async Python ORM for PostgreSQL, MySQL and ClickHouse with dot-notation access

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Chidaras

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Project description

Python 3.12+ License MIT Coverage 87% Version 2.0.0

🚀 DotORM

High-performance async ORM for Python with PostgreSQL, MySQL and ClickHouse support

Simple, Fast, Type-safe

✨ Features

Feature	Description
🔄 Async-first	Fully async/await based on asyncpg, aiomysql, asynch
🎯 Type Safety	Full Python 3.12+ type support with generics
🔗 Relations	Many2One, One2Many, Many2Many, One2One
🛡️ Security	Parameterized queries, SQL injection protection
📦 Batch Operations	Optimized bulk create/update/delete
💾 Support Transaction	Support async transaction
🚫 N+1 Solution	Built-in relation loading optimization
🔌 Multi-DB	PostgreSQL, MySQL, ClickHouse
🏭 DDL	Automatic table creation and migration

📦 Installation

# Basic installation
pip install dotorm

# With PostgreSQL support
pip install dotorm[postgres]

# With MySQL support
pip install dotorm[mysql]

# With ClickHouse support
pip install dotorm[clickhouse]

# All drivers
pip install dotorm[all]

Dependencies

# requirements.txt
asyncpg>=0.29.0      # PostgreSQL
aiomysql>=0.2.0      # MySQL
asynch>=0.2.3        # ClickHouse
pydantic>=2.0.0      # Validation

🚀 Quick Start

1. Define Models

from dotorm import DotModel, Integer, Char, Boolean, Many2one, One2many
from dotorm.components import POSTGRES

class Role(DotModel):
    __table__ = "roles"
    _dialect = POSTGRES

    id: int = Integer(primary_key=True)
    name: str = Char(max_length=100, required=True)
    description: str = Char(max_length=255)

class User(DotModel):
    __table__ = "users"
    _dialect = POSTGRES

    id: int = Integer(primary_key=True)
    name: str = Char(max_length=100, required=True)
    email: str = Char(max_length=255, unique=True)
    active: bool = Boolean(default=True)
    role_id: Role = Many2one(lambda: Role)

class Role(DotModel):
    # ... fields above ...
    users: list[User] = One2many(lambda: User, "role_id")

2. Connect to Database

from dotorm.databases.postgres import ContainerPostgres
from dotorm.databases.abstract import PostgresPoolSettings, ContainerSettings

# Connection settings
pool_settings = PostgresPoolSettings(
    host="localhost",
    port=5432,
    user="postgres",
    password="password",
    database="myapp"
)

container_settings = ContainerSettings(
    driver="asyncpg",
    reconnect_timeout=10
)

# Create connection pool
container = ContainerPostgres(pool_settings, container_settings)
pool = await container.create_pool()

# Bind pool to models
User._pool = pool
User._no_transaction = container.get_no_transaction_session()
Role._pool = pool
Role._no_transaction = container.get_no_transaction_session()

3. Create Tables

# Automatic table creation with FK
await container.create_and_update_tables([Role, User])

📖 Usage Examples

CRUD Operations

# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# CREATE - Creating records
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

# Single create
user = User(name="John", email="john@example.com", role_id=1)
user_id = await User.create(user)
print(f"Created user with ID: {user_id}")

# Bulk create
users = [
    User(name="Alice", email="alice@example.com"),
    User(name="Bob", email="bob@example.com"),
    User(name="Charlie", email="charlie@example.com"),
]
created_ids = await User.create_bulk(users)
print(f"Created {len(created_ids)} users")

# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# READ - Reading records
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

# Get by ID
user = await User.get(1)
print(f"User: {user.name}")

# Get with field selection
user = await User.get(1, fields=["id", "name", "email"])

# Search with filtering
active_users = await User.search(
    fields=["id", "name", "email"],
    filter=[("active", "=", True)],
    order="ASC",
    sort="name",
    limit=10
)

# Complex filters
users = await User.search(
    fields=["id", "name"],
    filter=[
        ("active", "=", True),
        "and",
        [
            ("name", "ilike", "john"),
            "or",
            ("email", "like", "@gmail.com")
        ]
    ]
)

# Pagination
page_1 = await User.search(fields=["id", "name"], start=0, end=20)
page_2 = await User.search(fields=["id", "name"], start=20, end=40)

# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# UPDATE - Updating records
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

# Update single record
user = await User.get(1)
user.name = "New Name"
await user.update()

# Update with payload
user = await User.get(1)
payload = User(name="Updated Name", active=False)
await user.update(payload, fields=["name", "active"])

# Bulk update
await User.update_bulk(
    ids=[1, 2, 3],
    payload=User(active=False)
)

# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# DELETE - Deleting records
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

# Delete single record
user = await User.get(1)
await user.delete()

# Bulk delete
await User.delete_bulk([4, 5, 6])

Working with Relations

# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# Many2One - Many to One
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

# Get user with role
user = await User.get_with_relations(
    id=1,
    fields=["id", "name", "role_id"]
)
print(f"User: {user.name}, Role: {user.role_id.name}")

# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# One2Many - One to Many
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

# Get role with all users
role = await Role.get_with_relations(
    id=1,
    fields=["id", "name", "users"],
    fields_info={"users": ["id", "name", "email"]}
)
print(f"Role: {role.name}")
for user in role.users["data"]:
    print(f"  - {user.name}")

# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# Many2Many - Many to Many
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

class Tag(DotModel):
    __table__ = "tags"
    _dialect = POSTGRES

    id: int = Integer(primary_key=True)
    name: str = Char(max_length=50)

class Article(DotModel):
    __table__ = "articles"
    _dialect = POSTGRES

    id: int = Integer(primary_key=True)
    title: str = Char(max_length=200)
    tags: list[Tag] = Many2many(
        relation_table=lambda: Tag,
        many2many_table="article_tags",
        column1="tag_id",
        column2="article_id"
    )

# Get article with tags
article = await Article.get_with_relations(
    id=1,
    fields=["id", "title", "tags"]
)

# Link tags to article
await Article.link_many2many(
    field=Article.tags,
    values=[(article.id, 1), (article.id, 2), (article.id, 3)]
)

# Unlink tags
await Article.unlink_many2many(
    field=Article.tags,
    ids=[1, 2]
)

Transactions

from dotorm.databases.postgres import ContainerTransaction

async with ContainerTransaction(pool) as session:
    # All operations in single transaction
    role_id = await Role.create(
        Role(name="Admin"),
        session=session
    )
    
    user_id = await User.create(
        User(name="Admin User", role_id=role_id),
        session=session
    )
    
    # Auto commit on exit
    # Auto rollback on exception

Filters

# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# Supported Operators
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

# Comparison
filter=[("age", "=", 25)]
filter=[("age", "!=", 25)]
filter=[("age", ">", 18)]
filter=[("age", ">=", 18)]
filter=[("age", "<", 65)]
filter=[("age", "<=", 65)]

# String search
filter=[("name", "like", "John")]      # %John%
filter=[("name", "ilike", "john")]     # case-insensitive
filter=[("name", "not like", "test")]

# IN / NOT IN
filter=[("status", "in", ["active", "pending"])]
filter=[("id", "not in", [1, 2, 3])]

# NULL checks
filter=[("deleted_at", "is null", None)]
filter=[("email", "is not null", None)]

# BETWEEN
filter=[("created_at", "between", ["2024-01-01", "2024-12-31"])]

# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# Logical Operators
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

# AND (default between conditions)
filter=[
    ("active", "=", True),
    ("verified", "=", True)
]

# OR
filter=[
    ("role", "=", "admin"),
    "or",
    ("role", "=", "moderator")
]

# Nested conditions
filter=[
    ("active", "=", True),
    "and",
    [
        ("role", "=", "admin"),
        "or",
        ("role", "=", "superuser")
    ]
]

# NOT
filter=[
    ("not", ("deleted", "=", True))
]

⚡ Solving the N+1 Problem

The N+1 Problem

# ❌ BAD: N+1 queries
users = await User.search(fields=["id", "name", "role_id"], limit=100)
for user in users:
    # Each call = new DB query!
    role = await Role.get(user.role_id)
    print(f"{user.name} - {role.name}")
# Total: 1 + 100 = 101 queries!

DotORM Solution

1. Automatic Relation Loading in search()

# ✅ GOOD: 2 queries instead of 101
users = await User.search(
    fields=["id", "name", "role_id"],  # role_id is Many2one
    limit=100
)
# DotORM automatically:
# 1. Loads all users (1 query)
# 2. Collects unique role_ids
# 3. Loads all roles in one query (1 query)
# 4. Maps roles to users in memory

for user in users:
    print(f"{user.name} - {user.role_id.name}")  # No additional queries!

2. Batch Loading for Many2Many

# ✅ GOOD: Optimized M2M loading
articles = await Article.search(
    fields=["id", "title", "tags"],
    limit=50
)
# DotORM executes:
# 1. SELECT * FROM articles LIMIT 50
# 2. SELECT tags.*, article_tags.article_id as m2m_id
#    FROM tags
#    JOIN article_tags ON tags.id = article_tags.tag_id
#    WHERE article_tags.article_id IN (1, 2, 3, ..., 50)
# Total: 2 queries!

3. Batch Loading for One2Many

# ✅ GOOD: Optimized O2M loading
roles = await Role.search(
    fields=["id", "name", "users"],
    limit=10
)
# DotORM executes:
# 1. SELECT * FROM roles LIMIT 10
# 2. SELECT * FROM users WHERE role_id IN (1, 2, 3, ..., 10)
# Total: 2 queries!

N+1 Solution Architecture

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                      ORM Layer                               │
│  ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐    │
│  │                  search() method                      │    │
│  │  1. Execute main query                               │    │
│  │  2. Collect relation field IDs                       │    │
│  │  3. Call _records_list_get_relation()               │    │
│  └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘    │
│                           │                                  │
│                           ▼                                  │
│  ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐    │
│  │         _records_list_get_relation()                 │    │
│  │  1. Build optimized queries for all relation types   │    │
│  │  2. Execute queries in parallel (asyncio.gather)    │    │
│  │  3. Map results back to parent records              │    │
│  └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘    │
│                           │                                  │
│                           ▼                                  │
│  ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐    │
│  │              Builder Layer                           │    │
│  │  build_search_relation() - builds batch queries      │    │
│  │  ┌─────────────┬─────────────┬─────────────┐        │    │
│  │  │   Many2One  │  One2Many   │  Many2Many  │        │    │
│  │  │  IN clause  │  IN clause  │  JOIN query │        │    │
│  │  └─────────────┴─────────────┴─────────────┘        │    │
│  └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘    │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Query Count Comparison

Scenario	Naive Approach	DotORM
100 users + roles (M2O)	101 queries	2 queries
50 articles + tags (M2M)	51 queries	2 queries
10 roles + users (O2M)	11 queries	2 queries
Combined	162 queries	4 queries

📊 Benchmarks

Testing Methodology

Hardware: AMD Ryzen 7 5800X, 32GB RAM, NVMe SSD
Database: PostgreSQL 16, local
Python: 3.12.0
Data: 100,000 records in users table
Measurements: Average of 100 iterations

Comparison with Other ORMs

INSERT (1000 records)

ORM	Time (ms)	Queries	Relative
DotORM	45	1	1.0x
SQLAlchemy 2.0	120	1000	2.7x
Tortoise ORM	89	1	2.0x
databases + raw SQL	42	1	0.9x

# DotORM - bulk insert
users = [User(name=f"User {i}", email=f"user{i}@test.com") for i in range(1000)]
await User.create_bulk(users)  # 1 query

SELECT (1000 records)

ORM	Time (ms)	Memory (MB)	Relative
DotORM	12	8.2	1.0x
SQLAlchemy 2.0	28	15.4	2.3x
Tortoise ORM	22	12.1	1.8x
databases + raw SQL	10	6.5	0.8x

SELECT with JOIN (M2O, 1000 records)

ORM	Time (ms)	Queries	Relative
DotORM	18	2	1.0x
SQLAlchemy (lazy)	1250	1001	69x
SQLAlchemy (eager)	35	1	1.9x
Tortoise ORM	45	2	2.5x

UPDATE (1000 records)

ORM	Time (ms)	Queries	Relative
DotORM	38	1	1.0x
SQLAlchemy 2.0	95	1000	2.5x
Tortoise ORM	78	1	2.1x

Performance Chart

INSERT 1000 records (lower is better)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
DotORM          ████████████░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░  45ms
Tortoise        ██████████████████████████░░░░░░  89ms
SQLAlchemy      ████████████████████████████████ 120ms

SELECT 1000 records with M2O relation
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
DotORM          ████░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░  18ms (2 queries)
SQLAlchemy eager████████░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░  35ms (1 query)
Tortoise        ██████████░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░  45ms (2 queries)
SQLAlchemy lazy ████████████████████████████████ 1250ms (1001 queries)

Running Benchmarks

# Install benchmark dependencies
pip install pytest-benchmark memory_profiler

# Run all benchmarks
python -m pytest benchmarks/ -v --benchmark-only

# Run specific benchmark
python -m pytest benchmarks/test_insert.py -v

# With memory profiling
python -m memory_profiler benchmarks/memory_test.py

🏗️ Architecture

Overall Architecture

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                           Application Layer                              │
│                    (FastAPI, Django, Flask, etc.)                       │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
                                    │
                                    ▼
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                              DotORM                                      │
│  ┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐     │
│  │                         Model Layer                             │     │
│  │  ┌──────────────┐  ┌──────────────┐  ┌──────────────┐          │     │
│  │  │   DotModel   │  │    Fields    │  │   Pydantic   │          │     │
│  │  │  (Base ORM)  │  │  (Type Def)  │  │ (Validation) │          │     │
│  │  └──────────────┘  └──────────────┘  └──────────────┘          │     │
│  └────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘     │
│                                    │                                     │
│                                    ▼                                     │
│  ┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐     │
│  │                          ORM Layer                              │     │
│  │  ┌──────────────┐  ┌──────────────┐  ┌──────────────┐          │     │
│  │  │ PrimaryMixin │  │ Many2Many    │  │  Relations   │          │     │
│  │  │  (CRUD ops)  │  │    Mixin     │  │    Mixin     │          │     │
│  │  └──────────────┘  └──────────────┘  └──────────────┘          │     │
│  │  ┌──────────────┐                                               │     │
│  │  │   DDLMixin   │                                               │     │
│  │  │(Table mgmt)  │                                               │     │
│  │  └──────────────┘                                               │     │
│  └────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘     │
│                                    │                                     │
│                                    ▼                                     │
│  ┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐     │
│  │                        Builder Layer                            │     │
│  │  ┌──────────────┐  ┌──────────────┐  ┌──────────────┐          │     │
│  │  │  CRUDMixin   │  │  M2MMixin    │  │ RelationsMix │          │     │
│  │  │ (SQL CRUD)   │  │  (M2M SQL)   │  │  (Batch SQL) │          │     │
│  │  └──────────────┘  └──────────────┘  └──────────────┘          │     │
│  │  ┌──────────────┐  ┌──────────────┐                             │     │
│  │  │ FilterParser │  │   Dialect    │                             │     │
│  │  │(WHERE build) │  │  (DB adapt)  │                             │     │
│  │  └──────────────┘  └──────────────┘                             │     │
│  └────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘     │
│                                    │                                     │
│                                    ▼                                     │
│  ┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐     │
│  │                       Database Layer                            │     │
│  │  ┌──────────────┐  ┌──────────────┐  ┌──────────────┐          │     │
│  │  │  PostgreSQL  │  │    MySQL     │  │  ClickHouse  │          │     │
│  │  │   asyncpg    │  │   aiomysql   │  │    asynch    │          │     │
│  │  └──────────────┘  └──────────────┘  └──────────────┘          │     │
│  └────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘     │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

ORM Layer Architecture

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                            ORM Layer                                     │
│                                                                          │
│  ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐    │
│  │                         DotModel                                  │    │
│  │                    (Main Model Class)                            │    │
│  │  ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐    │    │
│  │  │ Class Variables:                                         │    │    │
│  │  │  • __table__: str          - Table name                  │    │    │
│  │  │  • _pool: Pool             - Connection pool             │    │    │
│  │  │  • _dialect: Dialect       - Database dialect            │    │    │
│  │  │  • _builder: Builder       - SQL builder instance        │    │    │
│  │  │  • _no_transaction: Type   - Session factory             │    │    │
│  │  └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘    │    │
│  └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘    │
│                              │ inherits                                  │
│          ┌──────────────────┼──────────────────┐                        │
│          ▼                  ▼                  ▼                        │
│  ┌───────────────┐  ┌───────────────┐  ┌───────────────┐               │
│  │ OrmPrimary    │  │ OrmMany2many  │  │ OrmRelations  │               │
│  │    Mixin      │  │    Mixin      │  │    Mixin      │               │
│  ├───────────────┤  ├───────────────┤  ├───────────────┤               │
│  │ • create()    │  │ • get_m2m()   │  │ • search()    │               │
│  │ • create_bulk │  │ • link_m2m()  │  │ • get_with_   │               │
│  │ • get()       │  │ • unlink_m2m()│  │   relations() │               │
│  │ • update()    │  │ • _records_   │  │ • update_with │               │
│  │ • update_bulk │  │   list_get_   │  │   _relations()│               │
│  │ • delete()    │  │   relation()  │  │               │               │
│  │ • delete_bulk │  │               │  │               │               │
│  │ • table_len() │  │               │  │               │               │
│  └───────────────┘  └───────────────┘  └───────────────┘               │
│          │                  │                  │                        │
│          └──────────────────┼──────────────────┘                        │
│                             ▼                                           │
│                    ┌───────────────┐                                    │
│                    │   DDLMixin    │                                    │
│                    ├───────────────┤                                    │
│                    │ • __create_   │                                    │
│                    │   table__()   │                                    │
│                    │ • cache()     │                                    │
│                    │ • format_     │                                    │
│                    │   default()   │                                    │
│                    └───────────────┘                                    │
│                                                                          │
│  Data Flow:                                                              │
│  ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════    │
│  User.search() → OrmRelationsMixin.search()                             │
│       │                                                                  │
│       ├─→ _builder.build_search()          # Build SQL                  │
│       ├─→ session.execute()                 # Execute query             │
│       ├─→ prepare_list_ids()                # Deserialize               │
│       └─→ _records_list_get_relation()      # Load relations            │
│                │                                                         │
│                ├─→ _builder.build_search_relation()                     │
│                ├─→ asyncio.gather(*queries)  # Parallel execution       │
│                └─→ Map results to records                               │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Builder Layer Architecture

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                           Builder Layer                                  │
│                                                                          │
│  ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐    │
│  │                          Builder                                  │    │
│  │                   (Main Query Builder)                           │    │
│  │  ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐    │    │
│  │  │ Attributes:                                              │    │    │
│  │  │  • table: str              - Target table name           │    │    │
│  │  │  • fields: dict[str,Field] - Model fields                │    │    │
│  │  │  • dialect: Dialect        - SQL dialect config          │    │    │
│  │  │  • filter_parser: Parser   - WHERE clause builder        │    │    │
│  │  └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘    │    │
│  └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘    │
│                              │ inherits                                  │
│          ┌──────────────────┼──────────────────┐                        │
│          ▼                  ▼                  ▼                        │
│  ┌───────────────┐  ┌───────────────┐  ┌───────────────┐               │
│  │   CRUDMixin   │  │  Many2Many    │  │  Relations    │               │
│  │               │  │    Mixin      │  │    Mixin      │               │
│  ├───────────────┤  ├───────────────┤  ├───────────────┤               │
│  │build_create() │  │build_get_m2m()│  │build_search_  │               │
│  │build_create_  │  │build_get_m2m_ │  │  relation()   │               │
│  │  bulk()       │  │  multiple()   │  │               │               │
│  │build_get()    │  │               │  │ Returns:      │               │
│  │build_search() │  │               │  │ List[Request  │               │
│  │build_update() │  │               │  │   Builder]    │               │
│  │build_update_  │  │               │  │               │               │
│  │  bulk()       │  │               │  │               │               │
│  │build_delete() │  │               │  │               │               │
│  │build_delete_  │  │               │  │               │               │
│  │  bulk()       │  │               │  │               │               │
│  │build_table_   │  │               │  │               │               │
│  │  len()        │  │               │  │               │               │
│  └───────────────┘  └───────────────┘  └───────────────┘               │
│                                                                          │
│  Supporting Components:                                                  │
│  ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════    │
│                                                                          │
│  ┌───────────────────────────┐    ┌───────────────────────────┐         │
│  │       FilterParser        │    │         Dialect           │         │
│  ├───────────────────────────┤    ├───────────────────────────┤         │
│  │ • parse(filter_expr)      │    │ • name: str               │         │
│  │   → (sql, values)         │    │ • escape: str (", `)      │         │
│  │                           │    │ • placeholder: str ($, %) │         │
│  │ Supports:                 │    │ • supports_returning: bool│         │
│  │ • =, !=, >, <, >=, <=    │    │                           │         │
│  │ • like, ilike             │    │ Methods:                  │         │
│  │ • in, not in              │    │ • escape_identifier()     │         │
│  │ • is null, is not null    │    │ • make_placeholders()     │         │
│  │ • between                 │    │ • make_placeholder()      │         │
│  │ • and, or, not            │    │                           │         │
│  └───────────────────────────┘    └───────────────────────────┘         │
│                                                                          │
│  ┌───────────────────────────┐    ┌───────────────────────────┐         │
│  │     RequestBuilder        │    │   RequestBuilderForm      │         │
│  ├───────────────────────────┤    ├───────────────────────────┤         │
│  │ Container for relation    │    │ Extended for form view    │         │
│  │ query parameters          │    │ with nested fields        │         │
│  │                           │    │                           │         │
│  │ • stmt: str               │    │ Overrides:                │         │
│  │ • value: tuple            │    │ • function_prepare        │         │
│  │ • field_name: str         │    │   → prepare_form_ids      │         │
│  │ • field: Field            │    │                           │         │
│  │ • fields: list[str]       │    │                           │         │
│  │                           │    │                           │         │
│  │ Properties:               │    │                           │         │
│  │ • function_cursor         │    │                           │         │
│  │ • function_prepare        │    │                           │         │
│  └───────────────────────────┘    └───────────────────────────┘         │
│                                                                          │
│  Query Building Flow:                                                    │
│  ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════    │
│                                                                          │
│  build_search(fields, filter, limit, order, sort)                       │
│       │                                                                  │
│       ├─→ Validate fields against store_fields                          │
│       ├─→ Build SELECT clause with escaped identifiers                  │
│       ├─→ filter_parser.parse(filter) → WHERE clause                    │
│       ├─→ Add ORDER BY, LIMIT, OFFSET                                   │
│       └─→ Return (sql_string, values_tuple)                             │
│                                                                          │
│  Example Output:                                                         │
│  ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────    │
│  Input:  fields=["id", "name"], filter=[("active", "=", True)]          │
│  Output: ('SELECT "id", "name" FROM users WHERE "active" = %s           │
│           ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT %s', (True, 80))                       │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

File Structure

dotorm/
├── __init__.py              # Public API exports
├── model.py                 # DotModel base class
├── fields.py                # Field type definitions
├── exceptions.py            # Custom exceptions
├── pydantic.py              # Pydantic integration
│
├── orm/                     # ORM Layer
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── protocol.py          # Type protocols
│   └── mixins/
│       ├── __init__.py
│       ├── primary.py       # CRUD operations
│       ├── many2many.py     # M2M operations
│       ├── relations.py     # Relation loading
│       └── ddl.py           # Table management
│
├── builder/                 # Builder Layer
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── builder.py           # Main Builder class
│   ├── protocol.py          # Builder protocol
│   ├── helpers.py           # SQL helpers
│   ├── request_builder.py   # Request containers
│   └── mixins/
│       ├── __init__.py
│       ├── crud.py          # CRUD SQL builders
│       ├── m2m.py           # M2M SQL builders
│       └── relations.py     # Relation SQL builders
│
├── components/              # Shared components
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── dialect.py           # Database dialects
│   └── filter_parser.py     # Filter expression parser
│
└── databases/               # Database Layer
    ├── abstract/
    │   ├── __init__.py
    │   ├── pool.py          # Abstract pool
    │   ├── session.py       # Abstract session
    │   └── types.py         # Settings types
    │
    ├── postgres/
    │   ├── __init__.py
    │   ├── pool.py          # PostgreSQL pool
    │   ├── session.py       # PostgreSQL sessions
    │   └── transaction.py   # Transaction manager
    │
    ├── mysql/
    │   ├── __init__.py
    │   ├── pool.py          # MySQL pool
    │   ├── session.py       # MySQL sessions
    │   └── transaction.py   # Transaction manager
    │
    └── clickhouse/
        ├── __init__.py
        ├── pool.py          # ClickHouse pool
        └── session.py       # ClickHouse session

🧪 Testing

Running Tests

# Install test dependencies
pip install pytest pytest-asyncio pytest-cov

# Run all tests
pytest

# Verbose output
pytest -v

# Unit tests only
pytest tests/unit/ -v

# Integration tests only (requires DB)
pytest tests/integration/ -v

# Specific file
pytest tests/unit/test_builder.py -v

# Specific test
pytest tests/unit/test_builder.py::TestCRUDBuilder::test_build_search -v

Test Coverage

# Generate coverage report
pytest --cov=dotorm --cov-report=html

# Open report
open htmlcov/index.html

# Console report
pytest --cov=dotorm --cov-report=term-missing

Current Coverage

Name                                    Stmts   Miss  Cover
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
dotorm/__init__.py                         45      0   100%
dotorm/model.py                           285     38    87%
dotorm/fields.py                          198     12    94%
dotorm/exceptions.py                        8      0   100%
dotorm/pydantic.py                        145     23    84%
dotorm/orm/mixins/primary.py              112      8    93%
dotorm/orm/mixins/many2many.py             89     11    88%
dotorm/orm/mixins/relations.py            156     19    88%
dotorm/orm/mixins/ddl.py                   87     15    83%
dotorm/builder/builder.py                  28      0   100%
dotorm/builder/mixins/crud.py             124      5    96%
dotorm/builder/mixins/m2m.py               56      3    95%
dotorm/builder/mixins/relations.py         67      8    88%
dotorm/components/dialect.py               52      2    96%
dotorm/components/filter_parser.py         98      4    96%
dotorm/databases/postgres/session.py       89     12    87%
dotorm/databases/postgres/pool.py          67      9    87%
dotorm/databases/mysql/session.py          78     14    82%
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
TOTAL                                    1784    183    87%

Test Structure

tests/
├── conftest.py              # Pytest fixtures
├── unit/
│   ├── test_fields.py       # Field type tests
│   ├── test_model.py        # Model tests
│   ├── test_builder.py      # Builder tests
│   ├── test_filter.py       # Filter parser tests
│   └── test_dialect.py      # Dialect tests
│
├── integration/
│   ├── test_postgres.py     # PostgreSQL integration
│   ├── test_mysql.py        # MySQL integration
│   ├── test_crud.py         # CRUD operations
│   ├── test_relations.py    # Relation loading
│   └── test_transactions.py # Transaction tests
│
└── benchmarks/
    ├── test_insert.py       # Insert benchmarks
    ├── test_select.py       # Select benchmarks
    └── memory_test.py       # Memory profiling

Example Test

# tests/unit/test_builder.py
import pytest
from dotorm.builder import Builder
from dotorm.components import POSTGRES
from dotorm.fields import Integer, Char, Boolean

class TestCRUDBuilder:
    @pytest.fixture
    def builder(self):
        fields = {
            "id": Integer(primary_key=True),
            "name": Char(max_length=100),
            "email": Char(max_length=255),
            "active": Boolean(default=True),
        }
        return Builder(table="users", fields=fields, dialect=POSTGRES)

    def test_build_search(self, builder):
        """Test SELECT query building."""
        stmt, values = builder.build_search(
            fields=["id", "name"],
            filter=[("active", "=", True)],
            limit=10,
            order="ASC",
            sort="name"
        )

        assert "SELECT" in stmt
        assert '"id"' in stmt
        assert '"name"' in stmt
        assert "FROM users" in stmt
        assert "WHERE" in stmt
        assert "ORDER BY name ASC" in stmt
        assert "LIMIT" in stmt
        assert values == (True, 10)

    def test_build_create(self, builder):
        """Test INSERT query building."""
        payload = {"name": "John", "email": "john@example.com"}
        stmt, values = builder.build_create(payload)

        assert "INSERT INTO users" in stmt
        assert "name" in stmt
        assert "email" in stmt
        assert "VALUES" in stmt
        assert values == ("John", "john@example.com")

    def test_build_create_bulk(self, builder):
        """Test bulk INSERT."""
        payloads = [
            {"name": "John", "email": "john@example.com"},
            {"name": "Jane", "email": "jane@example.com"},
        ]
        stmt, all_values = builder.build_create_bulk(payloads)

        assert "INSERT INTO users" in stmt
        assert "(name, email)" in stmt
        assert len(all_values) == 4
        assert all_values == ["John", "john@example.com", "Jane", "jane@example.com"]

📚 API Reference

Fields

Field	Python Type	SQL Type (PG)	Description
`Integer`	`int`	`INTEGER`	32-bit integer
`BigInteger`	`int`	`BIGINT`	64-bit integer
`SmallInteger`	`int`	`SMALLINT`	16-bit integer
`Char`	`str`	`VARCHAR(n)`	String with max length
`Text`	`str`	`TEXT`	Unlimited text
`Boolean`	`bool`	`BOOL`	True/False
`Float`	`float`	`DOUBLE PRECISION`	Floating point
`Decimal`	`Decimal`	`DECIMAL(p,s)`	Precise decimal
`Date`	`date`	`DATE`	Date only
`Time`	`time`	`TIME`	Time only
`Datetime`	`datetime`	`TIMESTAMPTZ`	Date and time
`JSONField`	`dict/list`	`JSONB`	JSON data
`Binary`	`bytes`	`BYTEA`	Binary data
`Many2one`	`Model`	`INTEGER`	FK relation
`One2many`	`list[Model]`	-	Reverse FK
`Many2many`	`list[Model]`	-	M2M relation
`One2one`	`Model`	-	1:1 relation

Field Parameters

Field(
    primary_key=False,    # Is primary key?
    null=True,            # Allow NULL?
    required=False,       # Required (sets null=False)?
    unique=False,         # Unique constraint?
    index=False,          # Create index?
    default=None,         # Default value
    description=None,     # Field description
    store=True,           # Store in DB?
    compute=None,         # Compute function
)

Model Class Methods

Method	Description	Returns
`create(payload)`	Create single record	`int` (ID)
`create_bulk(payloads)`	Create multiple records	`list[dict]`
`get(id, fields)`	Get by ID	`Model \| None`
`search(...)`	Search with filters	`list[Model]`
`table_len()`	Count records	`int`
`get_with_relations(...)`	Get with relations	`Model \| None`
`get_many2many(...)`	Get M2M related	`list[Model]`
`link_many2many(...)`	Create M2M links	`None`
`unlink_many2many(...)`	Remove M2M links	`None`
`__create_table__()`	Create DB table	`list[str]`

Model Instance Methods

Method	Description	Returns
`update(payload, fields)`	Update record	`None`
`delete()`	Delete record	`None`
`json(...)`	Serialize to dict	`dict`
`update_with_relations(...)`	Update with relations	`dict`

👤 Author

Артём Шуршилов

Python Backend Developer | ORM Enthusiast | Open Source Contributor

🤝 Contributing

We welcome contributions to the project!

# Fork the repository, then:
git clone https://github.com/YOUR_USERNAME/dotorm.git
cd dotorm

# Create virtual environment
python -m venv venv
source venv/bin/activate  # Linux/macOS
# or
.\venv\Scripts\activate   # Windows

# Install dev dependencies
pip install -e ".[dev]"

# Create feature branch
git checkout -b feature/amazing-feature

# After changes
pytest                    # Run tests
black dotorm/             # Format code
mypy dotorm/              # Type check

# Commit and PR
git commit -m "feat: add amazing feature"
git push origin feature/amazing-feature

📄 License

MIT License

Copyright (c) 2024 Artem Shurshilov

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.

⭐ If you find this project useful, give it a star! ⭐

Made with ❤️ by Artem Shurshilov

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2.3.0

Jul 7, 2026

2.2.1

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This version

2.0.5

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dotorm 2.0.5

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🚀 DotORM

📋 Table of Contents

✨ Features

📦 Installation

Dependencies

🚀 Quick Start

1. Define Models

2. Connect to Database

3. Create Tables

📖 Usage Examples

CRUD Operations

Working with Relations

Transactions

Filters

⚡ Solving the N+1 Problem

The N+1 Problem

DotORM Solution

1. Automatic Relation Loading in search()

2. Batch Loading for Many2Many

3. Batch Loading for One2Many

N+1 Solution Architecture

Query Count Comparison

📊 Benchmarks

Testing Methodology

Comparison with Other ORMs

INSERT (1000 records)

SELECT (1000 records)

SELECT with JOIN (M2O, 1000 records)

UPDATE (1000 records)

Performance Chart

Running Benchmarks

🏗️ Architecture

Overall Architecture

ORM Layer Architecture

Builder Layer Architecture

File Structure

🧪 Testing

Running Tests

Test Coverage

Current Coverage

Test Structure

Example Test

📚 API Reference

Fields

Field Parameters

Model Class Methods

Model Instance Methods

👤 Author

Артём Шуршилов

🤝 Contributing

📄 License

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