dotvar: Smarter Environment Variable Management for Python

dotvar is a Python module that improves upon traditional .env loaders by providing automatic loading and native variable interpolation, solving the major shortcomings of python-dotenv.

Differences from python-dotenv:

• ✅ Built-in Interpolation: Reference other variables within .env.
• ✅ Option to Auto-load: The option to load upon import, with no extra calls.
• ✅ Strict Mode: Catch missing .env files early.
• ✅ No Dependencies: Pure Python, standard library only.
• ✅ Lightweight & Fast: Minimal footprint, optimized load time.

How to Use

1. place a .env in your current folder
2. you can run load_env or simply import dotvar.auto_load which has the side-effect of calling load_env

   import dotvar.auto_load  # noqa
   

   Alternatively, there is also a strict mode, that raises an error if an environment file is not found.

   import dotvar.auto_load_strict  # noqa
   

Alternative syntax

If the import side-effect is undesirable, you can import the load_env function and call it imperatively. The import here will NOT have a side-effect.

from dotvar import load_env

load_env(strict=False)

The strict flag defautls to False.

The Problems with python-dotenv

While python-dotenv is widely used, it has two significant limitations:

1. It does not support automatic loading upon import.
2. It lacks variable interpolation, so environment variables cannot reference other variables within the same .env file.

For example, the following will not be correctly resolved using python-dotenv:

BASE_URL=https://api.example.com
API_ENDPOINT=${BASE_URL}/v1/

import os
print(os.environ.get("API_ENDPOINT"))  # Returns "${BASE_URL}/v1/" instead of the resolved value

Introducing dotvar

dotvar solves these issues by:

• Supporting native variable interpolation with ${VAR_NAME} syntax.
• Offering an auto-load entrypoint: just import dotvar.auto_load.
• Providing a strict mode (dotvar.auto_load_strict) that raises an error if .env is not found.

Installation and Examples

pip install dotvar  # supports Python 3.7+

An Example:

Place a .env file in your project root:

BASE_URL=https://api.example.com
API_ENDPOINT=${BASE_URL}/v1/
API_KEY=s3cr3t_api

Then in your Python code:

# noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences
import dotvar.auto_load  # noqa

import os

print(os.environ["BASE_URL"])       # https://api.example.com
print(os.environ["API_ENDPOINT"])   # https://api.example.com/v1/
print(os.environ["API_KEY"])        # s3cr3t_api

To use strict mode:

import dotvar.auto_load_strict  # noqa

Development

This project uses uv for dependency management.

# Set up environment
uv sync

# Run all tests
uv run pytest

# Run with coverage
uv run pytest --cov=dotvar --cov-report=term-missing

License

MIT License