dynolayer 0.6.1

O DynoLayer é uma ferramenta poderosa que simplifica e agiliza o acesso e manipulação de dados no Amazon DynamoDB, baseada no padrão Active Record.

DynoLayer

A Python library for DynamoDB that brings the elegance of Laravel's Eloquent ORM to your serverless applications. Built on the Active Record pattern, DynoLayer provides an intuitive, fluent interface for working with DynamoDB tables.

Features

• Active Record Pattern: Define models that represent DynamoDB tables
• Fluent Query Builder: Chain methods to build complex queries
• Eloquent-like Collections: Work with result sets using familiar methods
• Automatic Timestamps: Optional created_at and updated_at management
• Mass Assignment Protection: Whitelist fields to prevent unwanted data
• Index Support: Query using Global and Local Secondary Indexes
• Type Safety: Automatic type conversion for DynamoDB compatibility

Installation

pip install dynolayer

Or with boto3 included:

pip install dynolayer[aws]

Quick Start

Define a Model

from dynolayer import DynoLayer


class User(DynoLayer):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__(
            entity="users",                           # DynamoDB table name
            required_fields=["email", "name"],        # Required fields
            fillable=["id", "email", "name", "role"], # Mass-assignable fields
            timestamps=True                           # Auto-manage created_at/updated_at
        )

Create Records

# Create using class method
user = User.create({
    "id": 1,
    "email": "[e-mail]",
    "name": "John Doe",
    "role": "admin"
})

# Or create using instance
user = User()
user.id = 1
user.email = "[e-mail]"
user.name = "John Doe"
user.save()

Query Records

# Get all records
users = User.all()

# Find by primary key
user = User.find({"id": 1})

# Query with conditions
admins = (
    User.where("role", "admin")
    .and_where("status", "active")
    .index("role-index")
    .get()
)

# Complex queries
recent_admins = (
    User.where("role", "admin")
    .where_between("created_at", yesterday, today)
    .where_not("email", "contains", "test")
    .limit(100)
    .get()
)

Update Records

user = User.find({"id": 1})
user.name = "Jane Doe"
user.save()

Delete Records

# Delete instance
user = User.find({"id": 1})
user.delete()

# Or delete by key
User.destroy({"id": 1})

Working with Collections

Query results are returned as Collection objects with helpful methods:

users = User.where("role", "admin").get()

# Iterate over results
for user in users:
    print(user.name)

# Get first item
admin = users.first()

# Count results
print(f"Found {users.count()} admins")

# Extract single attribute
emails = users.pluck("email")
# ["[e-mail]", "[e-mail]", ...]

# Convert to list of dicts
data = users.to_list()
# [{"id": 1, "name": "John", ...}, ...]

Query Builder

DynoLayer provides a fluent, chainable interface for building queries:

Comparison Operators

User.where("age", ">", 18).get()
User.where("status", "=", "active").get()
User.where("score", ">=", 100).get()

Supported operators: =, <, <=, >, >=, <>, begins_with, contains

Chaining Conditions

# AND conditions
users = (
    User.where("role", "admin")
    .and_where("status", "active")
    .and_where("age", ">=", 18)
    .get()
)

# OR conditions
users = (
    User.where("role", "admin")
    .or_where("role", "moderator")
    .get()
)

# NOT conditions
users = User.where_not("status", "banned").get()

Range and Set Queries

# BETWEEN
from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone

yesterday = int((datetime.now(timezone.utc) - timedelta(days=1)).timestamp())
today = int(datetime.now(timezone.utc).timestamp())

users = User.where_between("created_at", yesterday, today).get()

# IN
users = User.where_in("status", ["active", "pending", "trial"]).get()

String Operations

# Begins with
users = User.where("email", "begins_with", "john").get()

# Contains
users = User.where("name", "contains", "Smith").get()

Using Indexes

# Query using Global Secondary Index
users = (
    User.where("role", "admin")
    .index("role-index")
    .get()
)

# Composite index
users = (
    User.where("role", "admin")
    .and_where("email", "begins_with", "john")
    .index("role-email-index")
    .get()
)

Limiting and Projection

# Limit results
users = User.where("role", "admin").limit(10).get()

# Select specific attributes
users = User.all().attributes_to_get(["id", "email", "name"]).get()

Query vs Scan

DynoLayer automatically chooses between Query and Scan. Force a scan when needed:

users = (
    User.where("age", ">", 18)
    .or_where("status", "premium")
    .force_scan()
    .get()
)

Advanced Features

Timestamps

Enable automatic timestamp management:

class User(DynoLayer):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__(
            entity="users",
            fillable=["id", "email", "name"],
            timestamps=True  # Adds created_at and updated_at
        )

Timestamps are stored as Unix timestamps in UTC.

Pagination

# Automatic pagination - fetches all pages
all_users = User.all().get(return_all=True)

# Manual pagination for APIs
limit = 50
query = User.all().limit(limit)

# Apply offset from previous page
if last_evaluated_key:
    query = query.offset(last_evaluated_key)

results = query.fetch()

# Get pagination data
next_key = User().last_evaluated_key
count = User().get_count

Method Overriding

Customize model behavior by overriding methods:

class User(DynoLayer):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__(
            entity="users",
            required_fields=["email"],
            fillable=["id", "email", "name"]
        )

    def save(self):
        # Custom validation
        if not self._is_valid_email(self.email):
            return False

        # Call parent save
        return super().save()

    def _is_valid_email(self, email):
        return "@" in email and "." in email

Field Validation

class User(DynoLayer):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__(
            entity="users",
            required_fields=["email", "name"],  # Required on create
            fillable=["id", "email", "name"],   # Only these can be assigned
        )

Required fields must be present when creating records. Non-fillable fields are automatically filtered out.

Complex Data Types

DynoLayer supports nested objects and lists:

user = User.create({
    "id": 1,
    "email": "[e-mail]",
    "profile": {
        "age": 30,
        "preferences": {
            "theme": "dark"
        }
    },
    "phones": ["[phone]", "+0987654321"]
})

Configuration

AWS Region

export AWS_REGION=sa-east-1

Default region is sa-east-1 if not specified.

AWS Credentials

DynoLayer uses boto3 for AWS authentication. Credentials can be provided via:

• Environment variables (AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID, AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY)
• AWS credentials file (~/.aws/credentials)
• IAM roles (for EC2, Lambda, etc.)

API Reference

Class Methods

Method	Description
all()	Retrieve all records as Collection
find(key)	Find record by primary key
find_or_fail(key, message)	Find or raise exception
where(*args)	Start query builder
create(data)	Create and save record
destroy(key)	Delete record by key

Query Builder Methods

Method	Description
where(attr, operator, value)	Add WHERE condition
and_where(attr, operator, value)	Add AND condition
or_where(attr, operator, value)	Add OR condition
where_not(attr, operator, value)	Add NOT condition
where_between(attr, start, end)	Add BETWEEN condition
where_in(attr, values)	Add IN condition
index(name)	Specify index to use
limit(count)	Limit results
attributes_to_get(attrs)	Select specific attributes
force_scan()	Force scan instead of query
get(return_all)	Execute and return Collection
fetch(return_all)	Alias for get()

Instance Methods

Method	Description
save()	Create or update record
delete()	Delete current record
data()	Get internal data dictionary
fillable()	Get fillable fields list

Collection Methods

Method	Description
first()	Get first item or None
count()	Count of items
pluck(key)	Extract single attribute from all items
to_list()	Convert to list of dictionaries

Documentation

• Getting Started - Installation and basic usage
• Query Builder - Comprehensive query guide
• Collections - Working with result sets
• Advanced Features - Pagination, polymorphism, timestamps, and more

Examples

Complete CRUD Example

from dynolayer import DynoLayer


class User(DynoLayer):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__(
            entity="users",
            required_fields=["email", "name"],
            fillable=["id", "email", "name", "role", "status"],
            timestamps=True
        )


# Create
user = User.create({
    "id": 1,
    "email": "[e-mail]",
    "name": "John Doe",
    "role": "admin"
})

# Read
user = User.find({"id": 1})
all_users = User.all()

# Update
user.name = "Jane Doe"
user.save()

# Delete
user.delete()

Query Example

from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone

# Complex query with multiple conditions
yesterday = int((datetime.now(timezone.utc) - timedelta(days=1)).timestamp())
today = int(datetime.now(timezone.utc).timestamp())

active_admins = (
    User.where("role", "admin")
    .and_where("status", "active")
    .where_between("created_at", yesterday, today)
    .where_not("email", "contains", "test")
    .index("role-index")
    .limit(100)
    .attributes_to_get(["id", "email", "name"])
    .get()
)

# Process results
for admin in active_admins:
    print(f"{admin.name} - {admin.email}")

print(f"Found {active_admins.count()} admins")

Custom Validation Example

class Order(DynoLayer):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__(
            entity="orders",
            required_fields=["user_id", "total"],
            fillable=["id", "user_id", "items", "total", "status"],
            timestamps=True
        )

    def save(self):
        # Auto-calculate total from items
        if hasattr(self, 'items') and self.items:
            self.total = sum(item['price'] * item['quantity'] for item in self.items)

        # Set default status
        if not hasattr(self, 'status'):
            self.status = "pending"

        return super().save()

    def mark_as_paid(self):
        self.status = "paid"
        return self.save()


# Usage
order = Order()
order.id = 1
order.user_id = 100
order.items = [
    {"product": "Widget", "price": 10.0, "quantity": 2},
    {"product": "Gadget", "price": 25.0, "quantity": 1},
]
order.save()

print(order.total)   # 45.0 (auto-calculated)
print(order.status)  # "pending"

order.mark_as_paid()

License

MIT

Contributing

Contributions are welcome! Please feel free to submit a Pull Request.