ember-qc 1.4.2

Quantum minor-embedding benchmark suite for D-Wave hardware topologies

EMBER

Extensive Benchmark for Evaluation and Reproducible comparison of quantum annealing embedding algorithms.

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EMBER is a benchmarking framework for comparing minor embedding algorithms on quantum annealing hardware topologies. It provides a standardised experiment interface, a diverse graph library of 31,083 graphs spanning structured, random, and physics-motivated problem types, and reproducible execution infrastructure with seeding, checkpointing, and result collection.

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Installation

pip install ember-qc

With the companion analysis package:

pip install ember-qc[analysis]

Requires Python 3.10+. No quantum hardware required — all benchmarks run locally.

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Quick Start

1. Create an experiment file:

# experiment.yaml
name: quick_comparison
algorithms:
  - minorminer
  - clique
graphs: installed
topologies:
  - pegasus_16
trials: 3
timeout: 60.0
seed: 42

2. Run it:

ember run experiment.yaml

3. View results:

ember results list
ember results show <batch_id>

Results are saved to ./results/ in your current directory by default. To change the default output location:

ember config set output_dir /path/to/results

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Graph Library

EMBER ships with 37 graphs bundled for offline use and provides on-demand access to a library of 31,083 graphs across 36 types hosted on HuggingFace. Graphs not bundled are downloaded automatically and cached locally on first use.

Graph types

Family	Types	Count	n range
Structured	complete, bipartite, grid, cycle, path, star, wheel, turan	1,148	2–5,640
Algebraic	circulant, generalized_petersen, hypercube, johnson, kneser	1,259	4–5,640
Trees	binary_tree, tree	38	3–5,461
Random	random_er, barabasi_albert, regular, watts_strogatz, sbm, lfr_benchmark, random_planar	23,969	3–5,640
Physics lattice	triangular_lattice, kagome, honeycomb, king_graph, frustrated_square, shastry_sutherland, cubic_lattice, bcc_lattice	820	4–6,119
Physics models	spin_glass, weak_strong_cluster, planted_solution	3,670	10–5,640
Hardware	hardware_native	42	8–4,928
Special	named_special, sudoku	14	5–65,536

Browsing and installing graphs

ember graphs list                        # overview: all types with ID ranges and counts
ember graphs list complete               # all complete graphs with node/edge counts
ember graphs list -a                     # installed types only
ember graphs info 1004                   # full metadata for graph ID 1004
ember graphs search --type random_er --max-nodes 20
ember graphs presets                     # all named presets with graph counts

Installing graphs

ember graphs install benchmark           # install the benchmark preset (~82 graphs)
ember graphs install 1000-1055           # install all complete graphs
ember graphs install "5550-5600, !5575"  # install a range with exclusions
ember graphs install --dry-run default   # preview without downloading

Presets

Preset	Count	Description
installed	37	Bundled with the package — always available offline
quick	12	One smallest graph per main type
default	36	One small representative per type
diverse	31	Hand-picked across all types, varied n
benchmark	82	Curated for algorithm benchmarking, n=3–100
sensitivity	273	benchmark + mid/large graphs (n=50–600) for parameter-sensitivity analysis
structured	2,568	All deterministic/algebraic types
lattice	820	All physics lattice types
physics	4,490	Lattices + spin_glass + weak_strong_cluster + planted_solution
hardware_native	42	Hardware topology graphs
named_special	12	Petersen, Tutte, Chvátal, etc.
small	617	All graphs with n ≤ 10
all	31,083	Everything

Cache management

ember graphs cache                       # disk usage summary by type
ember graphs cache delete benchmark      # remove specific graphs
ember graphs cache delete --all          # wipe entire cache
ember graphs verify                      # SHA-256 integrity check on all cached graphs
ember graphs verify --fix                # re-download any corrupt files

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Algorithms

Algorithm	Availability	Notes
minorminer	✓ included	Standard MinorMiner
minorminer-fast	✓ included	tries=3
minorminer-aggressive	✓ included	tries=50
minorminer-chainlength	✓ included	chainlength_patience=20
clique	✓ included	Clique embedding via busclique
pssa	✓ included	Path-annealing SA; auto topology detection
pssa-weighted	✓ included	Degree-weighted shifts — best for regular graphs
pssa-fast	✓ included	tmax=50,000 — good for large sweeps
pssa-thorough	✓ included	tmax=2,000,000 — highest quality, slow
charme	optional	pip install ember-qc[charme] + PyTorch
atom	optional	ember install-binary atom
oct-triad	optional	ember install-binary oct
oct-fast-oct	optional	Recommended OCT variant

Check what is available in your environment:

ember algos list
ember algos list --available

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Custom Algorithms

Write your own algorithm in a .py file following the algorithm contract:

# my_algorithm.py
from ember_qc.registry import EmbeddingAlgorithm, register_algorithm

@register_algorithm("my-algorithm")
class MyAlgorithm(EmbeddingAlgorithm):

    @property
    def version(self) -> str:
        return "0.1.0"

    def embed(self, source_graph, target_graph, **kwargs) -> dict:
        timeout = kwargs.get("timeout", 60.0)
        seed = kwargs.get("seed", None)

        # your implementation here

        return {"embedding": {}}    # return {} on failure

Get a fully documented template:

ember algos template > my_algorithm.py

Place the file in the user algorithms directory to have it loaded automatically:

ember algos dir    # shows the directory path

See the algorithm contract and custom algorithms guide for the full specification.

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Output Layout

Each completed run produces a timestamped batch directory:

results/
├── batch_2026-03-28_14-30-00/
│   ├── config.json       — run parameters and environment provenance
│   ├── results.db        — SQLite: runs, embeddings, graphs, batches tables
│   ├── summary.csv       — grouped averages ± std dev per (algorithm, topology)
│   ├── README.md         — human-readable batch summary
│   └── workers/
│       ├── worker_12345.jsonl
│       └── worker_12346.jsonl
└── latest -> batch_2026-03-28_14-30-00/   (symlink to most recent)

Runs in progress are staged in runs_unfinished/ (a sibling of results/) and moved to results/ only after successful compilation. Anything in runs_unfinished/ is incomplete and can be resumed or deleted.

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Reproducing Experiments

Every ember run experiment.yaml call writes two files alongside the results:

• experiment.yaml — verbatim copy of the input file
• experiment_resolved.yaml — fully resolved config with all flag overrides applied

To reproduce a run exactly:

ember run experiment_resolved.yaml

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Resuming Interrupted Runs

Benchmarks that are interrupted (Ctrl+C, job timeout, crash) can be resumed:

ember resume                    # shows list of incomplete runs
ember resume <batch_id>         # resume a specific run
ember resume --delete-all       # clean up all incomplete runs

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Configuration

ember config show                         # all settings and their sources
ember config set output_dir ~/results     # set default output directory
ember config set default_workers 8        # set default parallelism
ember config set default_timeout 120.0    # set default per-trial timeout
ember config get output_dir               # get a single value
ember config reset                        # restore all defaults
ember config path                         # show config file location

All config values can also be set via environment variables:

Variable	Config key
EMBER_OUTPUT_DIR	output_dir
EMBER_WORKERS	default_workers
EMBER_TIMEOUT	default_timeout
EMBER_TOPOLOGY	default_topology
EMBER_SEED	default_seed
EMBER_N_TRIALS	default_n_trials

Environment variables take precedence over stored config, which takes precedence over defaults. Explicit arguments to ember run always take highest precedence.

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CLI Reference

ember run <experiment.yaml> [flags]       Run a benchmark
ember run --analyze                       Run benchmark and generate analysis report
ember run --fault-rate 0.0,0.01,0.05      Sweep multiple fault rates in one batch
ember resume [batch_id]                   Resume an interrupted run

ember graphs list [TYPE] [-a]             List graph types or graphs of a type
ember graphs info <id>                    Show full metadata for a graph
ember graphs install <spec>               Download graphs to local cache
ember graphs presets                      List named presets with graph counts
ember graphs search [--type T] [filters]  Search manifest by property
ember graphs cache                        Show cache disk usage
ember graphs cache delete <spec|--all>    Remove graphs from cache
ember graphs verify [--fix]               Verify and repair cached graphs

ember results list                        List completed runs
ember results show <batch_id>             Show run summary
ember topologies list [--family F]        List hardware topologies
ember topologies info                     Show topology details
ember algos list [--available]            List algorithms and availability
ember algos template                      Print algorithm template
ember algos dir                           Print user algorithms directory
ember config show/set/get/reset/path      Manage configuration
ember install-binary <atom|oct>           Install compiled algorithm binaries
ember version                             Show package version

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Analysis

Install the companion analysis package:

pip install ember-qc-analysis
# or
pip install ember-qc[analysis]

ember-qc-analysis has no quantum dependencies and can be installed on any machine. It provides tools for loading, comparing, and visualising benchmark results from EMBER output directories.

To automatically generate an analysis report after a benchmark run:

ember run experiment.yaml --analyze

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Hardware Topologies

EMBER benchmarks embedding onto standard D-Wave hardware topologies:

Topology	Family	Nodes	Edges
chimera_16x16x4	Chimera	2,048	6,016
pegasus_16	Pegasus	5,640	40,484
zephyr_12	Zephyr	4,800	45,864

Smaller variants (chimera_4x4x4, pegasus_4, etc.) are also registered for testing.

ember topologies list
ember topologies list --family pegasus

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Requirements

• Python 3.10+
• networkx >= 2.6
• numpy >= 1.20
• pandas >= 1.3
• dwave-networkx >= 0.8
• minorminer >= 0.2

No D-Wave account or quantum hardware required.

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Documentation

Full documentation: github.com/zachmacsmith/ember/tree/main/docs

Document	Description
Getting Started	Full tutorial with examples
Experiment YAML Reference	All YAML keys and defaults
CLI Reference	All ember commands and flags
Graph Library	Graph types, presets, browsing, installation
Graph Presets	Preset selection guide and experiment configurations
Results Schema	Database tables and column definitions
Custom Algorithms	Writing and registering custom algorithms
Reproducibility	Seeding, resolved YAML, checkpointing
Troubleshooting	Common problems and fixes

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Contributing

Contributions are welcome. Please open an issue before submitting a pull request for significant changes.

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License

MIT — see LICENSE for details.