esbmtk 0.7.3.5

An Earth Sciences Box Modeling Toolkit

Table of Contents

1. ESBMTK - An Earth-sciences box modeling toolkit
2. News
3. Contributing
4. Installation
5. Documentation
6. Todo
7. License

ESBMTK - An Earth-sciences box modeling toolkit

ESBMTK is a python library that aims to simplify typical box modeling projects in the Earth-Sciences. The general focus is to make box modeling more approachable for classroom teaching. Performance and scalability are currently no priority. Specifically, the solver is just a simple forward Euler scheme, so stiff problems are not handled gracefully.

At present, it will calculate masses/concentrations in reservoirs and fluxes, including isotope ratios. It provides a variety of classes that allow the creation and manipulation of input signals and the generation of graphical results.

News

• March 2^nd 0.7.3.4 Flux_summary now supports an exclude keyword. Hot fixed an error in the gas exchange code, which affected the total mass of atmosphere calculations. For the time being, the mass of the atmosphere is treated as constant.

• 0.7.3.0 Flux data is no longer kept by default. This results in huge memory savings. esbmtk now requires python 3.9 or higher, and also depends on os and psutil. the scale with flux process now uses the ref_flux keyword instead of ref_reservoirs. Models must adapt their scripts accordingly. esbmtk objects no longer provide delta values by default. Rather they need to be calculated in the post-processing step via M.get_delta_values(). The f_0 keyword in the weathering connection is now called rate. Using the old keyword will result in a unit error.

• January 8^th 0.7.2.2 Fixed several isotope calculation regressions. Added 31 Unit tests.

• January 5th, 0.7.2.0 Reworked the naming scheme for fluxes and connections. This will break existing model definitions. Several bugfixes, isotope calculations are currently broken.

• December 31^st, 0.7.1.2 Rewrote the signal class. It now supports bell curve type signals and clips signals that exceed the model domain. It is recommended to update to python 3.9

• December 10^th, 0.7.1.1 Keyword parsing now only checks known keywords but will ignore all unknown keywords. This simplifies passing keywords to underlying instances. Fixed some indexation problems in seldom-used routines. Fluxes are now processed in the order they are created. Added weathering as new connection type.

• August 10^th, Added KF and KS values for hydrogen fluoride and bisulfate to the seawater chemistry module.

• August 2^nd, 0.7.0.0 Python namespaces are now the default. Esbmtk now supports carbonate chemistry. Tracers like bicarbonate and carbonate-ion concentration can be calculated for reservoir groups that track total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon. The function add_carbonate_system_1 will add these tracers to a given reservoir group. The function add_carbonate_system_2 will additionally compute carbonate burial and dissolution fluxes, following the approach of . Big thanks to Tina and Mahrukh, who developed and tested the carbonate chemistry module. Note that the current release has not yet updated the documentation or the examples in the github repository.

• July 28^th, esbmtk now supports python name spaces. The default is still to register all esbmtk objects in the global namespace. However, in cases where models need to be integrated into python code, you can now set the register = 'local' keyword in the model declaration. In this case, all model objects follow a hierarchical naming scheme e.g., M.A_sb.DIC denotes the DIC concentration in the A_sb reservoir group that belongs to model M.

• July 20^th, the model object now provides a sub_sample_data() which will resample all model data to a default grid of 1000 data points before plotting.

• July 17^th, ExternalCode is a new class to allow integration of arbitrary code. This replaces the VirtualReservoir-no_set class

• June 17^th, data and state files are now stored in sub directories. Model runs can now be broken down into individual segments which allows for long running models without exhausting memory. See the step_limit parameter in Model. ESBMTK now automatically reduces the number of datapoints to 1000 before saving (or plotting) data. See the number_of_datapoints parameter in Model.

• May 26^th, 0.6.0.0 changed data-structure for the Generic_Function class. This will break any previous use of VirtualReservoir_no_set instances. See the API documentation on how to update. Changed the data-structure of all process classes. There should be no user-facing changes.

• May 13^th, 0.5.1.3 Multiple regression fixes, the ref keyword is now called ref_reservoirs. Added two new classes Reservoir_no_set, and VirtualReservoir_no_set. Both classes are agnostic about changes to their data. =Reservoir_no_set will only change in response to fluxes, but will not update concentration data etc. Likewise for VirtualReservoir_no_set whose values will only change in response to the associated function

• May 5^th, 0.5.0.1 The Datafield Class now accepts lists of datasets. This facilitates the grouping of data that belong together into a single graph.

• April 26^th Further changes to the naming scheme in group connections. A connection group object now consists of the group name followed by the connection name, e.g., [e-mail]4_2_PO4 which denotes a connection from sb to db transferring the species PO4. This conflicts with the previous scheme where the above would reference a flux. The corresponding flux can be referenced by adding _F to the above connection name. I.e., [e-mail]4_2_PO4_F. Since this breaks previous code, the version is updated to 0.5.0.0

• April 25^th v 0.4.3.0 ESBMTK has now 3 different solvers. The hybrid solver mentioned below, and a full numba solver that is about 10 faster. The latter does not yet support all connection properties, though. The solver is chosen via the optional solver keyword in the run method: M.run(solver = "hybrid"), or M.run(solver = "numba"). Both incur a startup overhead of about 3 to 5 seconds. In order to make the numba solver work, the interface definition for the GenericFunction and VirtualReservoir classes changed from 6 to 3 arguments, and all 3 arguments must be present and follow a strict structure (see the class definitions). This also required changes in the carbonate chemistry module, specifically the functions which calculate pH and carbonate alkalinity. The documentation is now available at https://uliw.github.io/esbmtk/

• April 13^th: rewrote the solver that is now 3 times faster. Added numba to the solver code, however, the performance gain is currently only a few percent. Added plot method to the model class. This method will plot any object in a given list. This is useful for larger models where one is only interested in a subset of results.

• April 10^th: The hopefully last tweak to the naming scheme. All fluxes belong to a connection (see model.connection_summmary()), and registered in the respective connection namespace (i.e., sb2ib.flux_name). All processes are now registered in the respective flux name space, i.e., sb2ib.flux_name.process_name. All of these can be queried with the info method, e.g., sb2ib.flux_name.process_name.info()

• April 6^th, added several functions which aid in the bulk creation of reservoirs and connections (i.e., create_reservoirs, create_bulk_connections). The hypsometry class is now part of the Model object and now has a method to calculate the volume contained in a given depth interval. To calculate the ocean volume, you can call e.g., Model.hyp(0,-6000) see the api docs for the sealevel module for details. Reservoirs can now be specified by their geometry rather than by volume or mass. See the documentation of the reservoir class.

  The DataField class will now print a warning when used before model results are computed

• April 1^st. Added carbonate_system() function to the carbonate chemistry module. This function simplifies the setup of the H⁺ and carbonate alkalinity reservoirs. See the api docs for details.

  • March 28^th added a flux_summmary() and connection_summary() methods to the model class.

• March 27^th, 0.4.0.5 added the hypsometry class, which provides a spline representation of the hypsometry between -6000 mbsl and 1000 asl.This class provides the area() method which calculates the seafloor surface area between two depth dates. See the online api documentation for details.

• March 26^th, 0.4.0.4 the write_state and read_state methods are now compatible with ReservoirGroups

• March 18^th esbmtk 0.4.0.0 now has a carbonate chemistry module which currently includes methods to calculate PCO₂, CA, and H⁺ concentrations from TA and DIC. The seawater class has been renamed SeawaterConstants and provides access to a limited set of seawater species concentrations and their K and Pk constants at given set of temperature, salinity, and pressure conditions. This version also includes some refactoring in the Connnection and ConnectionGroup classes. It is likely that this broke some connection types.

• March 13^th, cleaned up the use of the k_value keyword which is now restricted to the flux_balance connection type. In all other instances use the scale keyword instead. The old keyword is still working, but will print a warning message. The describe() method is now called info().

• March 11^th, added a seawater class that provides access to K-values, and concentrations.

• March 10^th, the code documentation is now available at https://uliw.github.io/esbmtk/

• March 6^th, the plot reservoir function now takes and additional filename argument e.g., (fn="foo.pdf"). Signals now accept an optional reservoir argument. This simplifies signal creation as the source and reservoir connection can be created implicitly.

• Feb. 28^th, added a VirtualReservoir class. This class allows the definition of reservoirs that depend on the execution of a user-defined function. See the class documentation for details.

  Display precision can now be set independently for each Reservoir, Flux, Signal, Datafield and VirtualReservoir

• Jan. 30^th, added oxygen and nitrogen species definitions

• Jan. 18^th, Reading a previous model state is now more robust. It no longer requires the models model have the same numbers of fluxes. It will attempt to match by name, and print a warning for those fluxes it could not match.

• Jan. 12^th, The model object now accepts a plot_style keyword

• Jan. 5^th, Connector objects and fluxes use now a more consistent naming scheme: Source_2_Sink_Connector, and the associated flux is named Source_2_Sink_Flux. Processes acting on flux are named Source_2_Sink_Pname

  The model type (m_type) now defaults to mass_only, and will ignore isotope calculations. Use m_type = "both" to get the old behavior.

• Dec. 30^th, the connection object has now a generalized update method that allows to update all or a subset of all parameters

• Dec. 23^rd, the connection object has now the basic machinery to allow updates to the connection properties after the connection has been established. If need be, updates will trigger a change to the connection type and re-initialize the associated processes. At present this works for changes to the rate, the fractionation factor, possibly delta.

• Dec. 20^th, added a new connection type (flux_balance) which allows equilibration fluxes between two reservoirs without the need to specify forward and backwards fluxes explicitly. See the equilibration example in the example directory.

• Dec. 9^th, added a basic logging infrastructure. Added describe() method to Model, Reservoir and Connnection classes. This will list details about the fluxes and processes etc. Lot's of code cleanup and refactoring.

• Dec. 7^th, When calling an instance without arguments, it now returns the values it was initialized with. In other words, it will print the code which was used to initialize the instance.

• Dec. 5^th, added a DataField Class. This allows for the integration of data which is computed after the model finishes into the model summary plots.

• Nov. 26^th Species definitions now accept an optional display string. This allows pretty-printed output for chemical formulas.

• Nov. 24^th New functions to list all connections of a reservoir, and to list all processes associated with a connection. This allows the use of the help system on process names. New interface to specify connections with more complex characteristics (e.g., scale a flux in response to reservoir concentration). This will breaks existing scripts that use these kind of connections. See the Quickstart guide on how to change the connection definition.

• Nov. 23^rd A model can now save its state, which can then be used to initialize a subsequent model run. This is particularly useful for models which require a spin-up phase to reach equilibrium

• Nov. 18^th, started to add unit tests for selected modules. Added unit conversions to external data sets. External data can now be directly associated with a reservoir.

• Nov. 5^th, released version 0.2. This version is now unit aware. So rather than having a separate keyword for unit, quantities are now specified together wit their unit, e.g., rate = "15 mol/s". This breaks the API, and requires that existing scripts are modified. I thus also removed much of the existing documentation until I have time to update it.

• Oct. 27^th, added documentation on how to integrate user written process classes, added a class that allows for concentration-dependent flux. Updated the documentation, added examples

• Oct. 25^th, Initial release on github.

Contributing

Don't be shy. Contributing is as easy as finding bugs by using the code, or maybe you want to add a new process code? If you have plenty of time to spare, ESMBTK could use a solver for stiff problems, or a graphical interface ;-) See the todo section for ideas.

Installation

ESBMTK relies on the following python versions and libraries

• python > 3.9
• matplotlib
• numpy
• pandas
• typing
• nptyping
• pint

If you work with conda, it is recommended to install the above via conda. If you work with pip, the installer should install these libraries automatically. ESBMTK itself can be installed with pip

• pip install esbmtk

Documentation

The documentation is available in org format or in pdf format. See the documentation folder, specifically the quickstart guide.

The API documentation is available at https://uliw.github.io/esbmtk/esbmtk/index.html

At present, I also provide the following example cases (as py-files and in jupyter notebook format)

• A trivial carbon cycle model which shows how to set up the model, and read an external csv file to force the model.

Todo

• expand the documentation
• provide more examples
• do more testing

License

ESBMTK: A general purpose Earth Science box model toolkit Copyright (C), 2020 Ulrich G. Wortmann

This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program. If not, see https://www.gnu.org/licenses/.