fast-math-rs
Arithmetic and number theory on Python numbers, implemented in Rust.
Every function behaves as the Python operator or math function of the same name: int with int gives an
exact int, anything with a float gives a float, -7 // 2 is -4, and the errors are Python's own. The one
difference is the width of an integer: 64 bits, and a result that does not fit raises OverflowError instead of
growing. The core is written in Rust with PyO3, ships as one wheel per platform for every
CPython from 3.11 on, and runs without the GIL on free-threaded Python.
Installation
pip install fast-math-rs
The distribution is fast-math-rs (PyPI keeps fast-math for the older fastmath); the module it installs
is fast_math.
Requires CPython 3.11+. Wheels: Linux (x86_64, aarch64; glibc and musl), macOS (x86_64, arm64) and Windows (x64), each an abi3 wheel plus one for free-threaded CPython 3.14t. Elsewhere pip builds the sdist, which needs a Rust toolchain.
Quick start
>>> import fast_math as fm
>>> fm.add(2, 3)
5
>>> fm.add(2, 0.5)
2.5
>>> fm.div(7, 2)
3.5
>>> fm.floordiv(-7, 2), fm.mod(-7, 2)
(-4, 1)
>>> fm.pow(2, 10), fm.pow(2, -1)
(1024, 0.5)
>>> fm.gcd(12, 18), fm.lcm(4, 6)
(6, 12)
>>> fm.is_prime(2**61 - 1)
True
>>> fm.primes_up_to(30)
[2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29]
An integer result beyond 64 bits raises instead of wrapping around or losing precision:
>>> fm.add(2**63 - 1, 1)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
OverflowError: integer result does not fit into 64 bits
>>> fm.factorial(21)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
OverflowError: integer result does not fit into 64 bits
Functions
| function | Python equivalent | result |
|---|---|---|
add(a, b), sub(a, b), mul(a, b) |
a + b, a - b, a * b |
int for two ints, float otherwise |
div(a, b) |
a / b |
always float, correctly rounded for two ints |
floordiv(a, b), mod(a, b) |
a // b, a % b |
floored: the remainder has the sign of b |
pow(base, exp) |
base ** exp |
int for an int base and a non-negative int exponent |
abs(x) |
abs(x) |
the type of x |
sqrt(x) |
math.sqrt(x) |
float |
gcd(a, b), lcm(a, b) |
math.gcd(a, b), math.lcm(a, b) |
int, never negative |
factorial(n) |
math.factorial(n) |
int, up to factorial(20) |
fibonacci(n) |
— | int, fibonacci(0) == 0, up to fibonacci(92) |
is_prime(n) |
— | bool, exact for every 64-bit integer |
primes_up_to(n) |
— | list[int] of the primes <= n, without the GIL meanwhile |
Arguments are int (and bool) or float; anything else raises TypeError, an int beyond 64 bits
OverflowError. Every difference from Python is listed in Semantics.
Performance
A call into Rust costs about 20 ns more than a call of a C builtin, so fast_math.add is slower than a + b;
the core pays off where it does the work in a loop. On an Apple M-series CPU, Python 3.14:
| operation | fast_math | baseline | speedup |
|---|---|---|---|
add(2, 3) |
48 ns | operator.add, 26 ns |
0.54x |
fibonacci(90) |
66 ns | Python loop, 1.6 µs | 24x |
is_prime, 1000 numbers near 10**18 |
0.90 ms | Python Miller-Rabin, 4.9 ms | 5.5x |
primes_up_to(10**6) |
2.2 ms | Python sieve, 19.8 ms | 9.0x |
Every case and how to rerun them: Benchmarks.
Documentation
- Semantics: what Python semantics means here, the 64-bit integers, every error
- Development: the toolchain,
maketargets, CI and releases - Benchmarks
- Decisions: why Rust, why 64 bits, why Python is the reference, why these wheels
- Changelog
License
1 maintainer
Metadata
1 maintainer
Release files for fast-math-rs 0.1.1
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