Code-based OpenTelemetry auto-instrumentation for Python
Project description
fastx-opentelemetry
基于代码的 OpenTelemetry 自动增强 SDK 封装。一行代码完成 OpenTelemetry 初始化,自动发现并加载所有已安装的 instrumentation 库。
特性
- 一行初始化 —
fastx_opentelemetry.init(service_name="my-app")完成全部配置 - 自动发现增强 — 自动检测并加载所有已安装的
opentelemetry-instrumentation-*包 - 智能建议 — 检测已安装但未增强的库,提示安装对应 instrumentation 包
- 上下游服务串联 — 自动传播 Baggage 中的服务调用链(
parent.service.name/parent.service.names/current.service.name) - Baggage → Span 属性 — 自动将 Baggage 条目复制为 Span 属性,无需手动操作
- 内置采样器 — 提供
RulesBasedSampler(按规则采样)和RateLimitingSampler(限流采样) - 自动资源检测 — 自动采集 hostname、IP、PID、instance ID 以及云平台属性(
cloud.platform、cloud.region等) - 环境变量兼容 — 完全兼容 OpenTelemetry 标准环境变量
- 信号级端点 — 自动为 traces/metrics/logs 拼接
/v1/traces、/v1/metrics、/v1/logs路径
安装
# 基础安装
pip install fastx-opentelemetry
# 带 OTLP gRPC 导出器
pip install fastx-opentelemetry[otlp-grpc]
# 带 OTLP HTTP 导出器
pip install fastx-opentelemetry[otlp-http]
# 全部安装
pip install fastx-opentelemetry[all]
快速开始
最简用法
import fastx_opentelemetry
fastx_opentelemetry.init()
配合环境变量:
export OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_ENDPOINT=http://collector:4318
export OTEL_SERVICE_NAME=my-app
python my_app.py
Flask 应用
import fastx_opentelemetry
# 必须在创建 Flask app 之前初始化
fastx_opentelemetry.init(service_name="my-flask-app")
from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route("/hello")
def hello():
return {"message": "Hello, World!"}
Django 应用
在 settings.py 中添加:
import fastx_opentelemetry
fastx_opentelemetry.init(service_name="my-django-app")
FastAPI 应用
import fastx_opentelemetry
fastx_opentelemetry.init(service_name="my-fastapi-app")
from fastapi import FastAPI
app = FastAPI()
@app.get("/hello")
async def hello():
return {"message": "Hello, World!"}
高级用法
自定义采样器
import fastx_opentelemetry
from fastx_opentelemetry import RulesBasedSampler, SamplingRule, RateLimitingSampler
from opentelemetry.sdk.trace.sampling import ALWAYS_ON, ALWAYS_OFF, TraceIdRatioBased
sampler = RulesBasedSampler(
rules=[
SamplingRule(match_name="/health.*", sampler=ALWAYS_ON),
SamplingRule(match_name="/static/.*", sampler=ALWAYS_OFF),
SamplingRule(match_name="/api/.*", sampler=TraceIdRatioBased(0.1)),
],
default_sampler=RateLimitingSampler(max_spans_per_second=50),
)
fastx_opentelemetry.init(
service_name="my-app",
sampler=sampler,
)
完整配置
import fastx_opentelemetry
from opentelemetry.sdk.trace.export import ConsoleSpanExporter, SimpleSpanProcessor
console_processor = SimpleSpanProcessor(ConsoleSpanExporter())
loaded = fastx_opentelemetry.init(
service_name="my-app",
endpoint="http://collector:4317", # 自动拼接 /v1/traces, /v1/metrics, /v1/logs
protocol="grpc",
compression="gzip",
headers={"Authorization": "Bearer token123"},
extra_resource_attributes={
"deployment.environment": "production",
"service.version": "1.2.3",
},
span_processors=[console_processor],
disabled_instrumentations=["sqlite3"],
)
print(f"Loaded instrumentors: {loaded}")
禁用特定增强
fastx_opentelemetry.init(
service_name="my-app",
disabled_instrumentations=["sqlite3", "urllib"],
)
或通过环境变量:
export OTEL_PYTHON_DISABLED_INSTRUMENTATIONS=sqlite3,urllib
禁用所有增强(仅初始化 SDK,不加载任何 instrumentor):
fastx_opentelemetry.init(
service_name="my-app",
disabled_instrumentations=["*"],
)
上下游服务串联
FastxBaggagePropagator 和 FastxSpanProcessor 在 init() 时自动启用,无需额外配置。它们实现了与 Go 端 fastx_otel.go 一致的 Baggage 传播逻辑:
FastxBaggagePropagator— 包装 W3C Baggage 传播器,提取时自动转换服务链:- 将
current.service.name移入parent.service.name - 将
current.service.name追加到parent.service.names(以++分隔,去重) - 将
current.service.name设置为本地服务名
- 将
FastxSpanProcessor— 在 Span 开始时,自动将所有 Baggage 条目复制为 Span 属性
这意味着在微服务调用链中,每个服务的 Span 都会携带完整的上游服务链信息,便于在后端(如 Jaeger、Grafana)中追踪调用路径。
环境变量
| 变量 | 说明 | 默认值 |
|---|---|---|
FASTX_PYTHON_INSTRUMENTATION_ENABLED |
全局开关,false 时跳过全部初始化 |
true |
OTEL_SERVICE_NAME |
服务名称 | unknown_service |
OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_ENDPOINT |
OTLP Collector 地址(自动拼接信号路径) | — |
OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_PROTOCOL |
传输协议 http/protobuf 或 grpc |
http/protobuf |
OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_COMPRESSION |
压缩方式 gzip/deflate/none |
gzip |
OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_TRACES_HEADERS |
导出器请求头 | — |
OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER |
采样器名称 | parentbased_always_on |
OTEL_PYTHON_DISABLED_INSTRUMENTATIONS |
禁用的增强列表(逗号分隔,* 禁用全部) |
— |
OTEL_PYTHON_LOGGING_AUTO_INSTRUMENTATION_ENABLED |
是否启用日志自动增强 | true |
IP_ADDR |
自动检测为 host.ip 资源属性 |
本地非回环 IP |
CLOUD_TYPE |
自动检测为 cloud.platform 资源属性 |
— |
REGION_CODE |
自动检测为 cloud.region 资源属性 |
— |
AZ_CODE |
自动检测为 cloud.availability 资源属性 |
— |
env_cd |
自动检测为 deployment.environment.name 资源属性 |
— |
安装增强库
fastx-opentelemetry 会自动检测已安装的库并加载对应的 instrumentation。你需要手动安装需要的 instrumentation 包:
# Web 框架
pip install opentelemetry-instrumentation-flask
pip install opentelemetry-instrumentation-django
pip install opentelemetry-instrumentation-fastapi
# HTTP 客户端
pip install opentelemetry-instrumentation-requests
pip install opentelemetry-instrumentation-httpx
pip install opentelemetry-instrumentation-urllib
# 数据库
pip install opentelemetry-instrumentation-sqlalchemy
pip install opentelemetry-instrumentation-psycopg2
pip install opentelemetry-instrumentation-redis
pip install opentelemetry-instrumentation-pymongo
# 消息队列
pip install opentelemetry-instrumentation-celery
pip install opentelemetry-instrumentation-kafka-python
检查已安装的增强库:
pip list | grep opentelemetry-instrumentation
API 参考
fastx_opentelemetry.init(**kwargs)
初始化 OpenTelemetry SDK 并加载所有已安装的 instrumentor。
参数:
| 参数 | 类型 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
service_name |
str | None |
服务名称,回退到 OTEL_SERVICE_NAME |
endpoint |
str | None |
OTLP Collector 地址(自动拼接信号路径) |
protocol |
str | None |
http/protobuf 或 grpc |
compression |
str | None |
gzip、deflate 或 none |
headers |
dict | None |
OTLP 导出器请求头 |
extra_resource_attributes |
dict | None |
额外的资源属性 |
span_processors |
list | None |
自定义 SpanProcessor 列表 |
sampler |
Sampler | None |
自定义采样器实例 |
disabled_instrumentations |
list | None |
禁用的 instrumentor 名称列表,"*" 禁用全部 |
返回值: list[str] — 成功加载的 instrumentor 名称列表。
fastx_opentelemetry.list_available_instrumentors()
返回所有已安装的 instrumentor 名称列表。
fastx_opentelemetry.suggest_missing_instrumentations(loaded)
检查已安装但未增强的库,返回建议安装的 instrumentation 包名列表。
采样器
RulesBasedSampler(rules, default_sampler=None)
按规则匹配 span 名称或属性,委托给不同的采样器。
SamplingRule(sampler, match_name=None, match_attributes=None)
单条采样规则。match_name 为正则表达式匹配 span 名称,match_attributes 为属性键值对匹配。
RateLimitingSampler(max_spans_per_second)
基于令牌桶算法的限流采样器,限制每秒采样的 span 数量。
Baggage 传播与 Span 处理
FastxBaggagePropagator
包装 W3C Baggage 传播器,在 extract 时自动转换服务调用链。init() 时自动设置为全局传播器。
FastxSpanProcessor
在 Span on_start 时将所有 Baggage 条目复制为 Span 属性。init() 时自动添加到 TracerProvider。
本地开发
# 安装依赖
pip install -e ".[all]"
# 运行示例
export OTEL_LOG_LEVEL=debug
export OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_ENDPOINT=http://127.0.0.1:4318
export OTEL_SERVICE_NAME=my-app
python examples/app.py
License
Apache-2.0
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