fhir-slicing 0.2.4

FHIR Slicing utilities build on top of Pydantic

🔪 FHIR Slicing utilities for Pydantic

A Python library that simplifies working with nested elements in FHIR resources using Pydantic models and smart slicing.

🚀 Installation

pip install fhir-slicing

🤔 The Challenge

Working with FHIR resources in Python can be challenging due to their complex structure and extensibility. FHIR resources often contain:

• Nested elements with cardinality 0..* or 1..*
• Extension arrays with unknown elements

This leads to verbose and error-prone code when accessing nested data:

# Traditional way to access birth place
birth_place = next(
    (e.valueAddress.city
     for e in patient.extension
     if e.url == "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/patient-birthPlace"),
    None
)

# Traditional way to access systolic blood pressure
bp_reading = observation.component[0].valueQuantity.value  # Fragile! Assumes systolic is first

# or by code but not very readable
systolic = next(
    (c.valueQuantity.value
     for c in observation.component
     if c.code.coding[0].code == "8480-6"),
    None
)

✨ Solution: Smart Slicing

This library introduces a more intuitive way to access nested FHIR data using named slices, inspired by FHIR's slicing mechanism.

Known slices are defined as annotated fields in Pydantic models, which provide:

• ✅ Validation of slice cardinality
• 🛡️ Type safety for slice elements
• 📖 Improved readability

Example: Patient with birthPlace extension

# Access known extensions by name, while preserving access to unknown ones
patient.extension.birthPlace.valueAddress.city
patient.extension[0]  # Still works for accessing any extension

Example: Blood Pressure Observation with systolic and diastolic components

# Access components naturally
bp = BloodPressureObservation.model_validate(data)
systolic = bp.component.systolic.valueQuantity.value
diastolic = bp.component.diastolic.valueQuantity.value

❓ How

Setting up your models for slicing is as simple as subclassing ElementArray and defining a discriminator method.

[!NOTE] Interested in how it works? Check out this blog post for more details. Example: Patient with birthPlace extension

from pydantic_fhir_slicing import Slice, ElementArray
from my_fhir_types import Address, BaseModel

class AddressExtension(BaseModel):
    url: str
    valueAddress: Address

class PatientExtensions(ElementArray):
    birthPlace: AddressExtension = Slice(1, 1)

    def discriminator(self, item) -> str:
        url = item.get("url", None)
        match url:
            case "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/patient-birthPlace":
                return "birthPlace"
            case _:
                return "@default"

class Patient(BaseModel):
    extension: PatientExtensions

Example: Blood Pressure Observation with systolic and diastolic components

from pydantic_fhir_slicing import ElementArray
from my_fhir_types import CodeableConcept, Quantity, BaseModel

class QuantityComponent(BaseModel):
    code: CodeableConcept
    valueQuantity: Quantity

class BPComponents(ElementArray):
    systolic: QuantityComponent = Slice(1, 1)
    diastolic: QuantityComponent = Slice(1, 1)

    def discriminator(self, item: Component) -> str:
        try:
            code = item["code"]["coding"][0]["code"]
            match code:
                case "8480-6":
                    return "systolic"
                case "8462-4":
                    return "diastolic"
                case _:
                    return "@default"
        except (KeyError, IndexError):
            return "@default"

class BloodPressureObservation(BaseModel):
    code: CodeableConcept
    component: BPComponents

👥 Contributing

Contributions are welcome! Please feel free to submit a Pull Request.

📜 License

MIT License