gcslock 0.0.5

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gcs-atomic-lock

gcs-atomic-lock is a Python library that uses Google Cloud Storage (GCS) object generations and * metagenerations* to implement a lightweight distributed lock with strong, atomic semantics.
It wraps GCS’s conditional write APIs and exposes a simple Python context manager for acquiring, updating, and releasing a lock.

• Language: Python 3.10+
• Package manager: uv
• Status: Library + unit tests
• License: See LICENSE

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Features

• Atomic lock acquisition
  Uses GCS’s ifGenerationMatch=0 conditional write to ensure collision-free lock acquisition.
• Safe lock updates
  Updates metadata with ifMetagenerationMatch to detect changes made by other processes.

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How It Works

1. Check the lock object

   • GET the lock object from the bucket.
   • If not found → lock is free (or expired).
   • If found → read generation, metageneration, and metadata.

2. Acquire the lock

   • PUT with ifGenerationMatch=0.
   • If the object already exists → 412 Precondition Failed → acquisition fails.
   • If created successfully (200 OK) → lock acquired.

3. Update the lock (optional)

   • PATCH with ifMetagenerationMatch=<current>.
   • If another process updated it → 412 → treat as contention.
   • On success (200 OK) → metadata updated.

4. Release the lock

   • DELETE the object (204 No Content on success).
   • Optionally verify ownership via stored metadata before deletion.

Flow

flowchart
    A[Start] --> B{GET Bucket}
    B -- Not Found --> Z[Bucket Not Found Error]
    B -- Found --> C{GET Object}
    C -- Not Found --> D[PUT with ifGenerationMatch=0]
    D -- 412 --> E[LOCK FAILED]
    D -- 200 --> F[LOCK SUCCESS]
    C -- Found --> G[PATCH with ifMetagenerationMatch=CurrentValue]
    G -- 412 --> E
    G -- 200 --> F
    F --> H[DELETE Object to Unlock]
    H -- 204 --> I[LOCK RELEASED]

Installation

pip install gcslock

Example

Authentication Requirement

Before running the example below, make sure you have authenticated with Google Cloud. You can either:

• Run

  gcloud auth application-default login
  

• Or create a Credentials instance using a Service Account key JSON file.

Without authentication, the library will not be able to access GCS.

Code Example

from gcslock import GcsLock, LockState
from gcslock.exception import GcsLockError
from google.oauth2.service_account import Credentials

# Optional: Authenticate with Google Cloud Service Account key JSON file
# cred = Credentials.from_service_account_file("path/to/service_account.json")

BUCKET = "your-bucket-name"
OBJECT = "locks/my-resource.lock"
OWNER = "your-owner-id"
LOCK_EXPIRES_SEC = 60

lock = GcsLock(lock_owner=OWNER)

try:
    with lock.acquire(
        bucket_name=BUCKET, object_key=OBJECT, expires_seconds=LOCK_EXPIRES_SEC
    ) as lock:
        # Critical section
        ...
except GcsLockError as e:
    print(f"Lock error: {e}")

Use Cases

• Preventing concurrent execution in distributed job schedulers
• Coordinating resource access across multiple instances
• Building a lightweight distributed locking mechanism using GCS