geojson 2.4.1

Python bindings and utilities for GeoJSON

python-geojson
==============

.. image:: https://img.shields.io/travis/frewsxcv/python-geojson.svg
:target: https://travis-ci.org/frewsxcv/python-geojson
.. image:: https://img.shields.io/codecov/c/github/frewsxcv/python-geojson.svg
:target: https://codecov.io/github/frewsxcv/python-geojson?branch=master

This library contains:

- Functions for encoding and decoding GeoJSON_ formatted data
- Classes for all GeoJSON Objects
- An implementation of the Python `__geo_interface__ Specification`_

**Table of Contents**

.. contents::
:backlinks: none
:local:

Installation
------------

python-geojson is compatible with Python 2.7, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5 and 3.6. It is listed on `PyPi as 'geojson'`_. The recommended way to install is via pip_:

.. code::

pip install geojson

.. _PyPi as 'geojson': https://pypi.python.org/pypi/geojson/
.. _pip: http://www.pip-installer.org

GeoJSON Objects
---------------

This library implements all the `GeoJSON Objects`_ described in `The GeoJSON Format Specification`_.

.. _GeoJSON Objects: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7946#section-3

All object keys can also be used as attributes.

The objects contained in GeometryCollection and FeatureCollection can be indexed directly.

Point
~~~~~

.. code:: python

>>> from geojson import Point

>>> Point((-115.81, 37.24)) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
{"coordinates": [-115.8..., 37.2...], "type": "Point"}

Visualize the result of the example above `here <https://gist.github.com/frewsxcv/b5768a857f5598e405fa>`__. General information about Point can be found in `Section 3.1.2`_ and `Appendix A: Points`_ within `The GeoJSON Format Specification`_.

.. _Section 3.1.2: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7946#section-3.1.2
.. _Appendix A\: Points: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7946#appendix-A.1

MultiPoint
~~~~~~~~~~

.. code:: python

>>> from geojson import MultiPoint

>>> MultiPoint([(-155.52, 19.61), (-156.22, 20.74), (-157.97, 21.46)]) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
{"coordinates": [[-155.5..., 19.6...], [-156.2..., 20.7...], [-157.9..., 21.4...]], "type": "MultiPoint"}

Visualize the result of the example above `here <https://gist.github.com/frewsxcv/be02025c1eb3aa2040ee>`__. General information about MultiPoint can be found in `Section 3.1.3`_ and `Appendix A: MultiPoints`_ within `The GeoJSON Format Specification`_.

.. _Section 3.1.3: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7946#section-3.1.3
.. _Appendix A\: MultiPoints: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7946#appendix-A.4


LineString
~~~~~~~~~~

.. code:: python

>>> from geojson import LineString

>>> LineString([(8.919, 44.4074), (8.923, 44.4075)]) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
{"coordinates": [[8.91..., 44.407...], [8.92..., 44.407...]], "type": "LineString"}

Visualize the result of the example above `here <https://gist.github.com/frewsxcv/758563182ca49ce8e8bb>`__. General information about LineString can be found in `Section 3.1.4`_ and `Appendix A: LineStrings`_ within `The GeoJSON Format Specification`_.

.. _Section 3.1.4: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7946#section-3.1.4
.. _Appendix A\: LineStrings: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7946#appendix-A.2

MultiLineString
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code:: python

>>> from geojson import MultiLineString

>>> MultiLineString([
... [(3.75, 9.25), (-130.95, 1.52)],
... [(23.15, -34.25), (-1.35, -4.65), (3.45, 77.95)]
... ]) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
{"coordinates": [[[3.7..., 9.2...], [-130.9..., 1.52...]], [[23.1..., -34.2...], [-1.3..., -4.6...], [3.4..., 77.9...]]], "type": "MultiLineString"}

Visualize the result of the example above `here <https://gist.github.com/frewsxcv/20b6522d8242ede00bb3>`__. General information about MultiLineString can be found in `Section 3.1.5`_ and `Appendix A: MultiLineStrings`_ within `The GeoJSON Format Specification`_.

.. _Section 3.1.5: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7946#section-3.1.5
.. _Appendix A\: MultiLineStrings: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7946#appendix-A.5

Polygon
~~~~~~~

.. code:: python

>>> from geojson import Polygon

>>> # no hole within polygon
>>> Polygon([[(2.38, 57.322), (23.194, -20.28), (-120.43, 19.15), (2.38, 57.322)]]) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
{"coordinates": [[[2.3..., 57.32...], [23.19..., -20.2...], [-120.4..., 19.1...]]], "type": "Polygon"}

>>> # hole within polygon
>>> Polygon([
... [(2.38, 57.322), (23.194, -20.28), (-120.43, 19.15), (2.38, 57.322)],
... [(-5.21, 23.51), (15.21, -10.81), (-20.51, 1.51), (-5.21, 23.51)]
... ]) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
{"coordinates": [[[2.3..., 57.32...], [23.19..., -20.2...], [-120.4..., 19.1...]], [[-5.2..., 23.5...], [15.2..., -10.8...], [-20.5..., 1.5...], [-5.2..., 23.5...]]], "type": "Polygon"}

Visualize the results of the example above `here <https://gist.github.com/frewsxcv/b2f5c31c10e399a63679>`__. General information about Polygon can be found in `Section 3.1.6`_ and `Appendix A: Polygons`_ within `The GeoJSON Format Specification`_.

.. _Section 3.1.6: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7946#section-3.1.6
.. _Appendix A\: Polygons: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7946#appendix-A.3

MultiPolygon
~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code:: python

>>> from geojson import MultiPolygon

>>> MultiPolygon([
... ([(3.78, 9.28), (-130.91, 1.52), (35.12, 72.234), (3.78, 9.28)],),
... ([(23.18, -34.29), (-1.31, -4.61), (3.41, 77.91), (23.18, -34.29)],)
... ]) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
{"coordinates": [[[[3.7..., 9.2...], [-130.9..., 1.5...], [35.1..., 72.23...]]], [[[23.1..., -34.2...], [-1.3..., -4.6...], [3.4..., 77.9...]]]], "type": "MultiPolygon"}

Visualize the result of the example above `here <https://gist.github.com/frewsxcv/e0388485e28392870b74>`__. General information about MultiPolygon can be found in `Section 3.1.7`_ and `Appendix A: MultiPolygons`_ within `The GeoJSON Format Specification`_.

.. _Section 3.1.7: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7946#section-3.1.7
.. _Appendix A\: MultiPolygons: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7946#appendix-A.6

GeometryCollection
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code:: python

>>> from geojson import GeometryCollection, Point, LineString

>>> my_point = Point((23.532, -63.12))

>>> my_line = LineString([(-152.62, 51.21), (5.21, 10.69)])

>>> geo_collection = GeometryCollection([my_point, my_line])

>>> geo_collection # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
{"geometries": [{"coordinates": [23.53..., -63.1...], "type": "Point"}, {"coordinates": [[-152.6..., 51.2...], [5.2..., 10.6...]], "type": "LineString"}], "type": "GeometryCollection"}

>>> geo_collection[1]
{"coordinates": [[-152.62, 51.21], [5.21, 10.69]], "type": "LineString"}

>>> geo_collection[0] == geo_collection.geometries[0]
True

Visualize the result of the example above `here <https://gist.github.com/frewsxcv/6ec8422e97d338a101b0>`__. General information about GeometryCollection can be found in `Section 3.1.8`_ and `Appendix A: GeometryCollections`_ within `The GeoJSON Format Specification`_.

.. _Section 3.1.8: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7946#section-3.1.8
.. _Appendix A\: GeometryCollections: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7946#appendix-A.7

Feature
~~~~~~~

.. code:: python

>>> from geojson import Feature, Point

>>> my_point = Point((-3.68, 40.41))

>>> Feature(geometry=my_point) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
{"geometry": {"coordinates": [-3.68..., 40.4...], "type": "Point"}, "properties": {}, "type": "Feature"}

>>> Feature(geometry=my_point, properties={"country": "Spain"}) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
{"geometry": {"coordinates": [-3.68..., 40.4...], "type": "Point"}, "properties": {"country": "Spain"}, "type": "Feature"}

>>> Feature(geometry=my_point, id=27) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
{"geometry": {"coordinates": [-3.68..., 40.4...], "type": "Point"}, "id": 27, "properties": {}, "type": "Feature"}

Visualize the results of the examples above `here <https://gist.github.com/frewsxcv/4488d30209d22685c075>`__. General information about Feature can be found in `Section 3.2`_ within `The GeoJSON Format Specification`_.

.. _Section 3.2: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7946#section-3.2

FeatureCollection
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code:: python

>>> from geojson import Feature, Point, FeatureCollection

>>> my_feature = Feature(geometry=Point((1.6432, -19.123)))

>>> my_other_feature = Feature(geometry=Point((-80.234, -22.532)))

>>> feature_collection = FeatureCollection([my_feature, my_other_feature])

>>> feature_collection # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
{"features": [{"geometry": {"coordinates": [1.643..., -19.12...], "type": "Point"}, "properties": {}, "type": "Feature"}, {"geometry": {"coordinates": [-80.23..., -22.53...], "type": "Point"}, "properties": {}, "type": "Feature"}], "type": "FeatureCollection"}

>>> feature_collection.errors()
[]

>>> (feature_collection[0] == feature_collection['features'][0], feature_collection[1] == my_other_feature)
(True, True)

Visualize the result of the example above `here <https://gist.github.com/frewsxcv/34513be6fb492771ef7b>`__. General information about FeatureCollection can be found in `Section 3.3`_ within `The GeoJSON Format Specification`_.

.. _Section 3.3: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7946#section-3.3

GeoJSON encoding/decoding
-------------------------

All of the GeoJSON Objects implemented in this library can be encoded and decoded into raw GeoJSON with the ``geojson.dump``, ``geojson.dumps``, ``geojson.load``, and ``geojson.loads`` functions. Note that each of these functions is a wrapper around the core `json` function with the same name, and will pass through any additional arguments. This allows you to control the JSON formatting or parsing behavior with the underlying core `json` functions.

.. code:: python

>>> import geojson

>>> my_point = geojson.Point((43.24, -1.532))

>>> my_point # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
{"coordinates": [43.2..., -1.53...], "type": "Point"}

>>> dump = geojson.dumps(my_point, sort_keys=True)

>>> dump # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
'{"coordinates": [43.2..., -1.53...], "type": "Point"}'

>>> geojson.loads(dump) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
{"coordinates": [43.2..., -1.53...], "type": "Point"}

Custom classes
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

This encoding/decoding functionality shown in the previous can be extended to custom classes using the interface described by the `__geo_interface__ Specification`_.

.. code:: python

>>> import geojson

>>> class MyPoint():
... def __init__(self, x, y):
... self.x = x
... self.y = y
...
... @property
... def __geo_interface__(self):
... return {'type': 'Point', 'coordinates': (self.x, self.y)}

>>> point_instance = MyPoint(52.235, -19.234)

>>> geojson.dumps(point_instance, sort_keys=True) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
'{"coordinates": [52.23..., -19.23...], "type": "Point"}'

Helpful utilities
-----------------

coords
~~~~~~

:code:`geojson.utils.coords` yields all coordinate tuples from a geometry or feature object.

.. code:: python

>>> import geojson

>>> my_line = LineString([(-152.62, 51.21), (5.21, 10.69)])

>>> my_feature = geojson.Feature(geometry=my_line)

>>> list(geojson.utils.coords(my_feature)) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
[(-152.62..., 51.21...), (5.21..., 10.69...)]

map_coords
~~~~~~~~~~

:code:`geojson.utils.map_coords` maps a function over all coordinate values and returns a geometry of the same type. Useful for scaling a geometry.

.. code:: python

>>> import geojson

>>> new_point = geojson.utils.map_coords(lambda x: x/2, geojson.Point((-115.81, 37.24)))

>>> geojson.dumps(new_point, sort_keys=True) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
'{"coordinates": [-57.905..., 18.62...], "type": "Point"}'

map_tuples
~~~~~~~~~~

:code:`geojson.utils.map_tuples` maps a function over all coordinates and returns a geometry of the same type. Useful for changing coordinate order or applying coordinate transforms.

.. code:: python

>>> import geojson

>>> new_point = geojson.utils.map_tuples(lambda c: (c[1], c[0]), geojson.Point((-115.81, 37.24)))

>>> geojson.dumps(new_point, sort_keys=True) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
'{"coordinates": [37.24..., -115.81], "type": "Point"}'

map_geometries
~~~~~~~~~~

:code:`geojson.utils.map_geometries` maps a function over each geometry in the input.

.. code:: python

>>> import geojson

>>> new_point = geojson.utils.map_geometries(lambda g: geojson.MultiPoint([g["coordinates"]]), geojson.GeometryCollection([geojson.Point((-115.81, 37.24))]))

>>> geojson.dumps(new_point, sort_keys=True)
'{"geometries": [{"coordinates": [[-115.81, 37.24]], "type": "MultiPoint"}], "type": "GeometryCollection"}'

validation
~~~~~~~~~~

:code:`is_valid` property provides simple validation of GeoJSON objects.

.. code:: python

>>> import geojson

>>> obj = geojson.Point((-3.68,40.41,25.14,10.34))
>>> obj.is_valid
False

:code:`errors` method provides collection of errors when validation GeoJSON objects.

.. code:: python

>>> import geojson

>>> obj = geojson.Point((-3.68,40.41,25.14,10.34))
>>> obj.errors()
'a position must have exactly 2 or 3 values'

generate_random
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

:code:`geojson.utils.generate_random` yields a geometry type with random data

.. code:: python

>>> import geojson

>>> geojson.utils.generate_random("LineString") # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
{"coordinates": [...], "type": "LineString"}

>>> geojson.utils.generate_random("Polygon") # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
{"coordinates": [...], "type": "Polygon"}


Development
-----------

To build this project, run :code:`python setup.py build`. To run the unit tests, run :code:`python setup.py test`.

Credits
-------

* Sean Gillies <[e-mail]>
* Matthew Russell <[e-mail]>
* Corey Farwell <[e-mail]>
* Blake Grotewold <[e-mail]>
* Zsolt Ero <[e-mail]>
* Sergey Romanov <[e-mail]>


.. _GeoJSON: http://geojson.org/
.. _The GeoJSON Format Specification: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7946
.. _\_\_geo\_interface\_\_ Specification: https://gist.github.com/sgillies/2217756