Skip to main content

Python bindings and utilities for GeoJSON

Project description

python-geojson
==============

.. image:: https://img.shields.io/travis/frewsxcv/python-geojson.svg
:target: https://travis-ci.org/frewsxcv/python-geojson
.. image:: https://img.shields.io/codecov/c/github/frewsxcv/python-geojson.svg
:target: https://codecov.io/github/frewsxcv/python-geojson?branch=master

This library contains:

- Functions for encoding and decoding GeoJSON_ formatted data
- Classes for all GeoJSON Objects
- An implementation of the Python `__geo_interface__ Specification`_

**Table of Contents**

.. contents::
:backlinks: none
:local:

Installation
------------

python-geojson is compatible with Python 2.7, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5 and 3.6. It is listed on `PyPi as 'geojson'`_. The recommended way to install is via pip_:

.. code::

pip install geojson

.. _PyPi as 'geojson': https://pypi.python.org/pypi/geojson/
.. _pip: http://www.pip-installer.org

GeoJSON Objects
---------------

This library implements all the `GeoJSON Objects`_ described in `The GeoJSON Format Specification`_.

.. _GeoJSON Objects: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7946#section-3

All object keys can also be used as attributes.

The objects contained in GeometryCollection and FeatureCollection can be indexed directly.

Point
~~~~~

.. code:: python

>>> from geojson import Point

>>> Point((-115.81, 37.24)) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
{"coordinates": [-115.8..., 37.2...], "type": "Point"}

Visualize the result of the example above `here <https://gist.github.com/frewsxcv/b5768a857f5598e405fa>`__. General information about Point can be found in `Section 3.1.2`_ and `Appendix A: Points`_ within `The GeoJSON Format Specification`_.

.. _Section 3.1.2: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7946#section-3.1.2
.. _Appendix A\: Points: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7946#appendix-A.1

MultiPoint
~~~~~~~~~~

.. code:: python

>>> from geojson import MultiPoint

>>> MultiPoint([(-155.52, 19.61), (-156.22, 20.74), (-157.97, 21.46)]) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
{"coordinates": [[-155.5..., 19.6...], [-156.2..., 20.7...], [-157.9..., 21.4...]], "type": "MultiPoint"}

Visualize the result of the example above `here <https://gist.github.com/frewsxcv/be02025c1eb3aa2040ee>`__. General information about MultiPoint can be found in `Section 3.1.3`_ and `Appendix A: MultiPoints`_ within `The GeoJSON Format Specification`_.

.. _Section 3.1.3: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7946#section-3.1.3
.. _Appendix A\: MultiPoints: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7946#appendix-A.4


LineString
~~~~~~~~~~

.. code:: python

>>> from geojson import LineString

>>> LineString([(8.919, 44.4074), (8.923, 44.4075)]) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
{"coordinates": [[8.91..., 44.407...], [8.92..., 44.407...]], "type": "LineString"}

Visualize the result of the example above `here <https://gist.github.com/frewsxcv/758563182ca49ce8e8bb>`__. General information about LineString can be found in `Section 3.1.4`_ and `Appendix A: LineStrings`_ within `The GeoJSON Format Specification`_.

.. _Section 3.1.4: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7946#section-3.1.4
.. _Appendix A\: LineStrings: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7946#appendix-A.2

MultiLineString
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code:: python

>>> from geojson import MultiLineString

>>> MultiLineString([
... [(3.75, 9.25), (-130.95, 1.52)],
... [(23.15, -34.25), (-1.35, -4.65), (3.45, 77.95)]
... ]) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
{"coordinates": [[[3.7..., 9.2...], [-130.9..., 1.52...]], [[23.1..., -34.2...], [-1.3..., -4.6...], [3.4..., 77.9...]]], "type": "MultiLineString"}

Visualize the result of the example above `here <https://gist.github.com/frewsxcv/20b6522d8242ede00bb3>`__. General information about MultiLineString can be found in `Section 3.1.5`_ and `Appendix A: MultiLineStrings`_ within `The GeoJSON Format Specification`_.

.. _Section 3.1.5: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7946#section-3.1.5
.. _Appendix A\: MultiLineStrings: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7946#appendix-A.5

Polygon
~~~~~~~

.. code:: python

>>> from geojson import Polygon

>>> # no hole within polygon
>>> Polygon([[(2.38, 57.322), (23.194, -20.28), (-120.43, 19.15), (2.38, 57.322)]]) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
{"coordinates": [[[2.3..., 57.32...], [23.19..., -20.2...], [-120.4..., 19.1...]]], "type": "Polygon"}

>>> # hole within polygon
>>> Polygon([
... [(2.38, 57.322), (23.194, -20.28), (-120.43, 19.15), (2.38, 57.322)],
... [(-5.21, 23.51), (15.21, -10.81), (-20.51, 1.51), (-5.21, 23.51)]
... ]) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
{"coordinates": [[[2.3..., 57.32...], [23.19..., -20.2...], [-120.4..., 19.1...]], [[-5.2..., 23.5...], [15.2..., -10.8...], [-20.5..., 1.5...], [-5.2..., 23.5...]]], "type": "Polygon"}

Visualize the results of the example above `here <https://gist.github.com/frewsxcv/b2f5c31c10e399a63679>`__. General information about Polygon can be found in `Section 3.1.6`_ and `Appendix A: Polygons`_ within `The GeoJSON Format Specification`_.

.. _Section 3.1.6: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7946#section-3.1.6
.. _Appendix A\: Polygons: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7946#appendix-A.3

MultiPolygon
~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code:: python

>>> from geojson import MultiPolygon

>>> MultiPolygon([
... ([(3.78, 9.28), (-130.91, 1.52), (35.12, 72.234), (3.78, 9.28)],),
... ([(23.18, -34.29), (-1.31, -4.61), (3.41, 77.91), (23.18, -34.29)],)
... ]) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
{"coordinates": [[[[3.7..., 9.2...], [-130.9..., 1.5...], [35.1..., 72.23...]]], [[[23.1..., -34.2...], [-1.3..., -4.6...], [3.4..., 77.9...]]]], "type": "MultiPolygon"}

Visualize the result of the example above `here <https://gist.github.com/frewsxcv/e0388485e28392870b74>`__. General information about MultiPolygon can be found in `Section 3.1.7`_ and `Appendix A: MultiPolygons`_ within `The GeoJSON Format Specification`_.

.. _Section 3.1.7: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7946#section-3.1.7
.. _Appendix A\: MultiPolygons: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7946#appendix-A.6

GeometryCollection
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code:: python

>>> from geojson import GeometryCollection, Point, LineString

>>> my_point = Point((23.532, -63.12))

>>> my_line = LineString([(-152.62, 51.21), (5.21, 10.69)])

>>> geo_collection = GeometryCollection([my_point, my_line])

>>> geo_collection # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
{"geometries": [{"coordinates": [23.53..., -63.1...], "type": "Point"}, {"coordinates": [[-152.6..., 51.2...], [5.2..., 10.6...]], "type": "LineString"}], "type": "GeometryCollection"}

>>> geo_collection[1]
{"coordinates": [[-152.62, 51.21], [5.21, 10.69]], "type": "LineString"}

>>> geo_collection[0] == geo_collection.geometries[0]
True

Visualize the result of the example above `here <https://gist.github.com/frewsxcv/6ec8422e97d338a101b0>`__. General information about GeometryCollection can be found in `Section 3.1.8`_ and `Appendix A: GeometryCollections`_ within `The GeoJSON Format Specification`_.

.. _Section 3.1.8: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7946#section-3.1.8
.. _Appendix A\: GeometryCollections: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7946#appendix-A.7

Feature
~~~~~~~

.. code:: python

>>> from geojson import Feature, Point

>>> my_point = Point((-3.68, 40.41))

>>> Feature(geometry=my_point) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
{"geometry": {"coordinates": [-3.68..., 40.4...], "type": "Point"}, "properties": {}, "type": "Feature"}

>>> Feature(geometry=my_point, properties={"country": "Spain"}) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
{"geometry": {"coordinates": [-3.68..., 40.4...], "type": "Point"}, "properties": {"country": "Spain"}, "type": "Feature"}

>>> Feature(geometry=my_point, id=27) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
{"geometry": {"coordinates": [-3.68..., 40.4...], "type": "Point"}, "id": 27, "properties": {}, "type": "Feature"}

Visualize the results of the examples above `here <https://gist.github.com/frewsxcv/4488d30209d22685c075>`__. General information about Feature can be found in `Section 3.2`_ within `The GeoJSON Format Specification`_.

.. _Section 3.2: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7946#section-3.2

FeatureCollection
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code:: python

>>> from geojson import Feature, Point, FeatureCollection

>>> my_feature = Feature(geometry=Point((1.6432, -19.123)))

>>> my_other_feature = Feature(geometry=Point((-80.234, -22.532)))

>>> feature_collection = FeatureCollection([my_feature, my_other_feature])

>>> feature_collection # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
{"features": [{"geometry": {"coordinates": [1.643..., -19.12...], "type": "Point"}, "properties": {}, "type": "Feature"}, {"geometry": {"coordinates": [-80.23..., -22.53...], "type": "Point"}, "properties": {}, "type": "Feature"}], "type": "FeatureCollection"}

>>> feature_collection.errors()
[]

>>> (feature_collection[0] == feature_collection['features'][0], feature_collection[1] == my_other_feature)
(True, True)

Visualize the result of the example above `here <https://gist.github.com/frewsxcv/34513be6fb492771ef7b>`__. General information about FeatureCollection can be found in `Section 3.3`_ within `The GeoJSON Format Specification`_.

.. _Section 3.3: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7946#section-3.3

GeoJSON encoding/decoding
-------------------------

All of the GeoJSON Objects implemented in this library can be encoded and decoded into raw GeoJSON with the ``geojson.dump``, ``geojson.dumps``, ``geojson.load``, and ``geojson.loads`` functions. Note that each of these functions is a wrapper around the core `json` function with the same name, and will pass through any additional arguments. This allows you to control the JSON formatting or parsing behavior with the underlying core `json` functions.

.. code:: python

>>> import geojson

>>> my_point = geojson.Point((43.24, -1.532))

>>> my_point # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
{"coordinates": [43.2..., -1.53...], "type": "Point"}

>>> dump = geojson.dumps(my_point, sort_keys=True)

>>> dump # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
'{"coordinates": [43.2..., -1.53...], "type": "Point"}'

>>> geojson.loads(dump) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
{"coordinates": [43.2..., -1.53...], "type": "Point"}

Custom classes
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

This encoding/decoding functionality shown in the previous can be extended to custom classes using the interface described by the `__geo_interface__ Specification`_.

.. code:: python

>>> import geojson

>>> class MyPoint():
... def __init__(self, x, y):
... self.x = x
... self.y = y
...
... @property
... def __geo_interface__(self):
... return {'type': 'Point', 'coordinates': (self.x, self.y)}

>>> point_instance = MyPoint(52.235, -19.234)

>>> geojson.dumps(point_instance, sort_keys=True) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
'{"coordinates": [52.23..., -19.23...], "type": "Point"}'

Helpful utilities
-----------------

coords
~~~~~~

:code:`geojson.utils.coords` yields all coordinate tuples from a geometry or feature object.

.. code:: python

>>> import geojson

>>> my_line = LineString([(-152.62, 51.21), (5.21, 10.69)])

>>> my_feature = geojson.Feature(geometry=my_line)

>>> list(geojson.utils.coords(my_feature)) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
[(-152.62..., 51.21...), (5.21..., 10.69...)]

map_coords
~~~~~~~~~~

:code:`geojson.utils.map_coords` maps a function over all coordinate values and returns a geometry of the same type. Useful for scaling a geometry.

.. code:: python

>>> import geojson

>>> new_point = geojson.utils.map_coords(lambda x: x/2, geojson.Point((-115.81, 37.24)))

>>> geojson.dumps(new_point, sort_keys=True) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
'{"coordinates": [-57.905..., 18.62...], "type": "Point"}'

map_tuples
~~~~~~~~~~

:code:`geojson.utils.map_tuples` maps a function over all coordinates and returns a geometry of the same type. Useful for changing coordinate order or applying coordinate transforms.

.. code:: python

>>> import geojson

>>> new_point = geojson.utils.map_tuples(lambda c: (c[1], c[0]), geojson.Point((-115.81, 37.24)))

>>> geojson.dumps(new_point, sort_keys=True) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
'{"coordinates": [37.24..., -115.81], "type": "Point"}'

map_geometries
~~~~~~~~~~

:code:`geojson.utils.map_geometries` maps a function over each geometry in the input.

.. code:: python

>>> import geojson

>>> new_point = geojson.utils.map_geometries(lambda g: geojson.MultiPoint([g["coordinates"]]), geojson.GeometryCollection([geojson.Point((-115.81, 37.24))]))

>>> geojson.dumps(new_point, sort_keys=True)
'{"geometries": [{"coordinates": [[-115.81, 37.24]], "type": "MultiPoint"}], "type": "GeometryCollection"}'

validation
~~~~~~~~~~

:code:`is_valid` property provides simple validation of GeoJSON objects.

.. code:: python

>>> import geojson

>>> obj = geojson.Point((-3.68,40.41,25.14,10.34))
>>> obj.is_valid
False

:code:`errors` method provides collection of errors when validation GeoJSON objects.

.. code:: python

>>> import geojson

>>> obj = geojson.Point((-3.68,40.41,25.14,10.34))
>>> obj.errors()
'a position must have exactly 2 or 3 values'

generate_random
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

:code:`geojson.utils.generate_random` yields a geometry type with random data

.. code:: python

>>> import geojson

>>> geojson.utils.generate_random("LineString") # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
{"coordinates": [...], "type": "LineString"}

>>> geojson.utils.generate_random("Polygon") # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
{"coordinates": [...], "type": "Polygon"}


Development
-----------

To build this project, run :code:`python setup.py build`. To run the unit tests, run :code:`python setup.py test`.

Credits
-------

* Sean Gillies <sgillies@frii.com>
* Matthew Russell <matt@sanoodi.com>
* Corey Farwell <coreyf@rwell.org>
* Blake Grotewold <hello@grotewold.me>
* Zsolt Ero <zsolt.ero@gmail.com>
* Sergey Romanov <xxsmotur@gmail.com>


.. _GeoJSON: http://geojson.org/
.. _The GeoJSON Format Specification: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7946
.. _\_\_geo\_interface\_\_ Specification: https://gist.github.com/sgillies/2217756


Project details


Download files

Download the file for your platform. If you're not sure which to choose, learn more about installing packages.

Source Distribution

geojson-2.4.1.tar.gz (22.7 kB view hashes)

Uploaded source

Built Distribution

geojson-2.4.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (15.1 kB view hashes)

Uploaded py2 py3

Supported by

AWS AWS Cloud computing and Security Sponsor Datadog Datadog Monitoring Fastly Fastly CDN Google Google Download Analytics Microsoft Microsoft PSF Sponsor Pingdom Pingdom Monitoring Sentry Sentry Error logging StatusPage StatusPage Status page