Skip to main content
Pre-release

This release is a pre-release and may not be stable for production use.

GTSAM: Georgia Tech Smoothing and Mapping Library

C++ API Docs

GTSAM manifold optimization workflow: build a factor graph, linearize and solve in tangent spaces, retract to manifolds, and iterate to convergence.

Important Note

The develop branch is officially in "Pre 4.3" mode. We envision several API-breaking changes as we switch to C++17 and away from boost.

In addition, features deprecated in 4.2 will be removed. Please use the stable 4.2 release if you need those features. However, most are easily converted and can be tracked down (in 4.2) by disabling the cmake flag GTSAM_ALLOW_DEPRECATED_SINCE_V42.

What is GTSAM?

GTSAM is a C++ library that implements smoothing and mapping (SAM) in robotics and vision, using Factor Graphs and Bayes Networks as the underlying computing paradigm rather than sparse matrices.

CI Status Platform Compiler
Python CI Ubuntu 22.04, MacOS 13-14, Windows gcc/clang,MSVC
vcpkg Latest Windows/Ubuntu/Mac -
Build Wheels for Develop See pypi files; no Windows -

On top of the C++ library, GTSAM includes wrappers for MATLAB & Python.

Documentation

Quickstart

In the root library folder execute:

#!bash
mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
make check  # optional, runs all unit tests
make install

Prerequisites:

  • A modern compiler:
    • Mac: at least xcode-14.2
    • Linux: at least clang-11 or gcc-9
    • Windows: at least msvc-14.2
  • CMake >= 3.16
    • Ubuntu: sudo apt-get install cmake

Optional Boost prerequisite:

Boost is now optional. Two cmake flags govern its behavior:

  • GTSAM_USE_BOOST_FEATURES = ON|OFF: some of our timers and concept checking in the tests still depend on boost.
  • GTSAM_ENABLE_BOOST_SERIALIZATION = ON|OFF: serialization of factor graphs, factors, etc still is done using boost

If one or both of these flags are ON, you need to install Boost >= 1.70 - Mac: brew install boost - Ubuntu: sudo apt-get install libboost-all-dev - Windows: We highly recommend using the vcpkg package manager. For other installation methods or troubleshooting, please see the guidance in the cmake/HandleBoost.cmake script.

Optional prerequisites - used automatically if findable by CMake:

GTSAM 4 Compatibility

GTSAM 4 introduces several new features, most notably Expressions and a Python toolbox. It also introduces traits, a C++ technique that allows optimizing with non-GTSAM types. That opens the door to retiring geometric types such as Point2 and Point3 to pure Eigen types, which we also do. A significant change which will not trigger a compile error is that zero-initializing of Point2 and Point3 is deprecated, so please be aware that this might render functions using their default constructor incorrect.

There is a flag GTSAM_ALLOW_DEPRECATED_SINCE_V43 for newly deprecated methods since the 4.3 release, which is on by default, allowing anyone to just pull version 4.3 and compile.

Wrappers

We provide support for MATLAB and Python wrappers for GTSAM. Please refer to the linked documents for more details.

Citation

If you are using GTSAM for academic work, please use the following citation:

@software{gtsam,
  author       = {Frank Dellaert and GTSAM Contributors},
  title        = {borglab/gtsam},
  month        = May,
  year         = 2022,
  publisher    = {Georgia Tech Borg Lab},
  version      = {4.2a8},
  doi          = {10.5281/zenodo.5794541},
  url          = {https://github.com/borglab/gtsam)}}
}

To cite the Factor Graphs for Robot Perception book, please use:

@book{factor_graphs_for_robot_perception,
    author={Frank Dellaert and Michael Kaess},
    year={2017},
    title={Factor Graphs for Robot Perception},
    publisher={Foundations and Trends in Robotics, Vol. 6},
    url={http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~kaess/pub/Dellaert17fnt.pdf}
}

If you are using the IMU preintegration scheme, please cite:

@book{imu_preintegration,
    author={Christian Forster and Luca Carlone and Frank Dellaert and Davide Scaramuzza},
    title={IMU preintegration on Manifold for Efficient Visual-Inertial Maximum-a-Posteriori Estimation},
    year={2015}
}

The Preintegrated IMU Factor

GTSAM includes a state of the art IMU handling scheme based on

  • Todd Lupton and Salah Sukkarieh, "Visual-Inertial-Aided Navigation for High-Dynamic Motion in Built Environments Without Initial Conditions", TRO, 28(1):61-76, 2012. [link]

Our implementation improves on this using integration on the manifold, as detailed in

  • Luca Carlone, Zsolt Kira, Chris Beall, Vadim Indelman, and Frank Dellaert, "Eliminating conditionally independent sets in factor graphs: a unifying perspective based on smart factors", Int. Conf. on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), 2014. [link]
  • Christian Forster, Luca Carlone, Frank Dellaert, and Davide Scaramuzza, "IMU Preintegration on Manifold for Efficient Visual-Inertial Maximum-a-Posteriori Estimation", Robotics: Science and Systems (RSS), 2015. [link]

If you are using the factor in academic work, please cite the publications above.

In GTSAM 4 a new and more efficient implementation, based on integrating on the NavState tangent space and detailed in this document, is enabled by default. To switch to the RSS 2015 version, set the flag GTSAM_TANGENT_PREINTEGRATION to OFF.

Additional Information

There is a GTSAM users Google group for general discussion.

Read about important GTSAM-Concepts here. A primer on GTSAM Expressions, which support (superfast) automatic differentiation, can be found on the GTSAM wiki on BitBucket.

See the INSTALL file for more detailed installation instructions. Our CI/CD process is detailed in workflows.md.

GTSAM is open source under the BSD license, see the LICENSE and LICENSE.BSD files.

Please see the examples/ directory and the USAGE file for examples on how to use GTSAM.

GTSAM was developed in the lab of Frank Dellaert at the Georgia Institute of Technology, with the help of many contributors over the years, see THANKS.

Release files for gtsam-develop 4.3a2.dev202609021500

For a detailed explanation of source distributions (sdists) and built distributions (wheels), please see the package formats documentation.

Built distributions (wheels)

Table of built distributions (wheels) for gtsam-develop 4.3a2.dev202609021500
File
gtsam_develop-4.3a2.dev202609021500-cp314-cp314-manylinux_2_27_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl CPython 3.14 CPython 3.14 Linux glibc 2.28+ x86-64, Linux glibc 2.27+ x86-64 Details
gtsam_develop-4.3a2.dev202609021500-cp314-cp314-manylinux_2_27_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl CPython 3.14 CPython 3.14 Linux glibc 2.28+ ARM64, Linux glibc 2.27+ ARM64 Details
gtsam_develop-4.3a2.dev202609021500-cp314-cp314-macosx_10_15_universal2.whl CPython 3.14 CPython 3.14 macOS 10.15+ universal2 (ARM64, x86-64) Details
gtsam_develop-4.3a2.dev202609021500-cp313-cp313-manylinux_2_27_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl CPython 3.13 CPython 3.13 Linux glibc 2.28+ x86-64, Linux glibc 2.27+ x86-64 Details
gtsam_develop-4.3a2.dev202609021500-cp313-cp313-manylinux_2_27_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl CPython 3.13 CPython 3.13 Linux glibc 2.27+ ARM64, Linux glibc 2.28+ ARM64 Details
gtsam_develop-4.3a2.dev202609021500-cp313-cp313-macosx_10_15_universal2.whl CPython 3.13 CPython 3.13 macOS 10.15+ universal2 (ARM64, x86-64) Details
gtsam_develop-4.3a2.dev202609021500-cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_27_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl CPython 3.12 CPython 3.12 Linux glibc 2.28+ x86-64, Linux glibc 2.27+ x86-64 Details
gtsam_develop-4.3a2.dev202609021500-cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_27_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl CPython 3.12 CPython 3.12 Linux glibc 2.28+ ARM64, Linux glibc 2.27+ ARM64 Details
gtsam_develop-4.3a2.dev202609021500-cp312-cp312-macosx_10_15_universal2.whl CPython 3.12 CPython 3.12 macOS 10.15+ universal2 (ARM64, x86-64) Details
gtsam_develop-4.3a2.dev202609021500-cp311-cp311-manylinux2014_x86_64.manylinux_2_17_x86_64.whl CPython 3.11 CPython 3.11 Linux glibc 2.17+ x86-64 Details
gtsam_develop-4.3a2.dev202609021500-cp311-cp311-manylinux2014_aarch64.manylinux_2_17_aarch64.whl CPython 3.11 CPython 3.11 Linux glibc 2.17+ ARM64 Details
gtsam_develop-4.3a2.dev202609021500-cp311-cp311-macosx_10_15_universal2.whl CPython 3.11 CPython 3.11 macOS 10.15+ universal2 (ARM64, x86-64) Details

Total release size: 457.8 MB

Release files / gtsam_develop-4.3a2.dev202609021500-cp314-cp314-manylinux_2_27_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl

Download URL gtsam_develop-4.3a2.dev202609021500-cp314-cp314-manylinux_2_27_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl
Size 34.6 MB
Tags CPython 3.14 Linux glibc 2.27+ x86-64 Linux glibc 2.28+ x86-64
SHA-256 checksum
How to use checksums
55c6754bce56172595d7b683e242864603a6b0a335ee73654f0627264c4f8e51
BLAKE2b-256 checksum
How to use checksums
bbce0487890d6293c6ca1bcf61fc8b49f4853ce05323fe15b7ff02d16d1bb6b3
Upload date
Uploaded using Trusted Publishing?
What is trusted publishing?
Yes
Uploaded via twine/7.0.0 CPython/3.13.14

Provenance

Provenance describes where a file came from. On PyPI, provenance is shared via attestations, which provide a verifiable record of the build or publishing details. View details, limitations and caveats.

PyPI Publish Attestation

PyPI verified that this artifact, at this checksum, originated from the publisher listed below.

Signed by GitHub Actions, verified by PyPI on Sep 2, 2026.

Transparency log

Release files / gtsam_develop-4.3a2.dev202609021500-cp314-cp314-manylinux_2_27_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl

Download URL gtsam_develop-4.3a2.dev202609021500-cp314-cp314-manylinux_2_27_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl
Size 33.3 MB
Tags CPython 3.14 Linux glibc 2.27+ ARM64 Linux glibc 2.28+ ARM64
SHA-256 checksum
How to use checksums
38fa2c2a3a113ad0fc659a6bb421b37c24365564a4eafd0f6132f49c6e09aab9
BLAKE2b-256 checksum
How to use checksums
6612549da66d04e521790df06d82deb03d2a40aa40a1c04c65c1bfe0c34e33d5
Upload date
Uploaded using Trusted Publishing?
What is trusted publishing?
Yes
Uploaded via twine/7.0.0 CPython/3.13.14

Provenance

Provenance describes where a file came from. On PyPI, provenance is shared via attestations, which provide a verifiable record of the build or publishing details. View details, limitations and caveats.

PyPI Publish Attestation

PyPI verified that this artifact, at this checksum, originated from the publisher listed below.

Signed by GitHub Actions, verified by PyPI on Sep 2, 2026.

Transparency log

Release files / gtsam_develop-4.3a2.dev202609021500-cp314-cp314-macosx_10_15_universal2.whl

Download URL gtsam_develop-4.3a2.dev202609021500-cp314-cp314-macosx_10_15_universal2.whl
Size 46.9 MB
Tags CPython 3.14 macOS 10.15+ universal2 (ARM64, x86-64)
SHA-256 checksum
How to use checksums
b4ba787595e07bef17eb50c27f6e894b39d700cbaf538a782b6b32e7eb96493b
BLAKE2b-256 checksum
How to use checksums
1b3f8c87cd54148e309b43c471a589b95be894edfffbc2f5e6d87881778145c4
Upload date
Uploaded using Trusted Publishing?
What is trusted publishing?
Yes
Uploaded via twine/7.0.0 CPython/3.13.14

Provenance

Provenance describes where a file came from. On PyPI, provenance is shared via attestations, which provide a verifiable record of the build or publishing details. View details, limitations and caveats.

PyPI Publish Attestation

PyPI verified that this artifact, at this checksum, originated from the publisher listed below.

Signed by GitHub Actions, verified by PyPI on Sep 2, 2026.

Transparency log

Release files / gtsam_develop-4.3a2.dev202609021500-cp313-cp313-manylinux_2_27_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl

Download URL gtsam_develop-4.3a2.dev202609021500-cp313-cp313-manylinux_2_27_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl
Size 34.6 MB
Tags CPython 3.13 Linux glibc 2.27+ x86-64 Linux glibc 2.28+ x86-64
SHA-256 checksum
How to use checksums
83e614e179ee42c871b23029f66f4fea6c161131ebcd3d7bad4ede3dd544dcd4
BLAKE2b-256 checksum
How to use checksums
de1a40b47a907b8f84696fc47ea62de33c87a2d0e4eba6294ff0e66073950d56
Upload date
Uploaded using Trusted Publishing?
What is trusted publishing?
Yes
Uploaded via twine/7.0.0 CPython/3.13.14

Provenance

Provenance describes where a file came from. On PyPI, provenance is shared via attestations, which provide a verifiable record of the build or publishing details. View details, limitations and caveats.

PyPI Publish Attestation

PyPI verified that this artifact, at this checksum, originated from the publisher listed below.

Signed by GitHub Actions, verified by PyPI on Sep 2, 2026.

Transparency log

Release files / gtsam_develop-4.3a2.dev202609021500-cp313-cp313-manylinux_2_27_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl

Download URL gtsam_develop-4.3a2.dev202609021500-cp313-cp313-manylinux_2_27_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl
Size 33.3 MB
Tags CPython 3.13 Linux glibc 2.27+ ARM64 Linux glibc 2.28+ ARM64
SHA-256 checksum
How to use checksums
cfe540dfe7cf22c6e86824d423b091a545691f61e20795bc62cffe3ea52603bc
BLAKE2b-256 checksum
How to use checksums
5d5bb82ecf6fd7439e111be13e47b3fae9f32b076eb2f2f9acb54bc35ac2143b
Upload date
Uploaded using Trusted Publishing?
What is trusted publishing?
Yes
Uploaded via twine/7.0.0 CPython/3.13.14

Provenance

Provenance describes where a file came from. On PyPI, provenance is shared via attestations, which provide a verifiable record of the build or publishing details. View details, limitations and caveats.

PyPI Publish Attestation

PyPI verified that this artifact, at this checksum, originated from the publisher listed below.

Signed by GitHub Actions, verified by PyPI on Sep 2, 2026.

Transparency log

Release files / gtsam_develop-4.3a2.dev202609021500-cp313-cp313-macosx_10_15_universal2.whl

Download URL gtsam_develop-4.3a2.dev202609021500-cp313-cp313-macosx_10_15_universal2.whl
Size 46.9 MB
Tags CPython 3.13 macOS 10.15+ universal2 (ARM64, x86-64)
SHA-256 checksum
How to use checksums
a9ad302c71e0c398bb21054c8bbe437cb6d9429443d83e03103df810d9ecfac5
BLAKE2b-256 checksum
How to use checksums
d310d068dba537aeb37b98575c548ef1d9218e5d609961811c58ea34561b4b28
Upload date
Uploaded using Trusted Publishing?
What is trusted publishing?
Yes
Uploaded via twine/7.0.0 CPython/3.13.14

Provenance

Provenance describes where a file came from. On PyPI, provenance is shared via attestations, which provide a verifiable record of the build or publishing details. View details, limitations and caveats.

PyPI Publish Attestation

PyPI verified that this artifact, at this checksum, originated from the publisher listed below.

Signed by GitHub Actions, verified by PyPI on Sep 2, 2026.

Transparency log

Release files / gtsam_develop-4.3a2.dev202609021500-cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_27_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl

Download URL gtsam_develop-4.3a2.dev202609021500-cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_27_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl
Size 34.6 MB
Tags CPython 3.12 Linux glibc 2.27+ x86-64 Linux glibc 2.28+ x86-64
SHA-256 checksum
How to use checksums
06520e1270148368a62dbc9d3fd6e51cc549c64925fe7c641d29dcb3f7e12dea
BLAKE2b-256 checksum
How to use checksums
d5b53e4eb09fb74a532f46d3a4e8f98c2a4de39880d5638f407fe3862ca47ce6
Upload date
Uploaded using Trusted Publishing?
What is trusted publishing?
Yes
Uploaded via twine/7.0.0 CPython/3.13.14

Provenance

Provenance describes where a file came from. On PyPI, provenance is shared via attestations, which provide a verifiable record of the build or publishing details. View details, limitations and caveats.

PyPI Publish Attestation

PyPI verified that this artifact, at this checksum, originated from the publisher listed below.

Signed by GitHub Actions, verified by PyPI on Sep 2, 2026.

Transparency log

Release files / gtsam_develop-4.3a2.dev202609021500-cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_27_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl

Download URL gtsam_develop-4.3a2.dev202609021500-cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_27_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl
Size 33.3 MB
Tags CPython 3.12 Linux glibc 2.27+ ARM64 Linux glibc 2.28+ ARM64
SHA-256 checksum
How to use checksums
be66da82e60c461018e27ee2b0f1cf9858993f0b56766a2b5a9caea08b5f6454
BLAKE2b-256 checksum
How to use checksums
e9c965e1de6b2c8c5d0e91537d09e580fbcc145bd938ac0c2b1f278cc6d93652
Upload date
Uploaded using Trusted Publishing?
What is trusted publishing?
Yes
Uploaded via twine/7.0.0 CPython/3.13.14

Provenance

Provenance describes where a file came from. On PyPI, provenance is shared via attestations, which provide a verifiable record of the build or publishing details. View details, limitations and caveats.

PyPI Publish Attestation

PyPI verified that this artifact, at this checksum, originated from the publisher listed below.

Signed by GitHub Actions, verified by PyPI on Sep 2, 2026.

Transparency log

Release files / gtsam_develop-4.3a2.dev202609021500-cp312-cp312-macosx_10_15_universal2.whl

Download URL gtsam_develop-4.3a2.dev202609021500-cp312-cp312-macosx_10_15_universal2.whl
Size 46.9 MB
Tags CPython 3.12 macOS 10.15+ universal2 (ARM64, x86-64)
SHA-256 checksum
How to use checksums
d796cef233dc966b4ef2ca2aa8c31f3144b58ce7fd8ea0da818d19e34abee60f
BLAKE2b-256 checksum
How to use checksums
311ad042387f6946d8aedf526d809c58fedbcfb0fc83be1f11222e1ae6718f61
Upload date
Uploaded using Trusted Publishing?
What is trusted publishing?
Yes
Uploaded via twine/7.0.0 CPython/3.13.14

Provenance

Provenance describes where a file came from. On PyPI, provenance is shared via attestations, which provide a verifiable record of the build or publishing details. View details, limitations and caveats.

PyPI Publish Attestation

PyPI verified that this artifact, at this checksum, originated from the publisher listed below.

Signed by GitHub Actions, verified by PyPI on Sep 2, 2026.

Transparency log

Release files / gtsam_develop-4.3a2.dev202609021500-cp311-cp311-manylinux2014_x86_64.manylinux_2_17_x86_64.whl

Download URL gtsam_develop-4.3a2.dev202609021500-cp311-cp311-manylinux2014_x86_64.manylinux_2_17_x86_64.whl
Size 34.2 MB
Tags CPython 3.11 Linux glibc 2.17+ x86-64
SHA-256 checksum
How to use checksums
3074ba6a1b77a7a96cdfad94f82456df85a98e776fa9dd2db3a565c03c74874e
BLAKE2b-256 checksum
How to use checksums
44172dd12ebeda5c5830f7b1173c5233914220d89c29a347221a29945801cb6e
Upload date
Uploaded using Trusted Publishing?
What is trusted publishing?
Yes
Uploaded via twine/7.0.0 CPython/3.13.14

Provenance

Provenance describes where a file came from. On PyPI, provenance is shared via attestations, which provide a verifiable record of the build or publishing details. View details, limitations and caveats.

PyPI Publish Attestation

PyPI verified that this artifact, at this checksum, originated from the publisher listed below.

Signed by GitHub Actions, verified by PyPI on Sep 2, 2026.

Transparency log

Release files / gtsam_develop-4.3a2.dev202609021500-cp311-cp311-manylinux2014_aarch64.manylinux_2_17_aarch64.whl

Download URL gtsam_develop-4.3a2.dev202609021500-cp311-cp311-manylinux2014_aarch64.manylinux_2_17_aarch64.whl
Size 32.7 MB
Tags CPython 3.11 Linux glibc 2.17+ ARM64
SHA-256 checksum
How to use checksums
9ec8ca504101a3e559b7eac81dbea4d78ad69f677caa931ce69442c0bda864d6
BLAKE2b-256 checksum
How to use checksums
e10b877a9e7df7556555c989246080fc935153bda0c87ecde40a65374f995ef9
Upload date
Uploaded using Trusted Publishing?
What is trusted publishing?
Yes
Uploaded via twine/7.0.0 CPython/3.13.14

Provenance

Provenance describes where a file came from. On PyPI, provenance is shared via attestations, which provide a verifiable record of the build or publishing details. View details, limitations and caveats.

PyPI Publish Attestation

PyPI verified that this artifact, at this checksum, originated from the publisher listed below.

Signed by GitHub Actions, verified by PyPI on Sep 2, 2026.

Transparency log

Release files / gtsam_develop-4.3a2.dev202609021500-cp311-cp311-macosx_10_15_universal2.whl

Download URL gtsam_develop-4.3a2.dev202609021500-cp311-cp311-macosx_10_15_universal2.whl
Size 46.7 MB
Tags CPython 3.11 macOS 10.15+ universal2 (ARM64, x86-64)
SHA-256 checksum
How to use checksums
ed6a9ad65b2f3d3bfd06e42bfe56c9101cecfc828ba82e24e034f9ffcf85ed90
BLAKE2b-256 checksum
How to use checksums
05c106a887774eed01f071e99e0aac98987cb80074a54552b47d8b48a02631d5
Upload date
Uploaded using Trusted Publishing?
What is trusted publishing?
Yes
Uploaded via twine/7.0.0 CPython/3.13.14

Provenance

Provenance describes where a file came from. On PyPI, provenance is shared via attestations, which provide a verifiable record of the build or publishing details. View details, limitations and caveats.

PyPI Publish Attestation

PyPI verified that this artifact, at this checksum, originated from the publisher listed below.

Signed by GitHub Actions, verified by PyPI on Sep 2, 2026.

Transparency log
Anthropic, PBC Visionary sponsor Bloomberg Visionary sponsor Hudson River Trading Visionary sponsor Meta Visionary sponsor NVIDIA Visionary sponsor Microsoft Sustainability sponsor Depot Continuous Integration AWS Cloud computing and Security Sponsor Datadog Monitoring Fastly CDN Google Download Analytics Sentry Error logging StatusPage Status page