hdbscan-rs 0.4.0

High-performance HDBSCAN clustering, compatible with scikit-learn

hdbscan-rs

High-performance HDBSCAN clustering for Python, powered by a Rust core. Drop-in compatible with scikit-learn's API, but significantly faster -- especially on small and large datasets.

Installation

pip install hdbscan-rs

Requires Python >= 3.12 and NumPy >= 1.20. Pre-built wheels available for Linux, macOS, and Windows.

Quick start

import numpy as np
from hdbscan_rs import HDBSCAN

data = np.random.randn(10000, 2)

clusterer = HDBSCAN(min_cluster_size=15)
labels = clusterer.fit_predict(data)

print(f"Found {labels.max() + 1} clusters, {(labels == -1).sum()} noise points")

API

HDBSCAN(
    min_cluster_size=5,       # Smallest group that counts as a cluster
    min_samples=None,         # Controls density estimate (default: min_cluster_size)
    metric="euclidean",       # "euclidean", "manhattan", "cosine", "minkowski", "precomputed"
    p=None,                   # Minkowski p parameter
    alpha=1.0,                # Mutual reachability scaling factor
    cluster_selection_epsilon=0.0,  # Merge clusters below this distance
    cluster_selection_method="eom", # "eom" (Excess of Mass) or "leaf"
    allow_single_cluster=False,
)

Methods

• fit_predict(X) -- Fit and return cluster labels (numpy array, -1 = noise)
• fit(X) -- Fit the model without returning labels
• approximate_predict(X) -- Predict labels for new points (returns labels, probabilities)

Properties (after fitting)

• labels_ -- Cluster labels (-1 = noise)
• probabilities_ -- Membership strength [0, 1]
• outlier_scores_ -- GLOSH outlier scores [0, 1]

Performance

Best-of-3 wall time on a 4-core AMD EPYC. Data is make_blobs with 5 centers, min_cluster_size=10. Numbers are from the native Rust core; the Python binding adds <5ms overhead for data conversion.

Config	sklearn HDBSCAN	hdbscan (C)	hdbscan-rs	vs sklearn	vs C
1Kx2D	8.9 ms	12.7 ms	2.6 ms	3.4x	4.9x
5Kx2D	128 ms	80.2 ms	10.6 ms	12.1x	7.6x
10Kx2D	455 ms	189 ms	18.4 ms	24.7x	10.3x
50Kx2D	12,812 ms	1,024 ms	124 ms	103x	8.2x
5Kx10D	241 ms	136 ms	62 ms	3.9x	2.2x
1Kx256D	246 ms	230 ms	19 ms	12.6x	11.8x
500x1536D	424 ms	444 ms	28 ms	14.9x	15.7x

Memory usage is 5-60x lower than Python-based implementations.

Migrating from sklearn

# Before
from sklearn.cluster import HDBSCAN
clusterer = HDBSCAN(min_cluster_size=15)

# After
from hdbscan_rs import HDBSCAN
clusterer = HDBSCAN(min_cluster_size=15)

The API matches sklearn's interface. Input should be a 2D NumPy array of float64. Results are sklearn-compatible (ARI > 0.99 across the test suite).

Precomputed distances

from hdbscan_rs import HDBSCAN
import numpy as np

# Compute your own distance matrix
dist_matrix = np.array([[0, 1, 5], [1, 0, 3], [5, 3, 0]], dtype=np.float64)

clusterer = HDBSCAN(min_cluster_size=2, metric="precomputed")
labels = clusterer.fit_predict(dist_matrix)

License

Licensed under either of Apache License, Version 2.0 or MIT License, at your option.