hecvec 6.6.1

List directories (safe root), filter .txt/.md files, read as text, chunk, embed, and push to Chroma.

HecVec

HecVec is a Python library that discovers .txt and .md files, chunks them (token, text, semantic, or LLM-based), embeds with OpenAI, and stores vectors in Chroma. It is library-only — no HTTP API. All work runs in-process.

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Table of contents

• Install
• Requirements to run the pipeline
• Workflow
• Quick start
• Parameters
• API reference: methods and parameters
• Chunking methods
• Chroma server
• Environment and API key
• Collection naming
• Building blocks
• Module layout
• Development
• License

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Install

Full pipeline (list → verify Chroma is up → read → chunk → embed → Chroma):

pip install hecvec

A Chroma server must be running; the pipeline connects only to that server (see Chroma server). There is no local/ephemeral mode.

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Requirements to run the pipeline

To use the full Slicer.slice(...) pipeline you need:

1. Python 3.9–3.13.
2. Dependencies installed via pip install hecvec.
3. OpenAI API key for embeddings (and for semantic / llm chunking). Set OPENAI_API_KEY in the environment or in a .env file (see Environment and API key).
4. Chroma server — A Chroma server must be listening at host:port (default localhost:8000). If nothing is listening, the pipeline raises. Start one e.g. with docker run -p 8000:8000 -v ./chroma-data:/chroma/chroma chromadb/chroma (bind-mounts data so it persists across container restarts).

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Workflow

The main entry point is Slicer.slice(path=..., **kwargs). It runs six logged steps:

Step	Description
0	Resolve path, resolve collection name (base_name + _ + chunking_method).
1	Discover files: single .txt/.md file or recursive list under a directory.
2	Chroma server check: connect to the server and fail fast if nothing is listening (before read/chunk/embed so you don’t pay for OpenAI when Chroma is down). The client is reused for the final write.
3	Read file contents as text (UTF-8 with fallbacks).
4	Chunk using the chosen method (token, text, semantic, or llm).
5	Generate embeddings with OpenAI.
6	Connect (already verified in step 2), list collections; if the collection already exists, skip adding. Otherwise create the collection and add documents.

Progress is logged as [0/6] … [6/6] with timings. If the collection already exists, the log states that clearly after embeddings and no new documents are added.

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Quick start

import hecvec

# Default: token chunking, Chroma at localhost:8000
result = hecvec.Slicer.slice(path="/path/to/folder_or_file")
# → {"files": N, "chunks": M, "collection": "folder_or_file_name_token_cs200_ov0_enccl100k_base"}

# Custom host/port and semantic chunking
result = hecvec.Slicer.slice(
    path="/path/to/docs",
    host="localhost",
    port=8000,
    chunking_method="semantic",
)

Or use an instance:

slicer = hecvec.Slicer(
    host="chroma",  # e.g. Docker Compose service name (see `.devcontainer/docker-compose.yml`)
    port=8000,
    chunking_method="token",
)
result = slicer.slice(path="/data/myfile.txt")

Run the test script (from repo root, with Chroma running and OPENAI_API_KEY set):

# Terminal 1: start Chroma
docker run -p 8000:8000 -v ./chroma-data:/chroma/chroma chromadb/chroma

# Terminal 2: run pipeline
uv run python scripts/test_slice.py
# Or with a path:
uv run python scripts/test_slice.py /path/to/file_or_folder

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Parameters

All of these can be passed to Slicer(...) or to Slicer.slice(..., key=value).

Parameter	Default	Description
path	(required)	File or directory to process (.txt/.md only).
root	path.parent (file) or path (dir)	Safe root for resolving paths (used when listing under a directory).
collection_name	"hecvec"	Base name for the Chroma collection. If "hecvec", it is replaced by the file stem or directory name; the final name includes method + chunk config (so different chunk_size/chunk_overlap don’t collide).
db	"chroma"	Database backend to use: "chroma" (self-hosted) or "chroma_cloud" (Chroma Cloud).
host	"localhost"	Server host (only for db="chroma").
port	8000	Server port (only for db="chroma").
user	None	Optional Basic Auth username (only for db="chroma"). Use together with password.
password	None	Optional Basic Auth password (only for db="chroma"). Use together with user.
cloud_api_key	None	Chroma Cloud API key (only for db="chroma_cloud"). If not passed, hecvec reads it from .env/env.
cloud_tenant	None	Optional Chroma Cloud tenant (only for db="chroma_cloud"). If not passed, hecvec reads CHROMA_TENANT from .env/env.
cloud_database	None	Optional Chroma Cloud database (only for db="chroma_cloud"). If not passed, hecvec reads CHROMA_DATABASE from .env/env.
chunking_method	"token"	Chunking strategy: "token" | "text" | "semantic" | "llm". See Chunking methods.
chunk_size	200	Target chunk size (tokens for token, characters for text; also used by llm).
chunk_overlap	0	Overlap between consecutive chunks.
encoding_name	"cl100k_base"	Tiktoken encoding for token chunking.
embedding_model	"text-embedding-3-small"	OpenAI embedding model.
batch_size	100	Batch size for embedding API calls.
openai_api_key	from env / .env	OpenAI API key. Overrides env if provided.
dotenv_path	None	Path to .env file for loading OPENAI_API_KEY.

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API reference: methods and parameters

Public methods and functions with their parameters. All are available from import hecvec unless a submodule is noted.

Pipeline

Slicer(root=None, collection_name="hecvec", db="chroma", host="localhost", port=8000, user=None, password=None, embedding_model="text-embedding-3-small", chunk_size=200, chunk_overlap=0, encoding_name="cl100k_base", batch_size=100, openai_api_key=None, dotenv_path=None)

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
root	str | Path | None	None (→ cwd)	Safe root for path resolution.
collection_name	str	"hecvec"	Base collection name; see Collection naming.
db	DbType	"chroma"	Database backend: "chroma" (self-hosted) or "chroma_cloud" (Chroma Cloud).
host	str	"localhost"	Server host (when db="chroma").
port	int	8000	Server port (when db="chroma").
user	str | None	None	Optional Basic Auth username for Chroma. Use together with password.
password	str | None	None	Optional Basic Auth password for Chroma. Use together with user.
cloud_api_key	str | None	None	Chroma Cloud API key (required when db="chroma_cloud").
cloud_tenant	str | None	None	Optional Chroma Cloud tenant. If provided, cloud_database must also be provided.
cloud_database	str | None	None	Optional Chroma Cloud database. If provided, cloud_tenant must also be provided.
embedding_model	str	"text-embedding-3-small"	OpenAI embedding model.
chunk_size	int	200	Chunk size (tokens or chars by method).
chunk_overlap	int	0	Overlap between chunks.
encoding_name	str	"cl100k_base"	Tiktoken encoding.
batch_size	int	100	Embedding batch size.
openai_api_key	str | None	None	OpenAI key (else env / .env).
dotenv_path	str | Path | None	None	Path to .env file.

Slicer.slice(path, *, root=None, collection_name="hecvec", db="chroma", host="localhost", port=8000, user=None, password=None, embedding_model="text-embedding-3-small", chunk_size=200, chunk_overlap=0, encoding_name="cl100k_base", batch_size=100, chunking_method="token", openai_api_key=None, dotenv_path=None)

Same parameters as above, plus:

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
path	str | Path	(required)	File or directory to process (.txt/.md).

Returns: dict with files, chunks, collection, and optionally message (e.g. when collection already exists).

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Listing and reading

ListDir(root)

Parameter	Type	Description
root	str | Path	Root directory; all listed paths are under this.

ListDir.listdir(path=".") → list[str]
List one level under path (relative to root). Returns sorted relative path strings (dirs first, then files).

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
path	str | Path	"."	Path under root.

ListDir.listdir_recursive(path=".", max_depth=None) → list[str]
List all entries under path recursively.

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
path	str | Path	"."	Path under root.
max_depth	int | None	None	Max depth; None = unlimited.

ListDirTextFiles(root, allowed_extensions=(".txt", ".md"))
Subclass of ListDir that filters to .txt/.md only.

ListDirTextFiles.filter_txt_md(relative_paths) → list[Path]
From relative path strings, return full paths of files with allowed extensions.

ListDirTextFiles.listdir_txt_md(path=".") → list[Path]
One-level list of .txt/.md files under path.

ListDirTextFiles.listdir_recursive_txt_md(path=".", max_depth=None) → list[Path]
Recursive list of .txt/.md files under path.

ReadText(paths, encoding="utf-8")

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
paths	list[str] | list[Path]	—	File paths to read.
encoding	str	"utf-8"	Preferred encoding; fallbacks are latin-1, cp1252.

ReadText.read_all() → list[tuple[Path, str]]
Read all files; returns (path, text) pairs. Skips non-files and unreadable paths.

ReadText is iterable: for path, text in reader: yields (path, text).

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Chunking

chunk_text(text, chunk_size=400, chunk_overlap=0, separators=None) → list[str]
Single-document recursive character split. Requires hecvec[chunk].

Note: Slicer.slice does not expose separators directly; it uses the defaults from the low-level chunker.

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
text	str	—	Document text.
chunk_size	int	400	Max characters per chunk.
chunk_overlap	int	0	Overlap.
separators	list[str] | None	None	Split order; default ["\n\n\n", "\n\n", "\n", ". ", " ", ""].

chunk_documents(path_and_texts, chunk_size=400, chunk_overlap=0, separators=None) → list[dict]
Multiple documents, recursive character split. Each dict: {"path", "chunk_index", "content"}. Requires hecvec[chunk].

Note: Slicer.slice does not expose separators directly; it uses the defaults from the low-level chunker.

token_chunk_text(text, chunk_size=200, chunk_overlap=0, encoding_name="cl100k_base") → list[str]
Single-document token split (tiktoken).

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
text	str	—	Document text.
chunk_size	int	200	Max tokens per chunk.
chunk_overlap	int	0	Overlap.
encoding_name	str	"cl100k_base"	Tiktoken encoding.

token_chunk_documents(path_and_texts, chunk_size=200, chunk_overlap=0, encoding_name="cl100k_base") → tuple[list[str], list[str]]
Multiple documents, token split. Returns (ids, documents) with ids like chunk_0, chunk_1, ...

chunk_documents_by_method(path_and_texts, method="token", *, chunk_size=200, chunk_overlap=0, encoding_name="cl100k_base", separators=None, openai_api_key=None, semantic_max_chunk_size=400, semantic_min_chunk_size=50, llm_model="gpt-4o-mini") → tuple[list[str], list[str]]
Chunk by method: "token" | "text" | "semantic" | "llm". Returns (ids, documents).

Note: this is a low-level helper with advanced knobs. Slicer.slice forwards only: chunk_size, chunk_overlap, encoding_name, chunking_method (as method), and (when needed) openai_api_key.
So you only need chunk_size + chunk_overlap at the Slicer level; separators, semantic_max_chunk_size, semantic_min_chunk_size, and llm_model stay at their defaults unless you call this helper directly.

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
path_and_texts	list[tuple[(Path, str)]]	—	(path, text) pairs.
method	ChunkingMethod	"token"	"token" | "text" | "semantic" | "llm".
chunk_size	int	200	Used by token, text, llm.
chunk_overlap	int	0	Used by token, text.
encoding_name	str	"cl100k_base"	Token method.
separators	list[str] | None	None	Text method only.
openai_api_key	str | None	None	Required for semantic/llm.
semantic_max_chunk_size	int	400	Semantic method.
semantic_min_chunk_size	int	50	Semantic method.
llm_model	str	"gpt-4o-mini"	LLM method.

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Embeddings and Chroma

embed_texts(texts, api_key, model="text-embedding-3-small", batch_size=100) → list[list[float]]
OpenAI embeddings for a list of strings.

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
texts	list[str]	—	Texts to embed.
api_key	str	—	OpenAI API key.
model	str	"text-embedding-3-small"	Embedding model.
batch_size	int	100	Request batch size.

get_client(host="localhost", port=8000, user=None, password=None) → Chroma HttpClient Connects to the Chroma server at host:port. Raises if nothing is listening. If user and password are provided, uses Chroma Basic Auth.

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
host	str	"localhost"	Chroma server host.
port	int	8000	Chroma server port.
user	str | None	None	Basic Auth username for Chroma. Use together with password.
password	str | None	None	Basic Auth password for Chroma. Use together with user.

get_or_create_collection(client, name, metadata=None)
Get or create a Chroma collection (default cosine similarity). metadata default: {"hnsw:space": "cosine"}.

add_documents(client, collection_name, ids, embeddings, documents) → dict
Add documents to a collection. Returns {"collection_existed": bool}.

list_collections(host="localhost", port=8000) → list[tuple[str, int]]
List collection names and document counts on a Chroma server: [(name, count), ...].

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Environment

load_dotenv_if_available(dotenv_path=None)
Load .env into os.environ if python-dotenv is installed. No-op otherwise.

load_openai_key(dotenv_path=None) → str | None
Load .env if available, then return os.environ.get("OPENAI_API_KEY").

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Chunking methods

Method	Description	Requires
token	Split by token count (tiktoken, cl100k_base). Fast and deterministic.	—
text	Recursive character splitter (paragraph → line → sentence, etc.).	—
semantic	Embed small segments, then group by similarity (DP) into larger chunks.	OPENAI_API_KEY
llm	Use an LLM to choose split points for thematic sections.	OPENAI_API_KEY

Use chunking_method="token" or "text" to avoid API calls during chunking. Use "semantic" or "llm" for more coherent, topic-aware chunks (at the cost of extra OpenAI usage).

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Self-hosted Chroma server (db="chroma")

Use this when you run Chroma yourself (Docker, EC2, devcontainer, etc). hecvec connects to a Chroma server over HTTP using host and port.

Start a server (e.g. Docker):

docker run -p 8000:8000 -v ./chroma-data:/chroma/chroma chromadb/chroma

-v is a Docker bind mount: -v ./chroma-data:/chroma/chroma maps your local ./chroma-data directory into the container.

In practice, “persistent data” means Chroma’s database files (collections, vectors, metadata) are written to disk and survive docker stop / docker start (and even container recreation), so reruns can append without losing history.

Parameters used by db="chroma":

• Required: host, port
• Optional: user, password (Basic Auth header; both-or-neither)

Authentication (recommended)

Modern Chroma releases (the chromadb/chroma:latest image) do not reliably support the older CHROMA_SERVER_AUTHN_* env-var based auth providers. If you need enforced auth on a self-hosted instance (e.g. EC2), the simplest reliable pattern is:

• Run Chroma on a private network interface (or at least don’t expose it directly).
• Put a reverse proxy in front that enforces Basic Auth (or token/JWT) and TLS.

When you pass user= and password= to hecvec.Slicer(...), hecvec will send a standard HTTP Authorization: Basic ... header, which works with a proxy-enforced Basic Auth setup.

Two common ways to run Chroma persistently:

1. Plain Docker on the host: run the docker run ... -v ./chroma-data:... command above.
2. Inside the provided devcontainer: use the compose setup in .devcontainer/docker-compose.yml (the devcontainer “compose” config in this repo). It starts a chroma service with a persistent Docker volume (chroma-data) mounted at /chroma/data and IS_PERSISTENT=TRUE, so reopening the devcontainer keeps your vectors.

Containers: If the app runs in a devcontainer and Chroma is in the same Docker Compose stack, use the service name as host (in this repo: host="chroma"). If Chroma is on the host and the app in the container, use host="host.docker.internal".

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Chroma Cloud (db="chroma_cloud")

Use this when you want a managed Chroma deployment with built-in auth and TLS. hecvec uses the Chroma Python client’s Cloud client under the hood.

Parameters used by db="chroma_cloud":

• Required: cloud_api_key (or set via .env/env)
• Optional: cloud_tenant and cloud_database (either provide both, or omit both)
• Ignored: host, port, user, password

Environment / .env variables (loaded automatically):

• CHROMA_CLOUD_API_KEY=... (preferred) or CHROMA_API_KEY=...
• CHROMA_TENANT=... (optional; used when cloud_tenant not passed)
• CHROMA_DATABASE=... (optional; used when cloud_database not passed)

Example:

import hecvec

# Minimal: only API key needed (tenant/database optional depending on your Cloud setup)
slicer = hecvec.Slicer(db="chroma_cloud", cloud_api_key="ck-...")
result = slicer.slice(path="/path/to/docs")

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Environment and API key

• OpenAI: The pipeline (and semantic / llm chunking) needs an API key. It is read in this order:

  1. Argument openai_api_key=...
  2. Environment variable OPENAI_API_KEY
  3. A .env file in the current working directory (loaded via python-dotenv when you use hecvec)

• .env: Create a .env in your project root (or set dotenv_path to point to one):

  OPENAI_API_KEY=sk-...
  

• Do not commit .env or expose the key in logs or source code.

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Collection naming

• If you pass collection_name="hecvec" (default), the base name is taken from the input:

  • Single file: path.stem (e.g. mydoc)
  • Directory: path.name (e.g. docs)

• The final collection name is always:

  {base_name}_{chunking_method}_{chunk_config}

  Examples:

  • token: mydoc_token_cs200_ov0_enccl100k_base
  • text: mydoc_text_cs400_ov0
  • llm/semantic: mydoc_llm_cs200

• If a collection with that name already exists, the pipeline does not add documents again. It logs that the collection already exists and returns something like:

  {"files": N, "chunks": 0, "collection": "...", "message": "Collection already exists; no documents added."}

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Building blocks

You can use the pipeline step-by-step.

List and read:

from pathlib import Path
from hecvec import ListDir, ListDirTextFiles, ReadText

root = Path("/path/to/repo")
lister = ListDir(root=root)
for rel in lister.listdir("."):
    print(rel)

text_lister = ListDirTextFiles(root=root)
paths = text_lister.listdir_recursive_txt_md("docs")
reader = ReadText(paths)
for path, text in reader:
    print(path, len(text))

Chunk only (e.g. recursive character, with hecvec[chunk]):

from hecvec import ListDirTextFiles, ReadText
from hecvec.chunking import chunk_documents

paths = ListDirTextFiles(root=root).listdir_recursive_txt_md(".")
path_and_text = ReadText(paths).read_all()
chunks = chunk_documents(path_and_text)  # list of {"path", "chunk_index", "content"}

Token chunk + embed + list Chroma collections:

from hecvec import token_chunk_text, embed_texts, list_collections

chunks = token_chunk_text("Some long document...", chunk_size=200)
vecs = embed_texts(chunks, api_key="sk-...")
names_and_counts = list_collections(host="localhost", port=8000)

CLI (list directory under a root):

hecvec-listdir [path] [root]
# or
python -m hecvec.cli [path] [root]

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Module layout

Module	Responsibility
hecvec.env	Load .env and OPENAI_API_KEY
hecvec.listdir	List dirs under a safe root; filter .txt/.md
hecvec.reading	Read files as text (UTF-8 / latin-1 / cp1252 fallback)
hecvec.token_splitter	Token-based chunking (tiktoken)
hecvec.chunking	Recursive character chunking (chunk_documents, chunk_text)
hecvec.chunkers	Multi-method chunking: token, text, semantic, llm
hecvec.embeddings	OpenAI embeddings (embed_texts)
hecvec.chroma_client	Chroma client, get/create collection, add documents
hecvec.chroma_list	List Chroma collections and counts
hecvec.pipeline	Orchestrator: Slicer and slice(path=...)

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Development

From the repo root:

uv sync
uv run python -c "from hecvec import ListDir; print(ListDir('.').listdir('.'))"

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License

MIT