KG Memory: Knowledge Graph Memory with a MCP Server

A Model Context Protocol (MCP) server that implements a heavily typed knowledge graph-based memory system with AI-powered entity and relation extraction. Unlike other memory systems that rely on basic summarization or unstructured storage, our system uses structured ontologies to extract meaningful, typed relationships from unstructured text.

Why Choose a Heavily Typed Approach?

Most AI memory systems treat information as unstructured blobs or simple key-value pairs. This system is different - we use strongly typed ontologies that define exactly what kinds of entities and relationships exist in your domain. This means:

• Predictable structure - You know exactly what types of information will be extracted
• Domain-specific accuracy - Tailored extraction for your specific use case
• Relationship validation - Only valid connections between entity types are allowed
• Query precision - Ask complex questions about specific relationship patterns

Comparison with Other Memory Systems

We're the only system that combines heavy typing with local storage and native MCP integration, making us ideal for developers who want predictable, domain-specific memory extraction without external dependencies.

Feature	kg_mcp (Ours)	Graphiti/Zep	Mem0	Letta	GraphRAG
Type System	✅ Heavily typed ontologies	⚡ Temporal knowledge graphs	❌ Unstructured memories	❌ Unstructured storage	❌ Community summaries
Structure	✅ Predefined entity/relation types	⚡ Dynamic graph evolution	❌ LLM‑generated summaries	❌ Simple key‑value	❌ Static hierarchical
Validation	✅ Schema‑enforced relationships	❌ Dynamic, no validation	❌ No relationship rules	❌ No validation	❌ No validation
Domain Specificity	✅ 6 built‑in ontologies + custom	⚡ Generic entities (custom ontologies supported) (GitHub)	❌ Generic extraction	❌ Generic storage	❌ Generic clustering
Local Storage	✅ JSON files, full control	⚡ Neo4j required (local or cloud) (GitHub)	⚡ Multiple backends	✅ Local SQLite (GitHub)	❌ Complex setup
MCP Integration	✅ Native MCP server	⚡ Optional MCP wrapper (GitHub)	❌ No MCP support	✅ MCP compatible (Letta)	❌ No MCP support
Query Flexibility	✅ Ontology‑driven queries	⚡ Graph traversal + semantic	⚡ Vector + graph search	❌ Basic retrieval	❌ Community‑based only
Real‑time Updates	✅ Immediate JSON persistence	✅ Real‑time graph updates	⚡ Real‑time with LLM consolidation	✅ Instant updates	❌ Batch recomputation

Features

• Ontology-driven extraction - Uses predefined ontologies to structure knowledge extraction
• AI-powered relation extraction - Leverages LLMs to extract entities and relationships from text
• JSON persistence - Automatic saving and loading from JSON files with configurable paths
• MCP compatible - Works with any MCP-enabled AI assistant
• Multiple ontologies - Ships with 6 predefined ontologies for different domains
• Custom ontologies - Support for user-defined ontologies
• Local storage - All data stored locally in JSON format

Getting Started

1. Use an Existing Ontology

Start with one of our 6 built-in ontologies:

# Installation
git clone https://github.com/belindamo/kg_mem
cd kg_mem
uv pip install -e .

# Basic ontology (Person, Organization, Location, Concept)
ONTOLOGY=basic fastmcp run server.py

Add to your MCP configuration:

{
  "mcps": {
    "kg-memory": {
      "command": "fastmcp", 
      "args": ["run", "server.py"],
      "env": {
        "ONTOLOGY": "basic",
        "KG_STORAGE_PATH": "./my_knowledge.json"
      }
    }
  }
}

2. Add Unstructured Memory

Let the AI extract structured knowledge from any text:

# Through MCP tools
add_memories("John Smith works for Google. Google is located in Mountain View.")
# Returns: "Successfully extracted 2 memories:
# - John Smith (Person) works_for Google (Organization)  
# - Google (Organization) located_in Mountain View (Location)"

# Or directly via Python API
from kg_mem import KGMem
from ontologies import basic_ontology
kg = KGMem(basic_ontology)
relations = kg.add_unstructured("John Smith works for Google. Google is located in Mountain View.")

# Expected output:
# John Smith (Person) John Smith works for Google Google (Organization)
# Google (Organization) Google is located in Mountain View Mountain View (Location)

3. Add Typed Memory (Advanced)

For precise control, create entities and relations directly:

# Create typed entities
alice = kg.entity(name="Alice Smith", type=person_type)
microsoft = kg.entity(name="Microsoft", type=organization_type)

# Create a typed relationship
employment = kg.relation(
    entity0=alice, 
    entity1=microsoft,
    relation="works for",
    type=works_for_relation_type
)

# Add to the knowledge graph
kg += [employment]

4. Visualize Your Knowledge Graph

Generate an interactive HTML visualization of all your memories:

kg.visualize(output_path="./knowledge_graph.html")
# Opens a web page showing all entities and relationships as an interactive graph

5. Create Your Own Ontology

Define domain-specific entity and relationship types:

from kg_mem import EntityType, RelationType, Ontology

# Define your entities
patient_type = EntityType(name="Patient")
doctor_type = EntityType(name="Doctor") 
diagnosis_type = EntityType(name="Diagnosis")

# Define valid relationships
treats_relation = RelationType(
    name="treats",
    entity_type0=doctor_type,      # Doctor
    entity_type1=patient_type,     # treats Patient
    context="Medical treatment relationship"
)

diagnoses_relation = RelationType(
    name="diagnoses", 
    entity_type0=doctor_type,      # Doctor
    entity_type1=diagnosis_type,   # diagnoses Diagnosis
    context="Medical diagnosis relationship"
)

# Create your ontology
medical_ontology = Ontology(
    entity_types=[patient_type, doctor_type, diagnosis_type],
    relation_types=[treats_relation, diagnoses_relation],
    query_types=[]  # Optional: define query patterns
)

# Use your custom ontology
kg = KGMem(medical_ontology, storage_path="./medical_kg.json")

Available Ontologies

• basic (default) - Person, Organization, Location, Concept
• messaging - Sessions, Messages, Semantic Entities
• github - Developers, Repositories, PRs, Issues, Commits
• scientific - Researchers, Experiments, Results, Publications
• simple_person_project - Simple Person-Project relationships
• employment - Employment relationships

Custom Ontologies

You can provide a path to a custom ontology file:

{
  "env": {
    "ONTOLOGY": "/path/to/my_ontology.py"
  }
}

The file must define an ontology variable of type Ontology.

Storage Configuration

Control where the knowledge graph is stored:

{
  "env": {
    "KG_STORAGE_PATH": "/path/to/my_knowledge.json"
  }
}

Default storage path is ./kg_memory.json in the current directory.

MCP Tools

The server provides four MCP tools:

add_memories(text_chunk: str) -> str

Extracts structured knowledge from unstructured text and stores it in the knowledge graph.

retrieve_relevant_context(query: str) -> str

Retrieves relevant context from the knowledge graph based on a query.

save_knowledge_graph() -> str

Manually saves the current knowledge graph to the JSON file.

get_knowledge_stats() -> str

Returns statistics about the current knowledge graph including entity/relation counts and ontology information.

Examples

Example 1: Employment Tracking

from kg_mem import KGMem
from ontologies import employment_ontology

kg = KGMem(employment_ontology)

# Add employment information
relations = kg.add_unstructured("""
Sarah Johnson is the new CTO at TechStart Inc. 
Bob Wilson also joined TechStart as a Senior Engineer.
TechStart Inc. was recently acquired by MegaCorp.
""")

# Expected extraction output:
# Sarah Johnson (Person) Sarah Johnson works at TechStart Inc. TechStart Inc. (Company)
# Bob Wilson (Person) Bob Wilson works at TechStart Inc. TechStart Inc. (Company)

# Query employment relationships
results = kg.retrieve_str("Who works at TechStart?")
# Expected query result:
# "Retrieved 2 relevant relations for query 'Who works at TechStart?'. 
#  Found relations involving: Bob Wilson-TechStart Inc., Sarah Johnson-TechStart Inc...."

Example 2: GitHub Project Tracking

from kg_mem import KGMem
from ontologies import github_ontology

kg = KGMem(github_ontology)

# Add development activity
relations = kg.add_unstructured("""
Alice opened a pull request to fix the authentication bug.
The PR targets the main branch and fixes issue #123.
Bob reviewed the pull request and approved it.
""")

# Note: GitHub ontology extraction can be complex and may require 
# more structured input or manual entity creation for best results

# Query development workflow
results = kg.retrieve_str("What pull requests are open?")

Example 3: Scientific Research Workflow

The scientific ontology demonstrates the power of heavily typed knowledge graphs for complex domains. Let's walk through a complete research workflow:

from kg_mem import KGMem
from ontologies.scientific import scientific_ontology

# Initialize with the scientific ontology
kg = KGMem(scientific_ontology)

# The scientific ontology defines 7 entity types:
# - Researcher, Idea, Proposal, Experiment, Result, Publication, Insight
# And 10 relation types that model the research process:
# - conceives, develops_into, proposes, conducts, produces, publishes, 
#   collaborates_with, derives_insight, inspires, validates

# Create entities with proper typing
dr_smith = kg.entity(name="Dr. Smith", type=researcher_type)
quantum_idea = kg.entity(name="Quantum Computing Optimization", type=idea_type)
quantum_proposal = kg.entity(name="Quantum Algorithm Proposal", type=proposal_type)
quantum_exp = kg.entity(name="Quantum Circuit Test A", type=experiment_type)
quantum_result = kg.entity(name="30% Speed Improvement", type=result_type)
quantum_paper = kg.entity(name="Advances in Quantum Optimization", type=publication_type)

# Build the research workflow with typed relationships
kg += [
    kg.relation(entity0=dr_smith, entity1=quantum_idea, 
               relation="Dr. Smith conceives Quantum Computing Optimization", 
               type=conceives_type),
    kg.relation(entity0=quantum_idea, entity1=quantum_proposal,
               relation="Quantum Computing Optimization develops into Quantum Algorithm Proposal",
               type=develops_into_type),
    kg.relation(entity0=dr_smith, entity1=quantum_exp,
               relation="Dr. Smith conducts Quantum Circuit Test A",
               type=conducts_type),
    kg.relation(entity0=quantum_exp, entity1=quantum_result,
               relation="Quantum Circuit Test A produces 30% Speed Improvement", 
               type=produces_type),
    kg.relation(entity0=quantum_result, entity1=quantum_paper,
               relation="30% Speed Improvement leads to Advances in Quantum Optimization",
               type=publishes_type)
]

# Now query the research workflow
workflow_query = kg.query(
    name="What is the research workflow for quantum computing?",
    type=research_flow_query_type
)

result = kg.retrieve(workflow_query, limit=10)
print(f"Query: {workflow_query.name}")
print(f"Result: {result.result}")

Try it yourself! Run the complete example to see the typed extraction in action:

# Run the scientific research example
cd tests/examples
python test_scientific_experiments.py

This will show you:

• Query 1: Research workflow tracking (ideas → proposals → experiments → results → publications)
• Query 2: Individual researcher activities ("What is Dr. Smith working on?")
• Query 3: Experiment details and outcomes
• Query 4: Insight discovery and validation

You'll see output like:

Query: What is the research workflow for quantum computing?
Result summary: Retrieved 7 relevant relations for query 'What is the research workflow for quantum computing?'. Found relations involving: Quantum Algorithm Proposal-Quantum Circuit Test A, Dr. Smith-Quantum Computing Optimization...
Retrieved relations:
  - Dr. Smith conceives Quantum Computing Optimization
  - Quantum Computing Optimization develops into Quantum Algorithm Proposal
  - Quantum Algorithm Proposal proposes Quantum Circuit Test A
  - Quantum Circuit Test A produces 30% Speed Improvement
  - 30% Speed Improvement leads to Advances in Quantum Optimization
  - Quantum Algorithm Proposal proposes Quantum Circuit Test B
  - 30% Speed Improvement derives insight Superposition enables parallel computation

Query: What is Dr. Smith working on?
Result summary: Retrieved 3 relevant relations for query 'What is Dr. Smith working on?'. Found relations involving: Dr. Smith-Quantum Circuit Test B, Dr. Smith-Quantum Circuit Test A...
Retrieved relations:
  - Dr. Smith conceives Quantum Computing Optimization
  - Dr. Smith conducts Quantum Circuit Test A
  - Dr. Smith conducts Quantum Circuit Test B

Query: What experiments were proposed and what were their outcomes?
Result summary: Retrieved 8 relevant relations for query 'What experiments were proposed and what were their outcomes?'. Found relations involving: Quantum Algorithm Proposal-Quantum Circuit Test A...
Retrieved relations:
  - Quantum Algorithm Proposal proposes Quantum Circuit Test A
  - Quantum Algorithm Proposal proposes Quantum Circuit Test B
  - Quantum Circuit Test A produces 30% Speed Improvement
  - Quantum Circuit Test B validates Superposition enables parallel computation
  - Model Compression Study proposes Compression Benchmark
  - Compression Benchmark produces 50% Size Reduction

Query: What insights were discovered?
Result summary: Retrieved 3 relevant relations for query 'What insights were discovered?'. Found relations involving: Quantum Circuit Test B-Superposition enables parallel computation...
Retrieved relations:
  - 30% Speed Improvement derives insight Superposition enables parallel computation
  - Quantum Circuit Test B validates Superposition enables parallel computation
  - 50% Size Reduction derives insight Pruning preserves essential features

The beauty of the typed approach is that relationships are validated - you can't accidentally create invalid connections like "Experiment collaborates_with Result" because the ontology enforces that only Researchers can collaborate with other Researchers.

Running the Server

Start the MCP server:

# With default basic ontology
fastmcp run server.py

# With specific ontology and custom storage
ONTOLOGY=github KG_STORAGE_PATH=./github_knowledge.json fastmcp run server.py

# With custom ontology
ONTOLOGY=/path/to/custom_ontology.py fastmcp run server.py

Testing

Run the test suite:

cd tests
python run_all_tests.py

Individual test files:

• test_mcp.py - MCP server integration tests
• test_add_unstructured.py - Text extraction tests
• test_retrieve.py - Knowledge retrieval tests
• test_*_ontology.py - Ontology-specific tests

Architecture

The system consists of:

1. KGMem - Core knowledge graph memory class
2. AI - DSPy-based extraction and retrieval engine
3. Ontologies - Structured type definitions
4. MCP Server - FastMCP-based server implementation

Future Experiments

• Interactive visualizations - HTML graph visualization via visualize.py
• Ontology discovery - Automatically discover new ontologies from existing text chunks
• Enhanced retrieval methods - Cosine similarity over vector embeddings and BM-25 over text chunks
• Original text preservation - Store and retrieve original text chunks alongside structured data

License

MIT