illex 0.1.3

Inline Language for Logic and EXpressions

ILLEX: Inline Language for Logic and EXpressions

Overview

ILLEX is a lightweight scripting language for structured text processing, featuring variable substitution, inline expressions, and customizable handlers. Built on a state machine-based parser with safe evaluation and extensibility.

Key Features

• Secure expression parsing with controlled variable evaluation
• Inline variable assignments and references (e.g., @var = value)
• Customizable function handlers for advanced text transformation
• Recursive resolution of expressions with safe execution
• Loops, conditionals, logical and mathematical operators

Installation

pip install illex

Basic Usage

Variable Substitution

import illex
illex.parse("Hello, {name}!", {"name": "World"})
# Result: 'Hello, World!'

Variable Assignment and Reference

text = """
@name = John
@age = 30
Name: @name, Age: @age
"""
illex.parse(text, {})
# Result: 'Name: John, Age: 30'

Mathematical Expressions

text = """
@x = 10
@y = 20
Sum: @x + @y
Product: :calc(@x * @y)
"""
illex.parse(text, {})
# Result: 'Sum: 10 + 20\nProduct: 200'

Syntax Structure

Variables

• Assignment: @variable = value
• Reference: @variable
• List/Dictionary access: @list[0], @dict["key"], @dict[key]

Built-in Functions

Functions are called with the : prefix followed by the function name and arguments in parentheses.

Example: :function(arg1, arg2)

Built-in Functions

String Manipulation

• :uppercase(text) - Converts text to uppercase
• :lowercase(text) - Converts text to lowercase
• :capitalize(text) - Capitalizes the first letter of text
• :trim(text) - Removes whitespace from both ends
• :replace(text, search, replace) - Replaces occurrences

Math Functions

• :calc(expression) - Evaluates a mathematical expression
• :int(value) - Converts to integer
• :float(value) - Converts to floating point
• :abs(value) - Absolute value (integer)
• :fabs(value) - Absolute value (float)
• :floor(value) - Rounds down
• :ceil(value) - Rounds up

Date Functions

• :date(format) - Returns formatted date
  • Special formats: today, now, yesterday, tomorrow
  • Supports standard date format strings (e.g., %d/%m/%Y)

Lists and Dictionaries

• :list(item1, item2, ...) - Creates a list
• :split(text, delimiter) - Splits text into a list
• :options(key1=value1, key2=value2, ...) - Creates a dictionary

Conditional Functions

• :if(condition, true_result, false_result) - Conditional expression

Network Functions

• :cidr(mask) - Converts to CIDR notation
• :is_public(ip) - Checks if IP is public
• :resolve(host) - Resolves hostname to IP

Security Functions

• :hash(text, type) - Generates hash (md5, sha1, sha256, sha512)
• :encrypt(text, key, type) - Encrypts text
• :decrypt(text, key, type) - Decrypts text
• :gen_password(length, lower, upper, with_digits, with_punctuation) - Generates password

Utilities

• :repeat(text, times) - Repeats text N times
• :hostname(value, separator, is_upper) - Formats as hostname
• :rand(start, end, leading) - Generates random number

Command Line Usage

# Process .illex file
illex run file.illex

# Process with variables (key=value format)
illex run file.illex --vars name=John age=30

# Process with variables from JSON/YAML file
illex run file.illex --vars config.json

# Save result to file
illex run file.illex -o  # Saves to file.illex.out

Extensibility

Creating New Handlers

from illex.decorators.function import function

@function("my_function")
def my_function(text):
    return text.upper()

Creating Math Functions

from illex.decorators.function import function
from illex.decorators.math import math_function

@function("square")
@math_function
def square(value):
    return value ** 2

Decorator Structure

ILLEX provides several decorators to simplify extension:

• @function(tag): Registers a function with a specific tag
• @math_function: Processes mathematical expressions using SymPy
• @multi_param_function: Handles functions that accept multiple parameters

Full Example

from illex.decorators.function import function
from illex.decorators.multi_param import multi_param_function

@function("greeting")
@multi_param_function
def greeting(name, message="Hello"):
    return f"{message}, {name}!"

# Usage:
# :greeting("John")  # Result: "Hello, John!"
# :greeting("John", "Welcome")  # Result: "Welcome, John!"

Modifying Existing Handlers

from illex.registry import registry

# Replace an existing handler
registry["uppercase"] = my_new_uppercase_function

Automatic Extension Loading

ILLEX automatically looks for extensions in the illex_extensions directory in the current working directory, making it easy to distribute plugins.

Advanced Examples

Text Processing with Variables

@name = "Jane Smith"
@email = "[e-mail]"
@age = 28

User Profile:
Name: @name
Email: @email
Age: @age
Adult: :if(@age >= 18, "Yes", "No")

List Operations

@fruits = :list("apple", "banana", "orange")
@favorite_fruit = @fruits[1]

Available fruits:
@fruits[0]
@fruits[1]
@fruits[2]

My favorite fruit is @favorite_fruit.

Dynamic Content Generation

@server = "prod"
@environment = :if(@server == "prod", "Production", "Development")
@current_date = :date(today)

Environment Report - @current_date

Environment: @environment
Server: :uppercase(@server)
Status: :if(@environment == "Production", "CRITICAL", "Normal")

Network Processing

@domain = "example.com"
@ip = :resolve(@domain)
@hostname = :hostname(@domain)

Network Information:
Domain: @domain
IP: @ip
Hostname: @hostname
Public IP: :if(:is_public(@ip), "Yes", "No")

Security

ILLEX implements secure expression evaluation:

• Uses safe_eval to prevent malicious code execution
• Blocked words list (__class__, __bases__, __subclasses__, __globals__)
• Explicitly controlled allowed AST nodes
• Controlled allowed binary, unary, and comparison operators
• Safe globals limited to basic functions like list, dict, str, etc.

Internal Implementation

ILLEX execution follows four main phases:

1. Phase 0: Placeholder substitution {var} with parameter values
2. Phase 1: Variable assignment processing @var = value
3. Phase 2: Variable reference substitution @var
4. Phase 3: Handler call processing :func(args)

This design allows for nested and recursive expression processing.

Best Practices

• Use comments with \\ or # to document your code
• Prefer specific handlers (:calc, :int) for operations rather than complex expressions
• Avoid excessive function nesting
• Use variables to store intermediate results
• Escape commas in function arguments with \, when necessary

Limitations

• No support for custom function definitions in ILLEX code itself
• Expression evaluation is limited for security
• No full flow control (only simple conditional structures)

License

ILLEX is licensed under GNU General Public License v3.0 (GPL-3.0).

Copyright (C) 2023-2025 Gustavo Zeloni

This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.

Full license text: https://github.com/gzeloni/illex/blob/main/LICENSE