invisensing 1.0.1

Python SDK for the Invisensing Audace DAS environment — reads PCIe7821 acquisition files (DAT / HDF5 / TDMS / SEG-Y) and extracts per-channel data (I / Q / arctan / magnitude / phase) via a Rust-backed core.

Invisensing — Python SDK for the Audace DAS environment

invisensing is the official Python library for reading Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) acquisition files produced by the Audace platform. It handles every file format the platform writes (.dat, .hdf5, .tdms, .sgy) through a single uniform API, and exposes the channels each file actually contains — I / Q / arctan / magnitude / phase — in one method call, with the right dtype and optional physical-unit scaling.

The library is format-agnostic but mode-faithful: it never silently re-derives one demodulation product from another. The on-board PCIe7821 DSP chain (fading suppression, spatial differential, detrend filter) is not reproducible in software from an earlier tap, so the channel you can extract is the one the FPGA wrote. Inspect file.mode to dispatch; the SDK raises a clear ValueError if you call an extractor that doesn't apply.

The hot path (header parsing, bytes → numpy conversion, de-interleave) is implemented in Rust and exposed through PyO3, so reading a multi-GB capture stays fast even from Python.

Installation

pip install invisensing

That's it — every supported file format (DAT, HDF5, TDMS, SEG-Y) works out of the box. The default install pulls in numpy, h5py, npTDMS, and segyio so any file written by the Audace FileWriter can be opened without further setup.

Wheels are built from a Rust extension; pip handles the native build transparently. No Rust toolchain is required for end users.

Note — the format extras (pip install invisensing[hdf5] etc.) are still recognised for backwards compatibility with older installation guides, but they are no-ops now: every backend is part of the default install.

Quick start

from invisensing import File, Mode

with File("acquisition.dat") as f:
    print(f)                       # File('…', mode=iq, shape=…, …)
    print(f.duration, "s")
    print(f.distance, "m of fibre")

    # The Mode enum lets you dispatch cleanly on what the file contains.
    match f.mode:
        case Mode.RAW:
            data = f.read_lines(1000)              # (1000, line_size) ADC codes
        case Mode.IQ:
            i = f.get_i()                          # (n, positions) i16
            q = f.get_q()                          # (n, positions) i16
            iq = f.get_iq()                        # (n, positions) complex64
        case Mode.ARCTAN_MAGNITUDE:
            arctan = f.get_arctan()                # (n, positions) i16
            magnitude = f.get_magnitude()          # (n, positions) u16
        case Mode.PHASE:
            phase = f.get_phase()                  # (n, positions) f32 radians

Streaming large files

read_lines(n) advances a cursor; iterating the file yields one pulse at a time:

with File("long_capture.h5") as f:
    while f.lines_left:
        chunk = f.read_lines(10_000)
        process(chunk)

# Or, one pulse at a time:
with File("long_capture.dat") as f:
    for pulse in f:
        process(pulse)

For ad-hoc scripts on small files, read_all() returns everything in one allocation.

Output dtypes — raw codes vs. physical units

I, Q, arctan, and √(I²+Q²) are physically continuous quantities (volts for I/Q/magnitude, radians for arctan) that the FPGA encodes as fixed-point integers on the wire. The SDK offers two flavours of extractor for each lane:

• Default extractors (get_i, get_q, get_arctan, get_magnitude) return the wire dtype — fast, no copy beyond the de-interleave, no precision loss on round-trip writes.
• Physical-unit extractors (get_i_volts, get_q_volts, get_iq_volts, get_arctan_radians, get_magnitude_volts) return float32 numpy arrays in the natural physical unit (volts or radians). Use these when you start doing DSP — they save you from remembering the scaling constants.

The full mapping per mode:

Mode	Method	dtype	Unit	Scaling applied
Raw	read_lines()	int16	ADC code	—
IQ	read_lines()	int16	ADC code	wire layout [I, Q, I, Q, …]
IQ	get_i() / get_q()	int16	ADC code	de-interleave only
IQ	get_iq()	complex64	ADC code	I + j·Q packed
IQ	get_i_volts() / get_q_volts()	float32	V	i16 × range / 32768
IQ	get_iq_volts()	complex64	V	real/imag both in volts
ArctanMagnitude	read_lines()	int16	mixed	wire layout [atan, √, atan, √, …]
ArctanMagnitude	get_arctan()	int16	fixed-point	32767 ↔ +π
ArctanMagnitude	get_arctan_radians()	float32	rad	i16 × π / 32768
ArctanMagnitude	get_magnitude()	uint16	ADC code	bitcast from wire i16
ArctanMagnitude	get_magnitude_volts()	float32	V	u16 × range / 32768
Phase	read_lines() / get_phase()	float32	rad	already converted by Cardcontrol (i32 × π/32768)

Phase mode is the only one whose payload is already floating-point on the wire — the conversion happens in the acquisition driver so consumers never need to know the vendor's π/32768 scaling.

f.dtype always reflects what read_lines() will return, derived from sample_size and the FLOAT flag in the header.

When to pick which

with File("iq.dat") as f:
    # Quick QC / dumping — keep the wire codes:
    i = f.get_i()                      # int16, fast
    plt.plot(i[0])                     # ADC codes on Y axis

    # Real DSP — work in volts:
    iq_v = f.get_iq_volts()            # complex64, in volts
    envelope_v = np.abs(iq_v)          # volts
    phase_rad  = np.angle(iq_v)        # radians, wrapped

with File("arctan_mag.dat") as f:
    rad = f.get_arctan_radians()       # float32, ±π
    vol = f.get_magnitude_volts()      # float32, ≥ 0 volts

Reading a 4 GB DAT capture stays a 4 GB numpy array if you use the default extractors; the *_volts / *_radians family allocates a new float32 array (so 2× the raw size for i16 / 2× for u16, 8× for the complex64 in get_iq_volts).

Channel extractors — what they mean per mode

PCIe7821 on-board DSP can emit four different products. The SDK maps each to the right extractor:

Mode	Wire layout (per pulse)	Extractor(s)	Dtype out
Mode.RAW	[s0, s1, …, sN-1]	read_lines()	int16
Mode.IQ	[I0, Q0, I1, Q1, …]	get_i(), get_q(), get_iq()	int16 / int16 / complex64
Mode.ARCTAN_MAGNITUDE	[atan0, √0, atan1, √1, …]	get_arctan(), get_magnitude()	int16 / uint16
Mode.PHASE	[φ0, φ1, …, φN-1]	get_phase()	float32 (radians)

Each extractor reads from the file or from a buffer you've already read — pass data= to reuse a buffer across extractors so the cursor doesn't double-advance:

with File("iq.dat") as f:
    chunk = f.read_lines(1000)
    i = f.get_i(chunk)                # reuses the buffer
    q = f.get_q(chunk)                # same — no extra file read
    # equivalent: f.channels(chunk) returns {"i": …, "q": …, "iq": …}

Calling the wrong extractor for the file's mode raises a clear error that names both the actual and the expected mode — no silent garbage:

>>> with File("phase.dat") as f:
...     f.get_i()
ValueError: get_i: file mode is 'phase', but this extractor only
applies to 'iq'. Inspect file.mode to dispatch — see the Mode enum docs.

Format auto-detection

The format is picked from the file suffix:

Suffix	Backend
.dat	Native Rust (no third-party dep)
.h5, .hdf5	h5py
.tdms	npTDMS
.sgy, .segy	segyio

If your file has no suffix or an unusual one, force the backend:

File("acquisition_data", format="dat")

Metadata at your fingertips

with File("acquisition.dat") as f:
    f.line_size                 # samples per pulse on the wire
    f.positions_per_line        # spatial positions per pulse (= line_size/2 if INTERLEAVED)
    f.sample_size               # bytes per sample
    f.sample_rate               # Hz
    f.trig_frequency            # Hz
    f.num_lines                 # total pulses recorded
    f.lines_left                # remaining behind the cursor
    f.duration                  # seconds (= num_lines / trig_frequency)
    f.distance                  # metres of fibre covered by one pulse
    f.range                     # ADC voltage range (V)
    f.timestamp                 # producer-side timestamp string
    f.dtype                     # numpy dtype of the wire samples
    f.shape                     # (num_lines, line_size)
    f.spatial_shape             # (num_lines, positions_per_line)

    # Flag inspection — works as a property or as a method call.
    f.is_demodulated            # True / False
    f.is_interleaved
    f.is_float
    f.is_phase
    f.is_unsigned               # arctan/√ files only
    f.is_ac                     # ADC AC-coupled
    f.is_hiz                    # ADC high-impedance

Writing files

from invisensing import export_dat
import numpy as np

samples = np.random.randn(10_000, 512).astype("float32")
export_dat(
    "out.dat",
    samples,
    sample_rate=250_000_000,
    trig_frequency=2_000,
    range_v=1.0,
    timestamp="2026-05-25_12:34:56",
)

export_dat writes the 128-byte Audace header (matching the C-side wire format byte-for-byte) followed by the array's raw samples. The FLOAT flag is set automatically when data.dtype.kind == 'f'.

API stability

Everything exported via from invisensing import * is part of the stable public API starting from version 1.0.0. We follow semantic versioning:

• Patch releases (0.2.x): bug fixes, performance improvements.
• Minor releases (0.x.0): additive changes only (new methods, new formats, new optional arguments). Existing code keeps working without changes.
• Major releases (x.0.0): breaking changes — announced via the changelog with a migration guide.

Backwards compatibility with the legacy SDK

The original invisensing.File module is preserved unchanged:

import invisensing.File as iFile

file = iFile.File("acquisition.dat")
print(file.get_line_size(), file.get_trigger_frequency())
print(file.is_demodulated(), file.is_acquisition_ac())

while file.get_lines_left() > 0:
    data = file.get_lines(5)
    # process …

iFile.export("out.dat", data, file.get_timestamp(),
             file.get_trigger_frequency(), file.get_sample_rate(),
             file.get_range())

The legacy class delegates to the same Rust-backed implementation as the modern File, so legacy scripts run at the new speed without any modification.

Performance & safety

Performance

The lib is built to be the fastest credible way to get DAS samples into a numpy array in Python.

• DAT reads stream through a BufReader<File>; the inner read_exact runs with the GIL released so a second Python thread can do work while the OS is blocked on disk.
• No zero-init pass: the typed-conversion path allocates an uninitialised Vec<T> (via Vec::with_capacity + set_len) and fills it with one copy_nonoverlapping. Saves the 4 GB of pointless DRAM writes a vec![0; n] would do on a 4 GB acquisition.
• De-interleave kernels read the contiguous numpy buffer via as_slice() and iterate with chunks_exact(2) — LLVM auto-vectorises this into SSE/AVX gather-extract instructions on x86_64. The output Vec is also set_len'd, no per-element capacity check.
• HDF5 / TDMS / SEG-Y loading is handled by their respective Python libraries (themselves C-backed). The de-interleave step always runs through the same Rust kernels, regardless of the source format — channel extraction perf doesn't depend on the file format.
• Zero allocation on the hot path in the channel extractors: each call returns a single freshly-allocated numpy array; no intermediate scratch buffers, no per-row copies.

Measured on a recent laptop (single-threaded, release build):

Operation	Throughput
read_lines() from a .dat (i16 IQ, 100 MB chunk)	≈ 3.9 GB/s
get_i() + get_q() on a pre-loaded buffer	≈ 3.0 GB/s
get_iq() → complex64 packing	≈ same order of magnitude

Reproduce with pytest tests/test_performance.py -v -s. The throughput sanity tests also fail loudly (assertion) if a regression cuts perf below the floor — > 50 MB/s for read_lines, > 100 MB/s for the kernels — so a future refactor can't silently re-introduce the Vec::push / vec![0; n] anti-patterns.

Safety

• Strict header validation at open time: a File constructor rejects up front any header with line_size <= 0, sample_size not in {1, 2, 4, 8}, or an INTERLEAVED file with an odd line_size. The downstream maths can therefore assume positive sizes everywhere.
• Bounded unsafe: the whole extension contains three small unsafe blocks (uninit Vec via set_len, the byte→typed primitive copy, and the i16→u16 bitcast for the magnitude lane). Each one has a one-line invariant in a // SAFETY: comment and is exercised by the 1-million-sample correctness tests in tests/test_performance.py.
• Clear Python exceptions instead of crashes: every error path (missing file, malformed header, short read, wrong mode for the extractor) raises a typed OSError / ValueError / FileNotFoundError / ImportError with a message that names the field at fault.
• No silent type coercion: the wire dtype is preserved by default; explicit *_volts / *_radians methods do the physical scaling when you want it. No implicit astype(float64) surprise on a 4 GB array.
• Thread safety: each File owns its own backend; sharing a single File across Python threads is not supported (the file cursor isn't synchronised). Open one File per thread for parallel reads — they don't compete for any internal state.
• No mmap: deliberate. Memory-mapped files turn I/O errors into SIGBUS (segfault) instead of Python exceptions, which is unsafe when reading user-supplied paths in a long-running lab process.

Examples

See assets/basic_usage.py for a runnable end-to-end script.

Building from source

git clone <repo>
cd python-lib
pip install maturin
maturin develop --release        # local dev install
maturin build  --release         # build a wheel for distribution

The Rust crate lives in src/lib.rs and the Python facade in python/invisensing/.

License

MIT — © 2024-2026 Invisensing. See LICENSE for the full text.