kombu 1.1.4

AMQP Messaging Framework for Python

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kombu - AMQP Messaging Framework for Python
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:Version: 1.1.4

Synopsis
========

`Kombu` is an `AMQP`_ messaging framework for Python.

AMQP is the Advanced Message Queuing Protocol, an open standard protocol
for message orientation, queuing, routing, reliability and security.

One of the most popular implementations of AMQP is `RabbitMQ`_.

The aim of `Kombu` is to make messaging in Python as easy as possible by
providing an idiomatic high-level interface for the AMQP protocol, and also
provide proven and tested solutions to common messaging problems.

Features
========

* Allows application authors to support several message server
solutions by using pluggable transports.

* AMQP transports for both the `amqplib`_ (sync) and
`pika`_ (sync + async) clients.

* Virtual transports makes it really easy to add support for non-AMQP
transports. There is already built-in support for `Redis`_,
`Beanstalk`_, `Amazon SQS`, `CouchDB`_, and `MongoDB`_.

* SQLAlchemy and Django ORM transports exists as plug-ins (
`kombu-sqlalchemy`_ and `django-kombu`_).

* In-memory transport for unit testing.

* Supports automatic encoding, serialization and compression of message
payloads.

* Consistent exception handling across transports.

* The ability to ensure that an operation is performed by gracefully
handling connection and channel errrors.

* Several annoyances with `amqplib`_ has been fixed, like supporting
timeouts and the ability to wait for events on more than one channel.

* Projects already using `carrot`_ can easily be ported by using
a compatibility layer.


For an introduction to AMQP you should read the article `Rabbits and warrens`_,
and the `Wikipedia article about AMQP`_.



.. _`RabbitMQ`: http://www.rabbitmq.com/
.. _`AMQP`: http://amqp.org
.. _`Redis`: http://code.google.com/p/redis/
.. _`Amazon SQS`: http://aws.amazon.com/sqs/
.. _`MongoDB`: http://www.mongodb.org/
.. _`CouchDB`: http://couchdb.apache.org/
.. _`Beanstalk`: http://kr.github.com/beanstalkd/
.. _`Rabbits and warrens`: http://blogs.digitar.com/jjww/2009/01/rabbits-and-warrens/
.. _`amqplib`: http://barryp.org/software/py-amqplib/
.. _`pika`: http://github.com/tonyg/pika
.. _`Wikipedia article about AMQP`: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMQP
.. _`kombu-sqlalchemy`: http://github.com/ask/kombu-sqlalchemy/
.. _`django-kombu`: http://github.com/ask/django-kombu/
.. _`carrot`: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/carrot/


Transport Comparison
====================

+---------------+----------+------------+-----------+---------------+
| **Client** | **Type** | **Direct** | **Topic** | **Fanout** |
+---------------+----------+------------+-----------+---------------+
| *amqplib* | Native | Yes | Yes | Yes |
+---------------+----------+------------+-----------+---------------+
| *pika* | Native | Yes | Yes | Yes |
+---------------+----------+------------+-----------+---------------+
| *redis* | Virtual | Yes | Yes[*]_ | Yes (PUB/SUB) |
+---------------+----------+------------+-----------+---------------+
| *beanstalk* | Virtual | Yes | Yes[*]_ | No |
+---------------+----------+------------+-----------+---------------+
| *SQS* | Virtual | Yes | Yes[*]_ | No
+---------------+----------+------------+-----------+---------------+
| *mongodb* | Virtual | Yes | Yes[*]_ | No |
+---------------+----------+------------+-----------+---------------+
| *couchdb* | Virtual | Yes | Yes[*]_ | No |
+---------------+----------+------------+-----------+---------------+
| *in-memory* | Virtual | Yes | Yes[*]_ | No |
+---------------+----------+------------+-----------+---------------+


.. [*] Declarations only kept in memory, so exchanges/queues
must be declared by all clients that needs them.


Documentation
-------------

Kombu is using Sphinx, and the latest documentation is available at GitHub:

http://ask.github.com/kombu

Quick overview
--------------

::

from kombu.connection import BrokerConnection
from kombu.messaging import Exchange, Queue, Consumer, Producer

media_exchange = Exchange("media", "direct", durable=True)
video_queue = Queue("video", exchange=media_exchange, key="video")

# connections/channels
connection = BrokerConnection("localhost", "guest", "guest", "/")
channel = connection.channel()

# produce
producer = Producer(channel, exchange=media_exchange, serializer="json")
producer.publish({"name": "/tmp/lolcat1.avi", "size": 1301013})

# consume
consumer = Consumer(channel, video_queue)
consumer.register_callback(process_media)
consumer.consume()

# Process messages on all channels
while True:
connection.drain_events()

# Consume from several queues on the same channel:
video_queue = Queue("video", exchange=media_exchange, key="video")
image_queue = Queue("image", exchange=media_exchange, key="image")

consumer = Consumer(channel, [video_queue, image_queue])
consumer.consume()

while True:
connection.drain_events()


`Exchange` and `Queue` are simply declarations that can be pickled
and used in configuaration files etc.

They also support operations, but to do so they need to be bound
to a channel:

::

>>> exchange = Exchange("tasks", "direct")

>>> connection = BrokerConnection()
>>> channel = connection.channel()
>>> bound_exchange = exchange(channel)
>>> bound_exchange.delete()

# the original exchange is not affected, and stays unbound.
>>> exchange.delete()
raise NotBoundError: Can't call delete on Exchange not bound to
a channel.

Installation
============

You can install `Kombu` either via the Python Package Index (PyPI)
or from source.

To install using `pip`,::

$ pip install kombu

To install using `easy_install`,::

$ easy_install kombu

If you have downloaded a source tarball you can install it
by doing the following,::

$ python setup.py build
# python setup.py install # as root


Terminology
===========

There are some concepts you should be familiar with before starting:

* Producers

Producers sends messages to an exchange.

* Exchanges

Messages are sent to exchanges. Exchanges are named and can be
configured to use one of several routing algorithms. The exchange
routes the messages to consumers by matching the routing key in the
message with the routing key the consumer provides when binding to
the exchange.

* Consumers

Consumers declares a queue, binds it to a exchange and receives
messages from it.

* Queues

Queues receive messages sent to exchanges. The queues are declared
by consumers.

* Routing keys

Every message has a routing key. The interpretation of the routing
key depends on the exchange type. There are four default exchange
types defined by the AMQP standard, and vendors can define custom
types (so see your vendors manual for details).

These are the default exchange types defined by AMQP/0.8:

* Direct exchange

Matches if the routing key property of the message and
the `routing_key` attribute of the consumer are identical.

* Fan-out exchange

Always matches, even if the binding does not have a routing
key.

* Topic exchange

Matches the routing key property of the message by a primitive
pattern matching scheme. The message routing key then consists
of words separated by dots (`"."`, like domain names), and
two special characters are available; star (`"*"`) and hash
(`"#"`). The star matches any word, and the hash matches
zero or more words. For example `"*.stock.#"` matches the
routing keys `"usd.stock"` and `"eur.stock.db"` but not
`"stock.nasdaq"`.

Getting Help
============

Mailing list
------------

Join the `carrot-users`_ mailing list.

.. _`carrot-users`: http://groups.google.com/group/carrot-users/

Bug tracker
===========

If you have any suggestions, bug reports or annoyances please report them
to our issue tracker at http://github.com/ask/kombu/issues/

Contributing
============

Development of `Kombu` happens at Github: http://github.com/ask/kombu

You are highly encouraged to participate in the development. If you don't
like Github (for some reason) you're welcome to send regular patches.

License
=======

This software is licensed under the `New BSD License`. See the `LICENSE`
file in the top distribution directory for the full license text.