Kurd

A high-performance Model Context Protocol (MCP) gateway for Python, powered by Rust.

Kurd combines a Python-first developer API with a Rust data plane for MCP routing, upstream aggregation, concurrency control, security, caching, and observability. The optional enterprise layer adds multi-tenancy, billing, idempotency, a dead-letter queue, secrets management, webhooks, distributed state, and distributed tracing.

Status

Kurd is in beta and is being hardened for production use.

Current release line: 0.4.x

The gateway targets the MCP 2026-07-28 protocol revision while preserving compatibility paths used by existing Kurd applications.

Highlights

Core gateway

Python-first Router API
Rust core using Tokio, Axum, Serde, and Reqwest
MCP server/discover, tools/list, and tools/call
Local Python tools and mounted upstream MCP servers
Sync and async Python callbacks
Concurrent upstream discovery
Shared HTTP connection pool
Retry with exponential backoff and jitter
Circuit breaker
Tool-list caching with TTL and cache scope
Graceful HTTP lifecycle: start, stop, status, restart
Optional bearer authentication
Request-size and content-type validation
Upstream URL validation and private-network policy
Configurable upstream timeout
Global, per-upstream, and Python callback backpressure
Request IDs and structured request logging
Runtime, cache, and upstream metrics
Prometheus metrics export
Cross-platform CI and automated PyPI release workflow

Enterprise layer

Multi-tenancy with per-tenant API keys, quotas, and tool ACLs
Billing and usage tracking with configurable pricing models
Request idempotency (SQLite-backed, 24-hour result TTL)
Dead-letter queue with exponential-backoff replay
Secrets management (Kubernetes, HashiCorp Vault, AWS Secrets Manager, env)
Webhook notifications for gateway events
Distributed state (Redis or in-memory)
W3C-compatible distributed tracing context propagation

Installation

pip install kurd

Python 3.10 or newer is required.

Quick Start

from kurd import Router

router = Router()

@router.tool()
async def add(a: int, b: int) -> int:
    return a + b

Start the HTTP gateway:

from kurd._kurd import start_http_gateway

start_http_gateway("127.0.0.1:9200")

The MCP endpoint is:

http://127.0.0.1:9200/mcp

Health and operational status are exposed at:

GET /health
GET /status
GET /metrics

The /metrics endpoint exports Prometheus-format metrics for integration with monitoring systems (Datadog, Prometheus, New Relic, etc.).

Mount an Upstream MCP Server

from kurd import Router

router = Router()
router.mount("github", "http://127.0.0.1:9300")

An upstream tool named create_issue is exposed through Kurd as:

github.create_issue

Unmount or refresh the aggregated tool cache:

router.unmount("github")
router.refresh_tools()

Runtime Hardening

Kurd provides explicit concurrency controls:

router.configure_runtime(
    global_concurrency=512,
    upstream_concurrency=64,
    python_concurrency=64,
    request_logging=False,
)

Inspect runtime state:

print(router.runtime_status())

The HTTP /status endpoint also reports runtime, cache, security, upstream latency, retry, and circuit-breaker metrics.

Security

Kurd provides a production security baseline:

maximum MCP request body size (1 MiB)
JSON content-type validation
optional bearer-token authentication with constant-time comparison
upstream URL validation (scheme, credentials, fragment)
configurable private/loopback upstream policy
configurable upstream request timeout
sanitized upstream transport errors
overload rejection through explicit backpressure
per-IP and global rate limiting

For deployments exposed beyond localhost, use TLS at the reverse proxy or ingress layer and apply your normal network-level authentication and authorization controls.

Observability & Monitoring

Prometheus Metrics Export

Kurd exports metrics in Prometheus format at the /metrics endpoint:

curl http://127.0.0.1:9200/metrics

Available metrics:

kurd_requests_total - Total HTTP requests (total, completed, rejected)
kurd_requests_active - Currently active requests
kurd_requests_peak_active - Peak concurrent requests
kurd_request_latency_ms - Average request latency
kurd_python_active_calls - Active Python tool calls
kurd_python_rejections_total - Python tool call rejections
kurd_upstream_requests_total - Requests to upstream servers (per upstream)
kurd_upstream_successes_total - Successful upstream calls
kurd_upstream_failures_total - Failed upstream calls
kurd_upstream_retries_total - Upstream call retries
kurd_upstream_latency_ms - Average upstream latency
kurd_upstream_circuit_breaker_state - Circuit breaker state (0=closed, 1=open)
kurd_cache_hits_total - Tool discovery cache hits
kurd_cache_misses_total - Tool discovery cache misses
kurd_cache_invalidations_total - Cache invalidations
kurd_concurrency_limit - Configured concurrency limits

Integration example (Prometheus):

# prometheus.yml
scrape_configs:
  - job_name: 'kurd'
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['127.0.0.1:9200']
    metrics_path: '/metrics'

Integration example (Datadog):

# datadog.yaml
openmetrics_endpoint: http://127.0.0.1:9200/metrics

MCP 2026-07-28

Kurd implements the stateless 2026 MCP model used for routable gateway traffic:

per-request protocol metadata
MCP-Protocol-Version
Mcp-Method
Mcp-Name for tool calls
server/discover
deterministic tools/list
resultType
ttlMs
cacheScope
server identity metadata

Kurd rejects mismatched modern MCP headers and unsupported protocol versions.

Enterprise Features

Multi-Tenancy

Isolate tools, quotas, and API keys per tenant:

from kurd.multitenancy import TenantManager

manager = TenantManager()
api_key = manager.add_tenant(
    tenant_id="acme-corp",
    name="Acme Corp",
    quota_rps=100,
    allowed_tools=["add", "multiply"],
)

Each tenant gets a unique API key. The manager enforces per-tenant RPS quotas and tool access control lists independently.

Billing & Usage Tracking

Track tool usage per tenant with configurable pricing:

from kurd.billing import BillingManager

billing = BillingManager()
billing.set_pricing({
    "add": {"per_call": 0.001, "per_latency_ms": 0.0001},
})

billing.track_call(
    tenant_id="acme-corp",
    tool_name="add",
    latency_ms=25.5,
    success=True,
)

report = billing.get_usage_report("acme-corp", period="2026-08")

Supported billing models: per-request, per-latency, tiered, and hybrid.

Request Idempotency

Prevent duplicate tool executions using idempotency keys:

router.configure_runtime(enable_idempotency=True)
idempotency = router.get_idempotency()

is_duplicate, cached = idempotency.check_idempotent_key(
    idempotency_key="req-abc-123",
    tenant_id="acme-corp",
)
if is_duplicate:
    return cached

result = process_request()
idempotency.store_result("req-abc-123", "acme-corp", result)

Results are stored in SQLite with a 24-hour TTL by default.

Dead-Letter Queue

Capture failed requests for later replay:

router.configure_runtime(enable_dlq=True, dlq_storage_path="/data/kurd/dlq")
dlq = router.get_dlq()

dlq.add_message(
    request_id="req-123",
    tenant_id="acme-corp",
    tool_name="add",
    arguments={"a": 1, "b": 2},
    error="Timeout after 30s",
)

dlq.register_replay_handler("add", add_handler)
success, error = dlq.replay_message("dlq_abc123")

pending = dlq.get_pending_replays()
stats = dlq.get_statistics(tenant_id="acme-corp")

Replay uses exponential backoff (up to 1 hour) and a configurable maximum retry count. Archived messages are cleaned up via cleanup_archived(days=30).

Secrets Management

Retrieve secrets from Kubernetes, HashiCorp Vault, AWS Secrets Manager, or environment variables:

from kurd.secrets_management import SecretsManager

# Kubernetes (in-cluster)
manager = SecretsManager(backend="kubernetes")

# HashiCorp Vault
manager = SecretsManager(
    backend="vault",
    vault_addr="https://vault.example.com",
    vault_token="s.xxxxx",
)

# AWS Secrets Manager
manager = SecretsManager(backend="aws", aws_region="us-east-1")

# Environment variables (default)
manager = SecretsManager(backend="env")

secret = manager.get_secret("db_password")

Secrets are cached locally until clear_cache() is called. Required third-party packages (kubernetes, hvac, boto3) are only imported when the corresponding backend is activated.

Webhooks

Receive event-driven notifications for gateway events:

router.configure_runtime(enable_webhooks=True)
webhooks = router.get_webhooks()

webhooks.register_webhook(
    url="https://example.com/hooks",
    events=["error", "dlq_replay_failed", "rate_limit_exceeded"],
    tenant_id="acme-corp",
)

webhooks.trigger_event(
    event_type="error",
    tenant_id="acme-corp",
    data={"tool": "add", "error": "timeout"},
)

Supported events: error, dlq_message_added, dlq_replay_success, dlq_replay_failed, rate_limit_exceeded, health_check_failed, request_timeout, authorization_failed, idempotent_duplicate.

Deliveries are signed with HMAC-SHA256 and stored for audit via get_deliveries().

Distributed State

Share state across multiple Kurd instances using Redis or in-memory storage:

router.configure_runtime(
    enable_distributed_state=True,
    distributed_state_backend="redis",
    redis_url="redis://localhost:6379/0",
)
state = router.get_distributed_state()

state.set("gateway:config:version", 42)
version = state.get("gateway:config:version")

state.increment("counters:acme-corp:calls")
state.append_to_list("events:acme-corp", {"type": "tool_call"})

Use the memory backend for local development or single-instance deployments.

Distributed Tracing

Propagate W3C Trace Context across services:

from kurd.distributed_tracing import extract_context, inject_context

trace = extract_context(incoming_headers)
span = trace.create_span("tool_execution", {"tool": "add"})
span.set_attribute("result", 42)
span.end()

upstream_headers = inject_context(trace)

Tracing context is accessible from router.get_tracing_context() and is included in runtime_status() output when enabled.

Performance

The repository includes end-to-end HTTP load tests in tests/test_load.py.

Example measurements from a Windows development machine:

Scenario	Concurrency	Throughput	p50	p95	p99	Errors
Local Python tool	10	594.5 req/s	14.94 ms	23.88 ms	28.66 ms	0%
Local Python tool	50	587.9 req/s	33.29 ms	87.83 ms	119.09 ms	0%
Local Python tool	100	556.0 req/s	18.27 ms	29.52 ms	32.43 ms	0%
Upstream tool	10	412.2 req/s	21.77 ms	36.35 ms	42.74 ms	0%
Upstream tool	50	229.8 req/s	20.61 ms	534.61 ms	549.25 ms	0%
Upstream tool	100	293.6 req/s	30.12 ms	531.40 ms	535.40 ms	0%
Local sustained burst	100	573.3 req/s	73.51 ms	179.13 ms	218.49 ms	0%

These are local measurements, not universal performance guarantees. Hardware, operating system, Python version, payload shape, upstream implementation, and network conditions affect results.

Run the benchmark suite with:

python -m pytest tests/test_load.py -q -s

Development

Create and activate a virtual environment, then install the development tools:

python -m pip install --upgrade pip
python -m pip install maturin pytest

Build the native extension:

maturin develop --release

Run the full test suite:

python -m pytest -q

Build release artifacts:

maturin build --release

Architecture

Python application
       |
       v
   Kurd Router
   (Python API layer)
       |
       +-- Enterprise modules (optional)
       |   multitenancy, billing, idempotency,
       |   DLQ, secrets, webhooks,
       |   distributed state, tracing
       |
       v
   PyO3 boundary
       |
       v
 Rust MCP gateway
   |          |
   |          +--> Local Python tools
   |
   +-------------> Upstream MCP servers

Rust owns the HTTP server, MCP validation, routing, caching, retries, circuit breaking, backpressure, rate limiting, and operational metrics. Python provides the developer-facing registration, configuration, and enterprise-feature APIs.

Testing

The current suite covers:

JSON-RPC parsing and dispatch
local sync and async tools
upstream discovery and calls
concurrent upstream discovery
cache behavior and invalidation
mount and unmount
MCP 2026 request headers and protocol-version checks
HTTP lifecycle and graceful shutdown
request-size and content-type security
bearer authentication
upstream URL policy
timeout configuration
error sanitization
global and Python callback backpressure
request ID propagation
runtime observability
Prometheus metrics export
load and burst behavior

Compatibility

CI targets Windows, Linux, and macOS. Release wheels are built through Maturin.

The project is primarily developed with Python 3.12 and stable Rust; package metadata supports Python 3.10+.

Release Policy

Kurd uses semantic versioning while the public API stabilizes.

patch releases: bug fixes and packaging corrections
minor releases: new gateway or MCP capabilities
1.0.0: stable public API commitment

Project Structure

kurd/
├── kurd/
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── router.py
│   ├── multitenancy.py
│   ├── billing.py
│   ├── idempotency.py
│   ├── dead_letter_queue.py
│   ├── secrets_management.py
│   ├── webhooks.py
│   ├── distributed_state.py
│   ├── distributed_tracing.py
│   ├── api_key_management.py
│   ├── audit_logging.py
│   ├── authorization.py
│   ├── error_recovery.py
│   ├── graceful_shutdown.py
│   ├── health_checks.py
│   ├── persistence.py
│   ├── request_response_logging.py
│   ├── request_validation.py
│   ├── resource_limits.py
│   ├── telemetry.py
│   └── tls_management.py
├── src/
│   └── lib.rs
├── tests/
│   ├── test_core.py
│   ├── test_upstream.py
│   ├── test_load.py
│   ├── test_prometheus_metrics.py
│   └── upstream_server.py
├── Cargo.toml
├── pyproject.toml
├── README.md
└── LICENSE

Contributing

Issues and technical discussions are welcome through the GitHub issue tracker.

Before submitting a change:

cargo check
maturin develop --release
python -m pytest -q

License

MIT.

Name

The name Kurd honors Kurdish identity and heritage.

Bezhi Kurd u Kurdistan.

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Release history Release notifications | RSS feed

0.7.0

Sep 6, 2026 13 files

0.6.0

Aug 27, 2026 13 files

This release

0.5.0 This release

Aug 22, 2026 13 files

0.4.0

Aug 22, 2026 4 files

0.3.0

Aug 19, 2026 4 files

0.2.0

Aug 18, 2026 4 files

kurd 0.5.0

Kurd

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Quick Start

Mount an Upstream MCP Server

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MCP 2026-07-28

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