lang-parsing-substrate

A shared language-parsing substrate for static-analysis tools: tree-sitter grammar dispatch, language detection, and a growing set of language-agnostic analysis primitives (import/call graphs, control-flow graphs, structural fingerprinting, suppression comments) built on top of a unified LanguageInfo registry across 16 languages — compiled in at build time via Cargo feature flags.

What's in the substrate

Module Provides
registry Language detection by extension, the LanguageInfo table, SLOC comment-style metadata
query Iterative (non-recursive) tree-sitter traversal helpers: find_descendants, find_first_descendant, node_text, ancestor lookups
imports Per-file import/use-statement extraction, for building efferent-coupling (Ce) edges
calls Per-file call-graph edge extraction (caller → callee), with external-call detection
cfg Control-flow graph / basic-block construction for a function body (c, cpp, rust)
c_standard Best-effort lower bound on the C standard (C99/C11/C23) a file's syntax requires
fingerprint Structural hashing of function-like subtrees, for duplicate/clone detection across a corpus
regions tools:off / tools:on ignored-region markers
suppressions tools:suppress TOOL:RULE single-line suppression comments
dead_code Preprocessor dead-code regions for C/C++ (#if 0, __cplusplus-gated branches, locally-provable macro definedness)
dead_code_swift Dead-code regions for Swift's #if/#elseif/#else conditional compilation (compile-time-constant boolean conditions only — see module docs for why the C/C++ macro-definedness sub-problem doesn't apply to Swift)
dead_code_csharp Dead-code regions for C#'s #if/#elif/#else conditional compilation — AST-based like dead_code_swift, but ports both C/C++ sub-problems (constant conditions and locally-provable #define/#undef symbol definedness) since C# has real nested preprocessor nodes and real #define
path_ignore Compiled glob ignore-pattern sets for path filtering

Everything below the registry is deliberately per-file: a module extracts what one parse tree contains, and leaves assembling a corpus-wide graph, dedup report, or coupling metric to the caller. This keeps the substrate's job narrow (one authoritative, correct answer per file) and lets each consumer choose its own storage model (in-memory, SQLite, whatever) without the substrate needing to know about it.

Language coverage varies by module — the registry knows about all 16 languages, but modules like cfg only model the languages they've been built out for. A module never fabricates a result for a language it doesn't support; it returns None (or an empty result) instead of guessing.

Feature flags

Not every consumer needs all 16 languages. Each language is an optional Cargo feature; the all-languages convenience feature (enabled by default) pulls in the full set.

Feature Language Grammar crate
lang-c C tree-sitter-c
lang-cpp C++ tree-sitter-cpp
lang-rust Rust tree-sitter-rust
lang-python Python tree-sitter-python
lang-javascript JavaScript tree-sitter-javascript
lang-typescript TypeScript tree-sitter-typescript
lang-go Go tree-sitter-go
lang-java Java tree-sitter-java
lang-csharp C# tree-sitter-c-sharp
lang-kotlin Kotlin tree-sitter-kotlin-ng
lang-swift Swift tree-sitter-swift
lang-php PHP tree-sitter-php
lang-ada Ada tree-sitter-ada
lang-fortran Fortran (free-form) tree-sitter-fortran
lang-scala Scala tree-sitter-scala
lang-lua Lua tree-sitter-lua
all-languages All of the above —

A consumer that only cares about C/C++, for example, would declare:

lang-parsing-substrate = { version = "0.5", default-features = false, features = ["lang-c", "lang-cpp"] }

Usage

# Cargo.toml — full language set (default)
lang-parsing-substrate = "0.5"

# Cargo.toml — C/C++ only
lang-parsing-substrate = { version = "0.5", default-features = false, features = ["lang-c", "lang-cpp"] }

use lang_parsing_substrate::{language_for_file, languages, supported_languages_report};
use std::path::Path;

// Detect language for a file
if let Some(lang) = language_for_file(Path::new("main.c")) {
    let mut parser = tree_sitter::Parser::new();
    parser.set_language(&lang).unwrap();
    // parse...
}

// Enumerate compiled-in languages (reflects feature flags)
for info in languages() {
    println!("{}: {:?}", info.name, info.extensions);
}

// Human-readable summary (for --supported-languages flags)
print!("{}", supported_languages_report());

Grammar crates are re-exported so consumers reach them transitively:

// No direct tree-sitter-rust dependency needed in your Cargo.toml
use lang_parsing_substrate::tree_sitter_rust;

Analysis primitives

use lang_parsing_substrate::{call_edges, import_sources, build_function_cfg, structural_hash};

// Call-graph edges for every named function/macro in a parsed file
let edges = call_edges(tree.root_node(), source);

// Import/use-statement sources, for Ce/Ca coupling metrics
let imports = import_sources(&tree, source.as_bytes(), "rust");

// Control-flow graph for a single function body (c/cpp/rust)
if let Some(cfg) = build_function_cfg(func_node, source, "rust") {
    println!("{} basic blocks", cfg.block_count());
}

// Best-effort lower bound on the C standard a file requires
if let Some(standard) = detect_min_c_standard(&tree, source.as_bytes()) {
    println!("requires at least {standard:?}");
}

API

  • languages() -> &'static [LanguageInfo] — compiled-in language set
  • language_for_file(path: &Path) -> Option<Language> — grammar dispatch by extension
  • language_for_key(key: &str) -> Option<Language> — grammar dispatch by registry key
  • language_info_for_file(path: &Path) -> Option<&'static LanguageInfo>
  • is_source_extension / is_parseable_extension(ext: &OsStr) -> bool — recursive-discovery gates
  • supported_languages_report() -> String — human-readable language summary
  • LanguageInfo / SlocMode — registry metadata and comment-style enum (drives SLOC calculation)
  • find_descendants / find_first_descendant / find_ancestor / node_text and friends — traversal helpers (query)
  • import_sources / distinct_import_count — import extraction (imports)
  • call_edges / CallEdge / is_function_kind / get_function_name — call-graph extraction (calls)
  • build_function_cfg / FunctionCfg / BasicBlock / CfgEdge — control-flow graphs (cfg)
  • detect_min_c_standard / CStandard — C standard lower-bound detection (c_standard)
  • function_fingerprints / duplicate_groups / Fingerprint / CorpusFingerprint — structural hashing (fingerprint)
  • ignored_regions / IgnoredRegion — tools:off/tools:on markers (regions)
  • suppressions / Suppression — tools:suppress comments (suppressions)
  • dead_code_ranges / DeadCodeRegion / DeadCodeReason — preprocessor dead-code regions, C/C++ only (dead_code)
  • swift_dead_code_regions / SwiftDeadCodeRegion — Swift #if/#elseif/#else dead-code regions (dead_code_swift)
  • csharp_dead_code_regions / CSharpDeadCodeRegion — C# #if/#elif/#else dead-code regions (dead_code_csharp)
  • PathIgnore — compiled glob ignore sets (path_ignore)

Building

cargo build                                          # all languages (default)
cargo build --no-default-features --features lang-c,lang-cpp  # subset
cargo test

Requires no C compiler — tree-sitter grammar crates ship pre-generated C sources and compile via the cc crate.

Python bindings

The pyo3 Cargo feature (off by default) exposes the substrate's language-agnostic analysis primitives as a Python extension module, published to PyPI as prebuilt abi3 wheels (CPython 3.10+, one wheel per platform — see docs/releasing.md):

pip install lang-parsing-substrate

Building it yourself from source uses maturin:

pip install maturin
maturin build --release          # writes target/wheels/lang_parsing_substrate-*.whl
pip install target/wheels/lang_parsing_substrate-*.whl

import lang_parsing_substrate as lps

src = "fn helper(x: i32) -> i32 { x + 1 }\nfn main() { helper(41); }\n"
edges = lps.call_edges("rust", src)          # [CallEdge(caller='main', callee='helper', ...)]
cfg = lps.function_cfg("rust", src, "main")  # FunctionCfg | None
fps = lps.function_fingerprints("rust", src, min_nodes=1)

Python can't hand this crate a tree_sitter::Node/Tree directly — this crate's tree-sitter version has no ABI relationship to tree-sitter's own, separate Python bindings — so every bound function takes (language_key, source), parses internally, and returns owned data (CallEdge, FunctionCfg, Fingerprint, Suppression, IgnoredRegion, LanguageInfo, all plain attribute-holding classes). A consumer that also needs to walk the tree itself (e.g. for domain-specific semantics this crate doesn't model) still parses separately with a language-specific tree-sitter Python package; the bindings here only cover the substrate's own primitives.

invoke build-wheel builds the wheel locally for testing. The actual PyPI release happens in CI on a vX.Y.Z tag push, via Trusted Publishing (OIDC, no API token) — see docs/releasing.md.

License

MIT — see LICENSE.

Project links

Data verified by PyPI on Aug 26, 2026
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  • Released:
Newer release available (0.9.0)

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Credits

Author: Brandon Arrendondo

GitHub Statistics

Data verified by PyPI on Aug 26, 2026
The GitHub source repository was provided by the project maintainers and verified by PyPI at the time of upload. Stars, forks, and open issues/PRs are derived from that repository and have not been independently verified.

License

MIT License (MIT)

Requires

Python >=3.10

Tags

tree-sitter parsing language-detection static-analysis

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