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Lean Runtime

Run Lean proofs from Python or a single .lean file—without creating a throwaway Lake project or rebuilding the same dependencies on every machine.

Lean Runtime discovers the exact Lean environment a project needs and reuses a downloadable copy when one is available. It returns structured Lean results with a record of the toolchain and dependencies that were actually used.

Status: V1 beta. The local backend runs trusted Lean, Lake, and package code; it is an orchestration boundary, not a security sandbox.

Install

python -m pip install lean-runtime

Lean Runtime manages its own Elan installation on macOS and Linux. Windows currently requires LEAN_RUNTIME_ELAN.

Run one Lean file

Inside an existing pinned Lake project, just pass the file:

lean-run MyProject/Main.lean

For a portable standalone file, declare exact dependencies in TOML frontmatter:

-- /// lean-runtime
-- requires = ["mathlib@v4.32.2"]
-- ///

import Mathlib

example : 2 + 2 = 4 := by norm_num
lean-run Main.lean

The same context can be supplied from the command line:

lean-run Main.lean --with mathlib@v4.32.2

Create an exact lock for CI without changing the file:

lean-run Main.lean --with mathlib@v4.32.2 \
  --lock-out environment.lock.json
lean-run Main.lean --lock environment.lock.json

Python

Configure an environment once, then use it repeatedly:

import lean_runtime as lean

env = lean.setup(["mathlib@v4.32.2"])

result = env.check(
    """
    import Mathlib
    example : 2 + 2 = 4 := by norm_num
    """
)
result.raise_for_error()

Batch and asyncio APIs reuse that prepared environment:

results = env.check_many(generated_proofs, concurrency=8)
results = await env.check_many_async(generated_proofs, concurrency=20)

Local projects use the same setup pattern while retaining mutable-project semantics:

project = lean.setup(project="./my-project")
result = project.check_file("./my-project/MyProject/Main.lean")

One-shot helpers are available when setup reuse is unnecessary:

result = lean.check(source, deps=["mathlib@v4.32.2"])
result = lean.check_file("./my-project/MyProject/Main.lean")

When you need evidence rather than extra setup, the operations CLI can verify, explain, compare, and measure the same exact contexts:

lean-runtime verify research-stack --offline
lean-runtime compare previous.lock.json environment.lock.json
lean-runtime profile research-stack Main.lean --repeat 5
lean-runtime matrix compatibility.toml Main.lean

Use lean-run Main.lean --explain to inspect context routing without executing Lean, and --timings to expose preparation versus execution time. Successful ordinary checks remain one concise line.

Friendly references remain exact: use mathlib@VERSION, leancert@VERSION, owner/repository@REVISION, or the explicit github:owner/repository@REVISION form. Bare floating package names are never accepted.

Share environments

A project is your ordinary Lake repository. Its environment is the exact Lean version, dependencies, and build configuration needed to use it. A downloadable environment is a ready-to-use copy that collaborators and CI can fetch instead of rebuilding Mathlib.

Environment libraries may be public or private. For example:

lean-runtime --library ghcr.io/owner/lean-environments download environment.lock.json
lean-runtime build-and-publish environment.lock.json \
  --publish-to ghcr.io/owner/lean-environments

For an already-built executable, Lean Runtime can also create a verified ready-to-run program. It opens without rebuilding the project, can be saved as a portable copy, and can be shared through a public or private program library. See Ready-to-run programs.

Technical details

The simple API is backed by exact Git commits and trees, Lake-resolved locks, platform-aware content-addressed environments, atomic cross-process builds, downloadable environment reuse, replayable provenance, verification, and trusted publishers. The libraries use OCI-compatible storage internally, but users do not need Docker or container concepts. Advanced protocol details remain in the architecture documentation.

Documentation

License

Apache License 2.0.

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