marvel-py
A pure-Python reimplementation of MARVEL for single-cell alternative splicing analysis across plate-based and 10x droplet workflows.
- AnnData-native workflow controller for Scanpy-style pipelines, with MARVEL inputs in
adata.unsand results written back toadata.uns/adata.obsm - No
rpy2; flat TSV / Matrix Market inputs remain supported as the backend compatibility layer - Implements PSI quantification, modality summaries, differential gene / splicing analysis, variable splicing event selection, PCA helpers, isoform switching, and rMATS / cryptic-splice-site utilities
- R MARVEL parity is tracked with committed reference fixtures and full external replay benchmarks
This package is a standalone Python port of the public user-facing MARVEL workflow surface. The R package remains the reference implementation; this repo keeps Python behavior close to R MARVEL through R-vs-Python tests, audit fixtures, and external benchmark reports.
Install
Install the released package from PyPI:
pip install marvel-python
For local development from this repository:
pip install -e .
For benchmark report generation, also install matplotlib, or use the uv run --with ... commands shown below.
The bundled tutorial notebooks are expected to run in the ove micromamba environment and import the package normally:
import marvel_py as mp
Quick Start
Plate workflow
import marvel_py as mp
marvel = mp.create_marvel_object(
splice_pheno="splice_pheno.tsv",
splice_junction="splice_junction.tsv",
intron_counts="intron_counts.tsv",
gene_feature="gene_feature.tsv",
exp="exp.tsv",
gtf="annotation.gtf",
splice_feature={
"SE": "SE_feature.tsv",
"MXE": "MXE_feature.tsv",
"RI": "RI_feature.tsv",
"A5SS": "A5SS_feature.tsv",
"A3SS": "A3SS_feature.tsv",
},
)
marvel = mp.check_alignment(marvel, level="SJ")
marvel = mp.compute_psi(marvel, event_type="SE", coverage_threshold=10.0)
# Results stay on the MARVEL-style object.
marvel.psi["SE"]
pass_ids = marvel.splice_pheno.loc[marvel.splice_pheno["qc.seq"] == "pass", "sample.id"]
marvel = mp.subset_samples(marvel, sample_ids=pass_ids.tolist())
marvel = mp.transform_exp_values(marvel, offset=1.0, transformation="log2", threshold_lower=1.0)
g1 = marvel.splice_pheno.loc[marvel.splice_pheno["cell.type"] == "iPSC", "sample.id"].tolist()
g2 = marvel.splice_pheno.loc[marvel.splice_pheno["cell.type"] == "Endoderm", "sample.id"].tolist()
marvel = mp.compare_values(
marvel,
cell_group_g1=g1,
cell_group_g2=g2,
level="gene",
method="wilcox",
min_cells=25,
)
The same downstream function names also accept AnnData objects. See the API comparison below for AnnData-native usage.
10x droplet workflow
import marvel_py as mp
marvel = mp.create_marvel_object_10x(
gene_norm_matrix="gene_norm_matrix.mtx",
gene_norm_pheno="gene_norm_pheno.tsv",
gene_norm_feature="gene_norm_feature.tsv",
gene_count_matrix="gene_count_matrix.mtx",
gene_count_pheno="gene_count_pheno.tsv",
gene_count_feature="gene_count_feature.tsv",
sj_count_matrix="sj_count_matrix.mtx",
sj_count_pheno="sj_count_pheno.tsv",
sj_count_feature="sj_count_feature.tsv",
gtf="annotation.gtf",
)
marvel = mp.annotate_genes_10x(marvel)
marvel = mp.annotate_sj_10x(marvel)
marvel = mp.validate_sj_10x(marvel)
marvel = mp.filter_genes_10x(marvel)
marvel = mp.check_alignment_10x(marvel)
g1 = marvel.sample_metadata.loc[marvel.sample_metadata["cell.type"] == "iPSC", "cell.id"].tolist()
g2 = marvel.sample_metadata.loc[marvel.sample_metadata["cell.type"] == "Cardio day 10", "cell.id"].tolist()
marvel = mp.plot_pct_expr_cells_genes_10x(marvel, cell_group_g1=g1, cell_group_g2=g2, min_pct_cells=5.0)
marvel = mp.plot_pct_expr_cells_sj_10x(
marvel,
cell_group_g1=g1,
cell_group_g2=g2,
min_pct_cells_genes=5.0,
min_pct_cells_sj=5.0,
)
marvel = mp.compare_values_sj_10x(
marvel,
cell_group_g1=g1,
cell_group_g2=g2,
min_pct_cells_genes=10.0,
min_pct_cells_sj=10.0,
min_gene_norm=1.0,
n_iterations=10,
)
marvel = mp.compare_values_genes_10x(marvel)
Pass pca="pca.tsv" only when you want to use coordinate-based helpers such as mp.plot_values_pca_cell_group_10x(...), mp.plot_values_pca_gene_10x(...), or mp.plot_values_pca_psi_10x(...).
Pass gtf="annotation.gtf" when you want py-MARVEL to annotate genes/SJs with mp.annotate_genes_10x(...), mp.annotate_sj_10x(...), or gene-structure plotting helpers. If your feature tables are already annotated (gene_type in gene features and gene_short_name.start, gene_short_name.end, sj.type in SJ features), 10x object creation, AnnData setup, and downstream SJ filtering/alignment can run without gtf.
Both MARVEL-style object calls and AnnData function calls are supported. The old nested api facade and legacy py_marvel mirror are not the supported interface.
R API vs py-MARVEL R-style vs AnnData-native API
There are three related ways to run MARVEL workflows. R MARVEL is the reference implementation. py-MARVEL keeps an R-style object API for parity and migration, and adds an AnnData-native API for Scanpy / omicverse workflows.
| Topic | R MARVEL API | py-MARVEL R-style API | py-MARVEL AnnData-native API |
|---|---|---|---|
| Import | library(MARVEL) |
import marvel_py as mp |
import marvel_py as mp |
| Primary object | R S3 MarvelObject |
MarvelPlate or Marvel10x |
AnnData |
| Plate setup | marvel <- CreateMarvelObject(...) |
marvel = mp.create_marvel_object(...) |
adata = mp.setup_plate_anndata(...) |
| 10x setup | marvel <- CreateMarvelObject.10x(...) |
marvel = mp.create_marvel_object_10x(...) |
adata = mp.setup_10x_anndata(...) |
| Function naming | R-style names, e.g. ComputePSI(...) |
Python snake_case, e.g. mp.compute_psi(...) |
Same Python snake_case, e.g. mp.compute_psi(...) |
| Workflow call target | MarvelObject=marvel |
First argument is marvel |
First argument is adata |
| Cell metadata | R object slots such as $SplicePheno or $sample.metadata |
marvel.splice_pheno or marvel.sample_metadata |
adata.obs |
| Gene metadata | R slots such as $GeneFeature or $gene.metadata |
marvel.gene_feature or marvel.gene_metadata |
adata.var plus MARVEL tables in adata.uns |
| PSI / SJ / DE results | R slots such as $PSI, $DE, $N.Events |
Python attributes such as marvel.psi, marvel.de_gene, marvel.n_events |
adata.uns["marvel"]["tables"] and adata.obsm[...] |
| Scanpy integration | No | No | Yes, shares obs, var, obsm, and layers conventions |
| Serialization | R serialization / exported tables | Python pickle or exported tables | AnnData .h5ad workflows, subject to AnnData-supported stored values |
| Best use case | Exact reference behavior and R-only workflows | R parity benchmarks, direct porting of MARVEL scripts | New Python, Scanpy, and omicverse workflows |
The py-MARVEL R-style and AnnData-native APIs intentionally share downstream function names. Migration usually changes the setup call and result access pattern, while analysis verbs remain the same.
Plate example:
# R MARVEL
marvel <- CreateMarvelObject(...)
marvel <- CheckAlignment(MarvelObject=marvel, level="SJ")
marvel <- ComputePSI(MarvelObject=marvel, EventType="SE", CoverageThreshold=10)
psi_se <- marvel$PSI$SE
# py-MARVEL R-style object API
marvel = mp.create_marvel_object(...)
marvel = mp.check_alignment(marvel, level="SJ")
marvel = mp.compute_psi(marvel, event_type="SE", coverage_threshold=10)
psi_se = marvel.psi["SE"]
# py-MARVEL AnnData-native API
adata = mp.setup_plate_anndata(...)
adata = mp.check_alignment(adata, level="SJ")
adata = mp.compute_psi(adata, event_type="SE", coverage_threshold=10)
psi_se = adata.uns["marvel"]["tables"]["psi"]["SE"]
10x droplet example:
# R MARVEL
marvel <- CreateMarvelObject.10x(...)
marvel <- AnnotateGenes.10x(MarvelObject=marvel)
marvel <- CompareValues.Genes.10x(MarvelObject=marvel)
de_gene <- marvel$DE$Gene$Table
# py-MARVEL R-style object API
marvel = mp.create_marvel_object_10x(...)
marvel = mp.annotate_genes_10x(marvel)
marvel = mp.compare_values_genes_10x(marvel)
de_gene = marvel.de_gene
# py-MARVEL AnnData-native API
adata = mp.setup_10x_anndata(...)
adata = mp.annotate_genes_10x(adata)
adata = mp.compare_values_genes_10x(adata)
de_gene = adata.uns["marvel"]["tables"]["de_gene"]
R MARVEL API Mapping
The Python API follows the R MARVEL workflow names but uses Python snake_case. The preferred Python entry point is AnnData-native: setup functions create an AnnData object, and downstream functions update that object in place while returning it. Low-level MarvelPlate and Marvel10x objects remain available for parity tests and legacy scripts.
Core object model
| R MARVEL | py-MARVEL | Notes |
|---|---|---|
CreateMarvelObject(...) |
mp.setup_plate_anndata(...) |
Preferred plate entry point; stores inputs in adata.uns["marvel_input"]. |
CreateMarvelObject(...) |
mp.create_marvel_object(...) |
Legacy low-level MarvelPlate constructor, kept for R parity and benchmarks. |
CreateMarvelObject.10x(...) |
mp.setup_10x_anndata(...) |
Preferred 10x entry point; Matrix Market inputs are lazy by default. |
CreateMarvelObject.10x(...) |
mp.create_marvel_object_10x(...) |
Legacy low-level Marvel10x constructor. |
R S3 MarvelObject slots |
adata.uns["marvel"]["tables"], adata.obsm[...] |
Tabular results are mirrored into AnnData; the runtime backend object is cached outside adata.uns. |
Plate workflow
| R MARVEL | py-MARVEL |
|---|---|
CheckAlignment(...) |
mp.check_alignment(...) |
SubsetSamples(...) |
mp.subset_samples(...) |
TransformExpValues(...) |
mp.transform_exp_values(...) |
DetectEvents(...), DetectEvents.AFE(...), DetectEvents.ALE(...) |
mp.detect_events(...) |
ComputePSI(...), ComputePSI.SE(...), ComputePSI.MXE(...), ComputePSI.RI(...), ComputePSI.A5SS(...), ComputePSI.A3SS(...), ComputePSI.AFE(...), ComputePSI.ALE(...) |
mp.compute_psi(..., event_type="SE") |
ComputePSI.Posterior(...) |
mp.compute_psi_posterior(...) |
AssignModality(...) |
mp.assign_modality(...) |
CountEvents(...) |
mp.count_events(...) |
PropModality(...), PropModality.Bar(...), PropModality.Doughnut(...) |
mp.prop_modality(...), mp.prop_modality_bar(...), mp.prop_modality_doughnut(...) |
CompareValues(...), CompareValues.PSI(...), CompareValues.Exp(...), CompareValues.Exp.Spliced(...) |
mp.compare_values(...) |
RunPCA(...) |
mp.run_pca(...) |
PlotValues(...) |
mp.plot_values(...) |
PlotDEValues(...) |
mp.plot_de_values(...) |
ModalityChange(...) |
mp.modality_change(...) |
IsoSwitch(...), IsoSwitch.PlotExpr(...) |
mp.iso_switch(...), mp.iso_switch_plot_expr(...) |
IdentifyVariableEvents(...) |
mp.identify_variable_events(...) |
PctASE(...) |
mp.pct_ase(...) |
ParseGTF(...) |
mp.parse_gtf(...) |
PrepareBedFile.RI(...) |
mp.prepare_bed_file_ri(...) |
Preprocess_rMATS(...), Preprocess_rMATS.SE(...), Preprocess_rMATS.MXE(...), Preprocess_rMATS.RI(...), Preprocess_rMATS.A5SS(...), Preprocess_rMATS.A3SS(...) |
mp.preprocess_rmats(...), mp.preprocess_rmats_se(...), mp.preprocess_rmats_mxe(...), mp.preprocess_rmats_ri(...), mp.preprocess_rmats_a5ss(...), mp.preprocess_rmats_a3ss(...) |
RemoveCrypticSS(...), RemoveCrypticSS.AFE(...), RemoveCrypticSS.ALE(...) |
mp.remove_cryptic_ss(...), mp.remove_cryptic_ss_afe(...), mp.remove_cryptic_ss_ale(...) |
SubsetCrypticSS(...), SubsetCrypticSS.A5SS(...), SubsetCrypticSS.A3SS(...), SubsetCrypticA3SS(...) |
mp.subset_cryptic_ss(...), mp.subset_cryptic_ss_a5ss(...), mp.subset_cryptic_ss_a3ss(...), mp.subset_cryptic_a3ss(...) |
10x droplet workflow
| R MARVEL | py-MARVEL |
|---|---|
AnnotateGenes.10x(...) |
mp.annotate_genes_10x(...) |
AnnotateSJ.10x(...) |
mp.annotate_sj_10x(...) |
ValidateSJ.10x(...) |
mp.validate_sj_10x(...) |
FilterGenes.10x(...) |
mp.filter_genes_10x(...) |
CheckAlignment.10x(...) |
mp.check_alignment_10x(...) |
PlotPctExprCells.Genes.10x(...) |
mp.plot_pct_expr_cells_genes_10x(...) |
PlotPctExprCells.SJ.10x(...) |
mp.plot_pct_expr_cells_sj_10x(...) |
CompareValues.SJ.10x(...) |
mp.compare_values_sj_10x(...) |
CompareValues.Genes.10x(...) |
mp.compare_values_genes_10x(...) |
CompareValues.SJ.DonorLevel.10x(...) |
mp.compare_values_sj_donor_level_10x(...) |
PlotDEValues.SJ.10x(...) |
mp.plot_de_values_sj_10x(...) |
PlotDEValues.Genes.10x(...) |
mp.plot_de_values_genes_10x(...) |
PlotValues.Gene.Pseudobulk.10x(...) |
mp.plot_values_gene_pseudobulk_10x(...) |
PlotValues.Gene.SingleCell.10x(...) |
mp.plot_values_gene_single_cell_10x(...) |
PlotValues.PCA.CellGroup.10x(...) |
mp.plot_values_pca_cell_group_10x(...) |
PlotValues.PCA.Gene.10x(...) |
mp.plot_values_pca_gene_10x(...) |
PlotValues.PCA.PSI.10x(...) |
mp.plot_values_pca_psi_10x(...) |
PlotValues.PSI.Pseudobulk.10x(...) |
mp.plot_values_psi_pseudobulk_10x(...) |
PlotValues.PSI.Pseudobulk.Heatmap.10x(...) |
mp.plot_values_psi_pseudobulk_heatmap_10x(...) |
IsoSwitch.10x(...) |
mp.iso_switch_10x(...) |
adhocGene.TabulateExpression.Gene.10x(...) |
mp.adhoc_gene_tabulate_expression_gene_10x(...) |
adhocGene.TabulateExpression.PSI.10x(...) |
mp.adhoc_gene_tabulate_expression_psi_10x(...) |
adhocGene.DE.Gene.10x(...) |
mp.adhoc_gene_de_gene_10x(...) |
adhocGene.DE.PSI.10x(...) |
mp.adhoc_gene_de_psi_10x(...) |
adhocGene.PlotDEValues.10x(...) |
mp.adhoc_gene_plot_de_values_10x(...) |
adhocGene.PlotSJPosition.10x(...) |
mp.adhoc_gene_plot_sj_position_10x(...) |
Not yet ported from R MARVEL
Some R exports are intentionally not part of the current Python public surface: BioPathways*, FindPTC*, PropPTC, CompareExpr, and AnnoVolcanoPlot. Use R MARVEL directly for those workflows until they are ported.
Workflow Coverage
| Area | Plate | 10x droplet |
|---|---|---|
| Object creation and alignment | yes | yes |
| Gene and splice-junction annotation | via input feature tables / GTF helpers | yes |
| PSI / splice-junction expression summaries | yes | yes |
| Differential gene and splicing analysis | yes | yes |
| Variable splicing event selection | yes | no |
| PCA / plotting helper tables | yes | yes |
| Isoform switching helpers | yes | yes |
| rMATS and cryptic splice-site utilities | yes | no |
The implementation targets the public MARVEL/man workflow surface rather than private R internals.
Benchmarks
The external benchmark replays R MARVEL and marvel_py on the full external tutorial datasets:
external_plate_data:iPSCvsEndoderm,qc.seq == pass, withSE/MXE/RI/A5SS/A3SSinputs availableexternal_droplet_data:iPSCvsCardio day 10, using 10 permutations for tractable full-data replay- Plate R replay rebuilds from flat files and recomputes PSI. Droplet R replay uses the bundled R MARVEL object and recomputes downstream summaries / DE; Python replay loads the flat Matrix Market / TSV inputs.
Latest validated run:
| Run | Artifacts | Numeric metrics | Nonzero row deltas | Max absolute difference | Minimum Pearson r |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
benchmark/runs/20260525T070728Z |
10 | 323 | 0 | 8.91e-4 |
0.9999961188133987 |
Runtime from the latest run:
| Section | R | Python | Speedup |
|---|---|---|---|
| Plate full replay | 1116.16 s |
345.39 s |
3.23x |
| Plate variable splicing only | 2.71 s |
0.86 s |
3.15x |
| Droplet replay | 1412.29 s |
477.30 s |
2.96x |
Artifact-level agreement:
| Section | Artifact | Rows R | Rows Python | Max abs diff | Min Pearson r |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plate | psi_se |
20509 | 20509 | 6.66e-16 |
0.9999999999999976 |
| Plate | psi_ri |
8295 | 8295 | 6.66e-16 |
0.9999999999999988 |
| Plate | de_gene |
21059 | 21059 | 5.15e-14 |
0.9999999999999998 |
| Plate | count_events_iPSC |
5 | 5 | 0 |
1.0 |
| Plate | count_events_endoderm |
5 | 5 | 0 |
0.9999999999999999 |
| Plate | variable_splicing |
13318 | 13318 | 8.91e-4 |
0.9999961188133987 |
| Droplet | pct_expr_gene |
20187 | 20187 | 0 |
1.0 |
| Droplet | pct_expr_sj |
1861 | 1861 | 0 |
0.9999999999999998 |
| Droplet | de_sj |
2937 | 2937 | 8.88e-15 |
0.9999999999999999 |
| Droplet | de_gene |
831 | 831 | 7.11e-15 |
0.9999999999999999 |
The retained summary figures are in benchmark/results/figures:
benchmark_summary_figure.pngartifact_row_delta.pngtop20_metric_max_abs_diff.pnglowest20_metric_pearson_r.pngplate_metric_heatmap.pngdroplet_metric_heatmap.pngruntime_r_vs_python.png- per-artifact scatter plots such as
plate__psi_se__scatter.png,plate__variable_splicing__scatter.png, anddroplet__de_sj__scatter.png
To rerun the external benchmark and archive the results:
# Optional: only needed when Rscript is not already on PATH.
export MARVEL_RSCRIPT=/path/to/Rscript
uv run --with matplotlib \
python benchmark/scripts/run_external_benchmark_archive.py
uv run --with matplotlib \
python benchmark/scripts/plot_benchmark_summary_figure.py \
--run-dir benchmark/runs/<run_id>
R benchmarks require an R environment with MARVEL and its dependencies installed. MARVEL_RSCRIPT
can point to any compatible R installation; it is not tied to a local micromamba path.
The archive contains copied results, code snapshots, command logs, metric_summary.tsv, artifact_summary.tsv, and report figures.
Examples
| Notebook | What it covers |
|---|---|
examples/plate_data.ipynb |
Plate-based MARVEL workflow using import marvel_py as mp |
examples/Droplet_data.ipynb |
10x droplet MARVEL workflow using import marvel_py as mp |
Scripted demos are also available:
| Script | Purpose |
|---|---|
scripts/run_plate_ref_python.py |
Run the core plate tutorial workflow from exported flat files |
scripts/run_ref1_python.py |
Run the core droplet ref1 workflow from Matrix Market / TSV inputs |
scripts/export_plate_demo_inputs.R |
Export R MARVEL plate demo data into Python-friendly inputs |
scripts/export_marvel_demo_inputs.R |
Export R MARVEL droplet demo data into Python-friendly inputs |
Relationship to R MARVEL
R MARVEL is the canonical package:
- Reference package:
MARVEL - Python package: this repo, importing as
marvel_py - Benchmark code:
benchmark/scripts
If you need exact R package behavior for unsupported private internals, use R MARVEL directly. If you need the implemented public workflows from Python, use marvel_py.
Relationship to omicverse
Developed following the omicverse-to-developer py- conventions (pure-Python, no rpy2 in production code, AnnData-native I/O, Numba only on hot kernels). Upstream integration plan:
Canonical implementation: omicverse.external.copykat_py (pending) Standalone mirror (this repo): same code, same API, without the full omicverse packaging
Citation
If you use this package, please cite the original MARVEL paper:
Wei Xiong Wen, Adam J Mead, Supat Thongjuea, MARVEL: an integrated alternative splicing analysis platform for single-cell RNA sequencing data, Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 51, Issue 5, 21 March 2023, Page e29, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkac1260
and acknowledge omicverse / this repo for the Python port and optimisations.
License
GNU GPLv3.
Metadata
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