matchcake 0.2.2

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MatchCake

Description

MatchCake is a Python package that provides a new PennyLane device for simulating a specific class of quantum circuits called Matchgate circuits or matchcircuits. These circuits are made with matchgates, a class of restricted quantum unitaries that are parity-preserving and operate on nearest-neighbor qubits. These constraints lead to matchgates being classically simulable in polynomial time.

Additionally, this package provides quantum kernels made with scikit-learn API allowing the use matchcircuits as kernels in quantum machine learning algorithms. One way to use these kernels could be in a Support Vector Machine (SVM).

Note that this package is built on PennyLane and PyTorch. This means that only the NumPy and PyTorch backends are compatible. Other backends provided by Autoray, such as JAX and TensorFlow, are not supported. We highly recommend using PyTorch as the backend when working with MatchCake.

Installation

Method	Commands
poetry	poetry add matchcake
uv	uv add matchcake
PyPi	pip install MatchCake
source	pip install git+https://github.com/MatchCake/MatchCake

Last unstable version

To install the latest unstable version, download the latest version from https://github.com/MatchCake/MatchCake@dev.

CUDA installation

To use MatchCake with cuda, you can add --extra cu128 to the installation commands above. This will install pytorch with CUDA 12.8.

Extra options:

• --extra cpu: Install MatchCake with PyTorch CPU only.
• --extra cu128: Install MatchCake with PyTorch CUDA 12.8.
• --extra cu130: Install MatchCake with PyTorch CUDA 13.0.

Quick Usage Preview

Quantum Circuit Simulation with MatchCake

import matchcake as mc
import pennylane as qml
import numpy as np
from pennylane.ops.qubit.observables import BasisStateProjector

# Create a Non-Interacting Fermionic Device
nif_device = mc.NonInteractingFermionicDevice(wires=4)
initial_state = np.zeros(len(nif_device.wires), dtype=int)

# Define a quantum circuit
def circuit(params, wires, initial_state=None):
    qml.BasisState(initial_state, wires=wires)
    for i, even_wire in enumerate(wires[:-1:2]):
        idx = list(wires).index(even_wire)
        curr_wires = [wires[idx], wires[idx + 1]]
        mc.operations.CompRxRx(params, wires=curr_wires)
        mc.operations.CompRyRy(params, wires=curr_wires)
        mc.operations.CompRzRz(params, wires=curr_wires)
    for i, odd_wire in enumerate(wires[1:-1:2]):
        idx = list(wires).index(odd_wire)
        mc.operations.fSWAP(wires=[wires[idx], wires[idx + 1]])
    projector: BasisStateProjector = qml.Projector(initial_state, wires=wires)
    return qml.expval(projector)

# Create a QNode
nif_qnode = qml.QNode(circuit, nif_device)
qml.draw_mpl(nif_qnode)(np.array([0.1, 0.2]), wires=nif_device.wires, initial_state=initial_state)

# Evaluate the QNode
expval = nif_qnode(np.random.random(2), wires=nif_device.wires, initial_state=initial_state)
print(f"Expectation value: {expval}")

Data Classification with MatchCake

from matchcake.ml.kernels import FermionicPQCKernel
from matchcake.ml.visualisation import ClassificationVisualizer
from sklearn import datasets
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.preprocessing import MinMaxScaler
from sklearn.pipeline import Pipeline
from sklearn.svm import SVC

# Load the iris dataset
X, y = datasets.load_iris(return_X_y=True)
x_train, x_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.2, random_state=0)

# Create and fit the model
pipeline = Pipeline([
    ('scaler', MinMaxScaler(feature_range=(0, 1))),
    ('kernel', FermionicPQCKernel(n_qubits=4, rotations="X,Z").freeze()),
    ('classifier', SVC(kernel='precomputed')),
])
pipeline.fit(x_train, y_train)

# Evaluate the model
test_accuracy = pipeline.score(x_test, y_test)
print(f"Test accuracy: {test_accuracy * 100:.2f}%")

# Visualize the classification
viz = ClassificationVisualizer(x=X, n_pts=1_000)
viz.plot_2d_decision_boundaries(model=pipeline, y=y, show=True)

Tutorials

• MatchCake Basics
• Compute Expectation Values with MatchCake
• Iris Classification with MatchCake
• Nystroem Kernel Approximation

Notes

• This package is still in development and some features may not be available yet.
• The documentation is still in development and may not be complete yet.

About

This work was supported by the Ministère de l'Économie, de l'Innovation et de l'Énergie du Québec through its Research Chair in Quantum Computing, an NSERC Discovery grant, and the Canada First Research Excellence Fund.

Important Links

• Documentation at https://MatchCake.github.io/MatchCake/.
• Github at https://github.com/MatchCake/MatchCake/.

Found a bug or have a feature request?

• Click here to create a new issue.

License

Apache License 2.0

Citation

Repository:

@misc{matchcake_Gince2023,
  title={MatchCake},
  author={Jérémie Gince},
  year={2023},
  publisher={Université de Sherbrooke},
  url={https://github.com/MatchCake/MatchCake},
}

Fermionic Machine Learning Paper

Fermionic Machine Learning is a work presented at the 2024 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering (QCE). The paper compares unconstrained quantum kernel methods with constraint-based kernels derived from matchgate (free-fermionic) circuits, and benchmarks their performance on supervised classification tasks. All free-fermionic kernels considered in this work were simulated using MatchCake.

IEEE Xplore paper:

@INPROCEEDINGS{10821385,
  author={Gince, Jérémie and Pagé, Jean-Michel and Armenta, Marco and Sarkar, Ayana and Kourtis, Stefanos},
  booktitle={2024 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering (QCE)}, 
  title={Fermionic Machine Learning}, 
  year={2024},
  volume={01},
  number={},
  pages={1672-1678},
  keywords={Runtime;Quantum entanglement;Computational modeling;Benchmark testing;Rendering (computer graphics);Hardware;Kernel;Integrated circuit modeling;Quantum circuit;Standards;Quantum machine learning;quantum kernel methods;matchgate circuits;fermionic quantum computation;data classification},
  doi={10.1109/QCE60285.2024.00195}
}

ArXiv paper:

@misc{gince2024fermionic,
      title={Fermionic Machine Learning}, 
      author={Jérémie Gince and Jean-Michel Pagé and Marco Armenta and Ayana Sarkar and Stefanos Kourtis},
      year={2024},
      eprint={2404.19032},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={quant-ph}
}