Volume Viewer for MedICS

GPU-accelerated 3D visualization of medical volumes inside MedICS. Overlay several datasets, switch among volume / surface / mesh / slice rendering, crop with interactive clip widgets, and export snapshots or camera-path movies.

Category: Visualization

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Requirements

• MedICS (host application)
• Python 3.11, 3.12, or 3.13
• A GPU is recommended. CPU rendering works but is slower on large volumes.

Install the extension from PyPI into the same environment as MedICS:

pip install medics-ext-volume-viewer

Then start MedICS and open Volume Viewer from the extensions menu (Visualization).

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Window layout

┌───────────────────────────────────────────┬─────────────────────┐
│ File | Display | Settings                 │ Volume Items        │
│ Load / snapshot / movie                   │ search, sort, show  │
├───────────────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────┤
│                                           │                     │
│              3D View                      │  Volume list        │
│         (VTK GPU renderer)                │  (one card per      │
│                                           │   loaded volume)    │
│                                           │                     │
└───────────────────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────┘
 Status bar

• Toolbar (left) — File, Display, and Settings tabs.
• Volume Items (right of the toolbar) — search, expand/collapse, sort, and show/hide all volumes.
• 3D View — interactive GPU rendering of every loaded volume.
• Volume list — independent appearance, clipping, and transform controls for each volume.

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Load data

From a file

File → Load Volume… opens a file dialog. Supported formats:

Format	Extensions
NIfTI	.nii, .nii.gz
NRRD	.nrrd
MetaImage	.mhd, .mha
DICOM	.dcm
TIFF stack	.tif, .tiff
MATLAB	.mat
MedICS HDF5	.med
OCT / angiography	.foct, .ioct, .octa, .ssada

A progress bar appears in the status bar while the file is read. The new volume is added to the list; existing volumes stay loaded.

From an image sequence

File → Load Image Sequence… builds one volume from many 2D files.

• Select PNG, JPEG, TIFF, BMP, GIF, WebP, PPM, or DICOM frames.
• Files are stacked in natural filename order (slice_2 before slice_10).
• Multi-page TIFF / GIF files contribute every frame.
• A DICOM series is read with spacing and origin preserved when possible.

Drag and drop

Drop onto the Volume Viewer window:

• Files or folders from the desktop or file manager. The first loadable file in a folder is used.
• Workspace variables from the MedICS variable tree (ws.<name>). 3-D NumPy arrays become volumes.

From the workspace

You can also save a volume back to the workspace with the 📥 button on that volume’s card (see Volume list).

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Navigate the 3D view

Action	Control
Rotate	Left-drag
Pan	Right-drag
Zoom	Mouse wheel
Context menu	Right-click without dragging

Right-click menu

• Default View — reset the camera so all volumes fit in the window.
• Trackball — show or hide the camera-orientation widget in the corner of the 3D view.
• Bounding Box — show or hide the scene bounding box.
• Save Snapshot — same as File → Save Snapshot….

A camera-orientation widget is on by default so you can tell which way the volume is facing.

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Volume list

Each loaded volume has a card on the right.

Header (always visible)

Control	What it does
⋮⋮	Drag to reorder. Order is the rendering order (later items draw on top).
▼ / ▶	Expand or collapse appearance controls.
Name	File or variable name.
◉	Show / hide this volume in the 3D view.
📥	Save the current voxel data as a MedICS workspace variable.
❌	Remove the volume from the viewer.

List toolbar (above the list)

• Search — filter cards by name.
• Expand all / Collapse all — fold every card at once.
• Sort — load order, name A→Z, name Z→A, or visible first.
• Show all / Hide all — toggle visibility of every volume.

The summary line reports how many volumes are loaded and how many are visible.

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Appearance (per volume)

Expand a card to edit rendering for that volume only.

Threshold and opacity

• Threshold — intensities below this value are treated as transparent. The slider and spin box share a 0–255 scalar range (data is mapped to 8-bit for rendering).
• Opacity — overall translucency (0.01–1.0). Useful when overlaying several volumes.

Display range

Maps original intensities onto the colormap.

• Set min and max in physical units (for example Hounsfield units).
• ⚡ Auto — pick a range from data percentiles so dim anatomy is visible without saturating bright voxels.
• ↺ Reset — restore the full data range.

8-bit masks and label volumes keep their original integer values; they are not stretched to 0–255.

Colormap

• Click the colorbar to open the colormap menu (grayscale, CET, and other pyqtgraph maps).
• Use the color swatch for a single solid color (typical for surfaces and meshes).
• 🎨 Label colormap — discrete colors for segmentation:
  • presets for 2, 4, 8, or 16 labels
  • Custom… to set the number of labels and pick each color
  • label 0 is background (black / transparent)

Lighting

Light presets:

Preset	Typical use
flat	No shading; fastest preview
phong	Generic shaded surfaces
ct_bone, ct_soft_tissue, ct_lung, ct_abdomen	CT
mr_t1, mr_t2	MRI
angiography, vessel	Vessels
ultrasound, pet	US / PET
scattering, retina, bone	Specialized looks

Click ☰ for Ambient, Diffuse, Specular, Specular Power, back-face culling, and edge/shadow options. Fine-tune after picking a preset.

Render mode

Mode	Result
Volume	GPU ray casting through the voxels (default).
Binary	Hard threshold as a solid mask.
Slice	A single cutting plane through the volume.
Surface	Semi-transparent isosurface (ChimeraX-style compositing).
Mesh	Extracted mesh with lighting.
Surface (Opaque) / Mesh (Opaque)	Same geometry, fully opaque.

Step (1–64) downsamples before isosurface / mesh / binary extraction. Higher steps are faster and coarser. Default is 2.

Blend mode

Applies mainly to Volume mode:

Mode	Result
composite	Standard alpha compositing (default).
mip	Maximum intensity projection.
minip	Minimum intensity projection.
average	Mean intensity along the ray.
additive	Intensities add (bright overlays).
opaque	Treat samples as opaque.
alpha	Alpha blending.

When several volumes share a multi-volume pipeline, some blend modes may fall back to composite.

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Clipping

Each volume has independent clip widgets. Enable one or more, then drag in the 3D view.

Widget	What it does
Plane	One cutting plane. Drag the plane to move it; rotate the handles to change orientation.
Box	Axis-aligned crop. Drag each face along its own axis.
Cube	Freely rotatable crop box. Drag handles to rotate, translate, or scale.

↺ next to each option resets that widget to the full volume. ◉ hides the widget geometry while keeping the clip in effect (useful for snapshots and movies).

Clip state is stored per camera-path anchor, so movies can animate crops.

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Axis transforms

Flip or swap voxel axes without reloading:

• Flip X / Y / Z — reverse that dimension.
• Swap XY / XZ / YZ — exchange two axes (reorient to RAS / LPS, etc.).

Transforms apply to the data currently in the viewer. Save to the workspace (📥) if you want the reoriented array elsewhere in MedICS.

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Overlay several volumes

Typical workflow:

1. Load anatomy (CT / OCT) as Volume.
2. Load a segmentation and switch it to Surface or Mesh, or apply a label colormap.
3. Lower Opacity on the anatomy so the overlay shows through.
4. Drag cards so the overlay is below anatomy in the list if you need it composited first (order affects multi-volume compositing).

Visibility, colormap, clip, and lighting stay independent per volume.

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Snapshots and movies

Snapshot

File → Save Snapshot… (or the 3D context menu) captures the current 3D view.

• Formats: PNG, JPEG, TIFF.
• Default name is snapshot.png (then snapshot(1).png, …).

Preset movies

File → Export Movie… records an MP4 (30 fps, H.264) of a canned camera move around the current view. Click the button for a 360° spin, or open the menu:

Preset	Motion
Spin (360° horizontal)	Full orbit about the vertical axis
Rock Left–Right	Swing left and right, return to center
Tilt Up–Down	Nod up and down, return to center
Up–Down–Left–Right Tour	Pan right, left, up, down, then return
Vertical Spin (360°)	Orbit about the horizontal axis

You pick an output folder. The file is named movie_<preset>_<timestamp>.mp4. The camera is restored when recording finishes.

Advanced camera-path movie

File → Create Advanced Movie… opens the camera-path editor.

1. Set the 3D view (and any volume clips / opacities) the way you want.
2. Click Add Anchor to store camera and per-volume state (opacity, threshold, clip plane / box).
3. Move the camera (or change appearance) and add more anchors.
4. Optionally Insert Preset Movie to drop a spin / rock / tour as a group of anchors.
5. For each anchor, set:
   • Dwell — hold time before moving on (seconds).
   • Duration — time to the next anchor.
   • Easing — Linear, EaseIn, EaseOut, EaseInOut.
6. Use Quick Camera Controls to rotate about world X/Y/Z, change distance, or jump to Top / Bottom / Front / Back / Left / Right.
7. Re-capture Camera / Re-capture All Volumes overwrite an anchor from the live view.
8. Preview plays the path in the 3D view; Stop Preview cancels.
9. Generate Video writes an MP4 of the interpolated path.
10. Save Path / Load Path store the path as JSON so you can reuse it.

Per-parameter interpolation can be turned off in the Volumes tab (for example keep opacity fixed while the camera moves). Enable Loop to connect the last anchor back to the first.

Delete or reorder anchors in the list (Delete / Backspace, Up / Down, drag).

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Display and Settings tabs

Display

• Background — Black, White, or Gray.

Settings

• Quality — Low, Medium, High, Ultra. Higher quality uses more GPU time. Default is Medium.
• Enable GPU Acceleration — on by default. Turn off only for troubleshooting.
• Cache Size — 100–2000 MB for volume caching. Default 512 MB.

Some quality / GPU / cache changes apply the next time volumes are loaded.

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Suggested workflows

CT bone vs soft tissue
Load the CT, set Light to ct_bone or ct_soft_tissue, raise Threshold until noise disappears, then Auto-adjust the display range.

Segmentation overlay
Load the image, then the label volume. On the label card: 🎨 colormap (or Surface mode), lower anatomy Opacity, enable a Plane clip to inspect interiors.

OCT / angiography
Load .foct / .octa / .ssada, try Light retina or angiography, Blend mip for vessels.

Talk or paper figure
Black or white background, hide clip widgets (◉), Default View, Save Snapshot at the window size you want.

Turntable video
Frame the volume, then Export Movie → Spin. For a custom fly-through, use Create Advanced Movie.

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Tips

• Scroll-wheel on sliders and combos is ignored so you do not change values while scrolling the volume list.
• Threshold updates are throttled while you drag; the final value applies on release.
• If a volume looks washed out, Auto-adjust display range, then set Threshold just above background.
• If surfaces look blocky, lower Step (try 1). If extraction is slow, raise Step.
• If rendering is slow, hide unused volumes, drop Quality, or raise Step on meshes.
• Reordering cards changes compositing order for overlapping volumes.
• Dropping a folder loads the first supported file inside it, not every file.

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Troubleshooting

Problem	What to try
Extension does not appear	Confirm pip show medics-ext-volume-viewer in the MedICS environment and restart MedICS.
File will not load	Check the format table above. For .mat / .med, the file must contain a 3-D array (keys such as oct, octa, volume, data, or image are tried).
Volume is invisible	Lower Threshold, raise Opacity, click ◉, and Reset display range.
Labels look continuous	Apply a label colormap, not a smooth colorbar.
Movie export fails	imageio with ffmpeg is required. Install ffmpeg or use snapshots instead.
GPU errors / black view	Uncheck GPU Acceleration in Settings, or lower Quality.
Clip widget in the way of a figure	Toggle ◉ to hide widgets; the crop stays.

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Support

• Homepage: https://Medical-Image-Computing-Suite.github.io
• Documentation: https://github.com/Medical-Image-Computing-Suite/Community/wiki
• Issues: https://github.com/Medical-Image-Computing-Suite/Community/issues
• Contact: medics.support@gmail.com