mlx-sam

MLX-native SAM models for Apple Silicon. The first supported model family is Meta SAM 2.1 for interactive image segmentation and video object tracking.

The goal of this repo is practical local video segmentation: load an MLX SAM2 checkpoint, click objects in a video, add positive/negative corrections, track forward or backward from the edited frame, and render masks back to reviewable overlay videos. The default runtime is Python 3.14 + MLX and does not install PyTorch.

https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/0946cad0-8af8-4efc-b504-f7416083d64c

https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/868b1156-6bc2-4ffd-ad1a-0971761a45d7

What You Can Do

• Segment an image from points or boxes.
• Track one or more objects through a video with SAM2 memory.
• Add positive and negative correction clicks across frames.
• Start from the middle of a clip and propagate forward, backward, or both.
• Use box prompts in the video flow.
• Render .npy or .npz masks as overlay videos for visual inspection.
• Convert SAM2.1 Hugging Face checkpoints into MLX .safetensors.
• Load converted checkpoints from local disk or Hugging Face.

The public video predictor mirrors the official SAM2 method names where the implemented behavior matches closely:

• SAM2VideoPredictor.from_pretrained(...)
• init_state(...)
• add_new_points_or_box(...)
• add_new_points(...)
• add_new_mask(...)
• propagate_in_video(...)
• clear_all_prompts_in_frame(...)
• reset_state(...)

Quick API

You can pip install this library

pip install mlx-sam

Load a Hugging Face checkpoint, add a prompt, and stream masks as they are generated:

import numpy as np

from mlx_sam import SAM2VideoPredictor

predictor = SAM2VideoPredictor.from_pretrained(
    "avbiswas/sam2.1-hiera-small-mlx"
)
state = predictor.init_state("third_party/sam2/demo/data/gallery/01_dog.mp4")

frame_idx, obj_ids, masks = predictor.add_new_points_or_box(
    state,
    frame_idx=0,
    obj_id=1,
    points=np.array([[625.0, 429.0]], dtype=np.float32),
    labels=np.array([1], dtype=np.int32),
)

for frame_idx, obj_ids, masks in predictor.propagate_in_video(state):
    # masks is a NumPy float32 array shaped O,1,H,W in original video resolution.
    pass

For UI or worker streaming, use stream_in_video(...). It returns dictionary events, throttles intermediate frame events with yield_every, and can emit a final stacked mask tensor:

for event in predictor.stream_in_video(state, yield_every=30, return_full=True):
    if event["type"] == "frame":
        frame_idx = event["frame_idx"]
        masks = event["masks"]  # O,1,H,W for this frame
    elif event["type"] == "final":
        frame_indices = event["frame_indices"]  # T
        masks = event["masks"]  # T,O,1,H,W for every processed frame

Local checkpoint loading works the same way:

from mlx_sam import SAM2VideoPredictor

predictor = SAM2VideoPredictor(
    checkpoint="checkpoints/sam2.1_hiera_small_image_segmenter.safetensors"
)

Spatial downsampling is opt-in through image_size. The default is 1024, matching SAM2. Lower values trade mask quality for latency and memory:

predictor = SAM2VideoPredictor.from_pretrained(
    "avbiswas/sam2.1-hiera-small-mlx",
    image_size=768,
    memory_dtype="float16",
    memory_attention_dtype="float16",
)

For editor-style use, precompute image features once during init_state. This is a parity-preserving speed path for repeated propagation and correction passes, at the cost of higher upfront work and cached memory:

state = predictor.init_state(
    "clip.mp4",
    precompute_image_features=True,
    feature_batch_size=4,
)

Track from the middle of a clip in either direction by choosing start_frame_idx and reverse. Run both directions to build bidirectional results around an edit frame:

edit_frame = 120

predictor.add_new_points_or_box(
    state,
    frame_idx=edit_frame,
    obj_id=1,
    points=np.array([[640.0, 360.0]], dtype=np.float32),
    labels=np.array([1], dtype=np.int32),
)

for frame_idx, obj_ids, masks in predictor.propagate_in_video(
    state, start_frame_idx=edit_frame, reverse=True
):
    pass

for frame_idx, obj_ids, masks in predictor.propagate_in_video(
    state, start_frame_idx=edit_frame, reverse=False
):
    pass

Use positive and negative clicks together by setting labels to 1 and 0. Pass clear_old_points=False to accumulate correction clicks on a frame:

predictor.add_new_points_or_box(
    state,
    frame_idx=120,
    obj_id=1,
    points=np.array([[640.0, 360.0], [710.0, 370.0]], dtype=np.float32),
    labels=np.array([1, 0], dtype=np.int32),
    clear_old_points=False,
)

Temporal downsampling is available today as an explicit preview experiment in scripts/benchmark_video_frame_skip_mlx.py: it runs SAM2 on every k-th frame, snaps arbitrary prompt frames to the nearest sampled frame, propagates forward and backward over the sampled frames, and interpolates skipped masks. Normal propagate_in_video(...) still evaluates every frame.

Manual App

Install the optional app dependencies and launch the local browser UI:

uv sync --extra app
uv run mlx-sam-app

Then open:

http://127.0.0.1:7861

The frontend is a small demo client for the local API server. It lets you upload a video, add positive and negative points, and run forward, backward, or bidirectional propagation. It defaults to avbiswas/sam2.1-hiera-base-plus-mlx-8bit. The API server is documented in docs/API_SERVER.md.

See scripts/README.md for benchmark commands, temporal downsampling experiments, quantization, conversion, parity checks, and upload helpers.

Install

uv sync --python 3.14

Torch is only used for conversion and comparison fixtures:

uv sync --python 3.14 --extra torch-parity

Reference repositories may exist locally for development, but they are not runtime dependencies:

third_party/sam2
references/mlx-vlm

Convert Weights

Convert from Hugging Face:

uv run --extra torch-parity mlx-sam-convert \
  --hf-id facebook/sam2.1-hiera-small \
  --output-dir checkpoints

Supported source ids:

facebook/sam2.1-hiera-tiny
facebook/sam2.1-hiera-small
facebook/sam2.1-hiera-base-plus
facebook/sam2.1-hiera-large

Convert a local Torch checkpoint:

uv run --extra torch-parity mlx-sam-convert \
  --checkpoint checkpoints/sam2.1_hiera_small.pt \
  --model-id facebook/sam2.1-hiera-small \
  --output checkpoints/sam2.1_hiera_small_image_segmenter.safetensors

The converted checkpoint includes the Hiera image encoder, FPN neck, prompt encoder, mask decoder, object pointer projection, memory encoder, and memory attention. Generated checkpoints are ignored by git.

The old script path remains as a compatibility wrapper:

uv run --extra torch-parity python scripts/convert_image_encoder_weights.py \
  --checkpoint checkpoints/sam2.1_hiera_small.pt \
  --model-id facebook/sam2.1-hiera-small

Feature Regression

Run MLX feature scenarios and compare against Torch fixtures:

uv run python scripts/run_feature_regression.py --frames 130

Regenerate official Torch fixtures first:

uv run python scripts/run_feature_regression.py --refresh-torch --frames 130

Compare existing outputs without rerunning MLX:

uv run python scripts/run_feature_regression.py --skip-mlx --frames 130

Covered scenarios:

• multi_object
• box_prompt
• negative_clicks
• cross_frame_corrections
• bidirectional_middle

Current low-level parity results:

• Image vision_features max abs error: about 1.63e-05
• Prompted low-res masks max abs error: about 4.67e-05
• Prompted IoU max abs error: about 4.77e-07

Model Catalog

Benchmarks below were run on an Apple M2 Max with 32 GB unified memory. The source media is third_party/sam2/demo/data/gallery/01_dog.mp4, a 1280x720, 289-frame clip at 29.97 FPS (9.64 s). The fp32 speed and parity rows use the prompted first-frame fixture at 1024x1024 internal resolution; speedup is MLX full-image-plus-prompt latency versus the original Torch/MPS model of the same SAM2.1 family.

FP32 model	Size	Torch/MPS	MLX	Speedup	Parity vs Torch main
avbiswas/sam2.1-hiera-tiny-mlx	172.6 MiB	96.6 ms	71.3 ms	1.36x	mask mean abs 1.17e-05, IoU max abs 1.43e-06
avbiswas/sam2.1-hiera-small-mlx	199.7 MiB	112.5 ms	84.5 ms	1.33x	mask mean abs 8.14e-06, IoU max abs 4.77e-07
avbiswas/sam2.1-hiera-base-plus-mlx	336.4 MiB	203.5 ms	144.7 ms	1.41x	mask mean abs 5.04e-06, IoU max abs 3.49e-06
avbiswas/sam2.1-hiera-large-mlx	892.2 MiB	433.0 ms	341.1 ms	1.27x	mask mean abs 7.84e-06, IoU max abs 2.50e-06

Quantized checkpoints reduce memory footprint and distribution size. On current MLX kernels they should not be assumed to speed up video tracking; in our tests quantization primarily helps memory, not latency.

Quantized model	Size	Variant	Parity vs fp32 MLX
avbiswas/sam2.1-hiera-tiny-mlx-16bit	86.3 MiB	fp16	mask mean abs 5.43e-03, IoU max abs 9.36e-04
avbiswas/sam2.1-hiera-tiny-mlx-8bit	69.0 MiB	int8	mask mean abs 6.19e-02, IoU max abs 2.80e-03
avbiswas/sam2.1-hiera-tiny-mlx-4bit	49.2 MiB	mixed-q4	mask mean abs 6.29e-02, IoU max abs 2.58e-03
avbiswas/sam2.1-hiera-small-mlx-16bit	99.9 MiB	fp16	mask mean abs 8.24e-03, IoU max abs 1.10e-03
avbiswas/sam2.1-hiera-small-mlx-8bit	76.7 MiB	int8	mask mean abs 2.99e-02, IoU max abs 1.90e-03
avbiswas/sam2.1-hiera-small-mlx-4bit	56.4 MiB	mixed-q4	mask mean abs 2.87e-02, IoU max abs 8.80e-04
avbiswas/sam2.1-hiera-base-plus-mlx-16bit	168.2 MiB	fp16	mask mean abs 1.58e-03, IoU max abs 8.83e-04
avbiswas/sam2.1-hiera-base-plus-mlx-8bit	124.6 MiB	int8	mask mean abs 2.24e-02, IoU max abs 8.98e-03
avbiswas/sam2.1-hiera-base-plus-mlx-4bit	95.8 MiB	mixed-q4	mask mean abs 2.70e-02, IoU max abs 6.11e-03
avbiswas/sam2.1-hiera-large-mlx-16bit	446.2 MiB	fp16	mask mean abs 2.11e-03, IoU max abs 8.34e-05
avbiswas/sam2.1-hiera-large-mlx-8bit	300.2 MiB	int8	mask mean abs 1.57e-02, IoU max abs 2.71e-03
avbiswas/sam2.1-hiera-large-mlx-4bit	249.7 MiB	mixed-q4	mask mean abs 1.56e-02, IoU max abs 2.61e-03

All models can be found here: https://huggingface.co/collections/avbiswas/sam2-mlx