mure 4.2.1

Perform multiple HTTP requests concurrently – without worrying about async/await.

mure

This is a thin layer on top of httpx to perform multiple HTTP requests concurrently – without worrying about async/await.

mure means multiple requests, but is also the German term for a form of mass wasting involving fast-moving flow of debris and dirt that has become liquified by the addition of water.

(The photo was taken by Leo Wehrli and is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0)

Installation

Install the latest stable version from PyPI:

pip install mure

Usage

Pass a list of dictionaries with at least a value for url and get a generator with the corresponding responses. The first request is fired as soon as you access the first response:

>>> import mure
>>> from mure.models import Resource
>>> resources: list[Resource] = [
...     {"url": "https://httpbin.org/get"},
...     {"url": "https://httpbin.org/get", "params": {"foo": "bar"}},
...     {"url": "invalid"},
... ]
>>> responses = mure.get(resources, batch_size=2)  # nothing fired yet
>>> for resource, response in zip(resources, responses):
...     print(resource, "status code:", response.status)
...
{'url': 'https://httpbin.org/get'} status code: 200
{'url': 'https://httpbin.org/get', 'params': {'foo': 'bar'}} status code: 200
{'url': 'invalid'} status code: 0

The number of requests fired at the same time will never exceed batch_size – this is protected by a semaphore.

HTTP Methods

There are convenience functions for GET, POST, HEAD, PUT, PATCH and DELETE requests, for example:

>>> resources = [
...     {"url": "https://httpbin.org/post"},
...     {"url": "https://httpbin.org/post", "json": {"foo": "bar"}},
...     {"url": "invalid"},
... ]
>>> responses = mure.post(resources)

Verbosity

Control verbosity with the MURE_LOG_ERRORS environment variable:

>>> import os
>>> import mure
>>> next(mure.get([{"url": "invalid"}]))
<Response(0, UnsupportedProtocol("Request URL is missing an 'http://' or 'https://' protocol."))>
>>> os.environ["MURE_LOG_ERRORS"] = "true"
>>> next(mure.get([{"url": "invalid"}]))
[2024-05-17 10:23:21,963] [ERROR] Request URL is missing an 'http://' or 'https://' protocol.
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/severin/git/mure/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_transports/default.py", line 69, in map_httpcore_exceptions
    yield
  File "/home/severin/git/mure/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_transports/default.py", line 373, in handle_async_request
    resp = await self._pool.handle_async_request(req)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/severin/git/mure/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/connection_pool.py", line 167, in handle_async_request
    raise UnsupportedProtocol(
httpcore.UnsupportedProtocol: Request URL is missing an 'http://' or 'https://' protocol.

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/severin/git/mure/mure/iterator.py", line 266, in _afetch
    response = await session.request(
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/severin/git/mure/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_client.py", line 1574, in request
    return await self.send(request, auth=auth, follow_redirects=follow_redirects)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/severin/git/mure/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_client.py", line 1661, in send
    response = await self._send_handling_auth(
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/severin/git/mure/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_client.py", line 1689, in _send_handling_auth
    response = await self._send_handling_redirects(
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/severin/git/mure/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_client.py", line 1726, in _send_handling_redirects
    response = await self._send_single_request(request)
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/severin/git/mure/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_client.py", line 1763, in _send_single_request
    response = await transport.handle_async_request(request)
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/severin/git/mure/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_transports/default.py", line 372, in handle_async_request
    with map_httpcore_exceptions():
  File "/home/severin/.pyenv/versions/3.12.2/lib/python3.12/contextlib.py", line 158, in __exit__
    self.gen.throw(value)
  File "/home/severin/git/mure/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_transports/default.py", line 86, in map_httpcore_exceptions
    raise mapped_exc(message) from exc
httpx.UnsupportedProtocol: Request URL is missing an 'http://' or 'https://' protocol.
<Response(0, UnsupportedProtocol("Request URL is missing an 'http://' or 'https://' protocol."))>

Caching

You can enable caching to avoid requesting the same resources over and over again:

>>> import mure
>>> resources = [
...     {"url": "https://httpbin.org/post"},
...     {"url": "https://httpbin.org/post", "json": {"foo": "bar"}},
...     {"url": "https://httpbin.org/post"},
... ]
>>> responses = mure.post(resources, enable_cache=True)

This will make only two requests and use the hit from the cache for the last resource. The responses are stored in a local SQLite database .mure-cache.sqlite in the current working directory.

Note that you have to install the SQLite extras.