nautilus_trader 1.222.0

A high-performance algorithmic trading platform and event-driven backtester

Branch	Version	Status
master
nightly
develop

Platform	Rust	Python
Linux (x86_64)	1.92.0	3.12-3.14
Linux (ARM64)	1.92.0	3.12-3.14
macOS (ARM64)	1.92.0	3.12-3.14
Windows (x86_64)	1.92.0	3.12-3.14

• Docs: https://nautilustrader.io/docs/
• Website: https://nautilustrader.io
• Support: [e-mail]

Introduction

NautilusTrader is an open-source, high-performance, production-grade algorithmic trading platform, providing quantitative traders with the ability to backtest portfolios of automated trading strategies on historical data with an event-driven engine, and also deploy those same strategies live, with no code changes.

The platform is AI-first, designed to develop and deploy algorithmic trading strategies within a highly performant and robust Python-native environment. This helps to address the parity challenge of keeping the Python research/backtest environment consistent with the production live trading environment.

NautilusTrader's design, architecture, and implementation philosophy prioritizes software correctness and safety at the highest level, with the aim of supporting Python-native, mission-critical, trading system backtesting and live deployment workloads.

The platform is also universal, and asset-class-agnostic — with any REST API or WebSocket feed able to be integrated via modular adapters. It supports high-frequency trading across a wide range of asset classes and instrument types including FX, Equities, Futures, Options, Crypto, DeFi, and Betting — enabling seamless operations across multiple venues simultaneously.

Features

• Fast: Core is written in Rust with asynchronous networking using tokio.
• Reliable: Rust-powered type- and thread-safety, with optional Redis-backed state persistence.
• Portable: OS independent, runs on Linux, macOS, and Windows. Deploy using Docker.
• Flexible: Modular adapters mean any REST API or WebSocket feed can be integrated.
• Advanced: Time in force IOC, FOK, GTC, GTD, DAY, AT_THE_OPEN, AT_THE_CLOSE, advanced order types and conditional triggers. Execution instructions post-only, reduce-only, and icebergs. Contingency orders including OCO, OUO, OTO.
• Customizable: Add user-defined custom components, or assemble entire systems from scratch leveraging the cache and message bus.
• Backtesting: Run with multiple venues, instruments and strategies simultaneously using historical quote tick, trade tick, bar, order book and custom data with nanosecond resolution.
• Live: Use identical strategy implementations between backtesting and live deployments.
• Multi-venue: Multiple venue capabilities facilitate market-making and statistical arbitrage strategies.
• AI Training: Backtest engine fast enough to be used to train AI trading agents (RL/ES).

nautilus - from ancient Greek 'sailor' and naus 'ship'.

The nautilus shell consists of modular chambers with a growth factor which approximates a logarithmic spiral. The idea is that this can be translated to the aesthetics of design and architecture.

Why NautilusTrader?

• Highly performant event-driven Python: Native binary core components.
• Parity between backtesting and live trading: Identical strategy code.
• Reduced operational risk: Enhanced risk management functionality, logical accuracy, and type safety.
• Highly extendable: Message bus, custom components and actors, custom data, custom adapters.

Traditionally, trading strategy research and backtesting might be conducted in Python using vectorized methods, with the strategy then needing to be reimplemented in a more event-driven way using C++, C#, Java or other statically typed language(s). The reasoning here is that vectorized backtesting code cannot express the granular time and event dependent complexity of real-time trading, where compiled languages have proven to be more suitable due to their inherently higher performance, and type safety.

One of the key advantages of NautilusTrader here, is that this reimplementation step is now circumvented - as the critical core components of the platform have all been written entirely in Rust or Cython. This means we're using the right tools for the job, where systems programming languages compile performant binaries, with CPython C extension modules then able to offer a Python-native environment, suitable for professional quantitative traders and trading firms.

Why Python?

Python was originally created decades ago as a simple scripting language with a clean straightforward syntax. It has since evolved into a fully fledged general purpose object-oriented programming language. Based on the TIOBE index, Python is currently the most popular programming language in the world. Not only that, Python has become the de facto lingua franca of data science, machine learning, and artificial intelligence.

Why Rust?

Rust is a multi-paradigm programming language designed for performance and safety, especially safe concurrency. Rust is "blazingly fast" and memory-efficient (comparable to C and C++) with no garbage collector. It can power mission-critical systems, run on embedded devices, and easily integrates with other languages.

Rust's rich type system and ownership model guarantee memory-safety and thread-safety in safe code, eliminating many classes of bugs at compile-time. Overall safety in this project also depends on correctly upheld invariants in unsafe blocks and FFI boundaries.

The project increasingly utilizes Rust for core performance-critical components. Python bindings are implemented via Cython and PyO3—no Rust toolchain is required at install time.

This project makes the Soundness Pledge:

“The intent of this project is to be free of soundness bugs. The developers will do their best to avoid them, and welcome help in analyzing and fixing them.”

[!NOTE]

MSRV: NautilusTrader relies heavily on improvements in the Rust language and compiler. As a result, the Minimum Supported Rust Version (MSRV) is generally equal to the latest stable release of Rust.

Integrations

NautilusTrader is modularly designed to work with adapters, enabling connectivity to trading venues and data providers by translating their raw APIs into a unified interface and normalized domain model.

The following integrations are currently supported; see docs/integrations/ for details:

Name	ID	Type	Status	Docs
Betfair	BETFAIR	Sports Betting Exchange		Guide
Binance	BINANCE	Crypto Exchange (CEX)		Guide
BitMEX	BITMEX	Crypto Exchange (CEX)		Guide
Bybit	BYBIT	Crypto Exchange (CEX)		Guide
Coinbase International	COINBASE_INTX	Crypto Exchange (CEX)		Guide
Databento	DATABENTO	Data Provider		Guide
Deribit	DERIBIT	Crypto Exchange (CEX)		Guide
dYdX v3	DYDX	Crypto Exchange (DEX)		Guide
dYdX v4	DYDX	Crypto Exchange (DEX)		Guide
Hyperliquid	HYPERLIQUID	Crypto Exchange (DEX)		Guide
Interactive Brokers	INTERACTIVE_BROKERS	Brokerage (multi-venue)		Guide
Kraken	KRAKEN	Crypto Exchange (CEX)		Guide
OKX	OKX	Crypto Exchange (CEX)		Guide
Polymarket	POLYMARKET	Prediction Market (DEX)		Guide
Tardis	TARDIS	Crypto Data Provider		Guide

• ID: The default client ID for the integrations adapter clients.
• Type: The type of integration (often the venue type).

Status

• building: Under construction and likely not in a usable state.
• beta: Completed to a minimally working state and in a beta testing phase.
• stable: Stabilized feature set and API, the integration has been tested by both developers and users to a reasonable level (some bugs may still remain).

See the Integrations documentation for further details.

Versioning and releases

[!WARNING]

NautilusTrader is still under active development. Some features may be incomplete, and while the API is becoming more stable, breaking changes can occur between releases. We strive to document these changes in the release notes on a best-effort basis.

We aim to follow a bi-weekly release schedule, though experimental or larger features may cause delays.

Branches

We aim to maintain a stable, passing build across all branches.

• master: Reflects the source code for the latest released version; recommended for production use.
• nightly: Daily snapshots of the develop branch for early testing; merged at 14:00 UTC and as required.
• develop: Active development branch for contributors and feature work.

[!NOTE]

Our roadmap aims to achieve a stable API for version 2.x (likely after the Rust port). Once this milestone is reached, we plan to implement a formal deprecation process for any API changes. This approach allows us to maintain a rapid development pace for now.

Precision mode

NautilusTrader supports two precision modes for its core value types (Price, Quantity, Money), which differ in their internal bit-width and maximum decimal precision.

• High-precision: 128-bit integers with up to 16 decimals of precision, and a larger value range.
• Standard-precision: 64-bit integers with up to 9 decimals of precision, and a smaller value range.

[!NOTE]

By default, the official Python wheels ship in high-precision (128-bit) mode on Linux and macOS. On Windows, only standard-precision (64-bit) is available due to the lack of native 128-bit integer support. For the Rust crates, the default is standard-precision unless you explicitly enable the high-precision feature flag.

See the Installation Guide for further details.

Rust feature flag: To enable high-precision mode in Rust, add the high-precision feature to your Cargo.toml:

[dependencies]
nautilus_model = { version = "*", features = ["high-precision"] }

Installation

We recommend using the latest supported version of Python and installing nautilus_trader inside a virtual environment to isolate dependencies.

There are two supported ways to install:

1. Pre-built binary wheel from PyPI or the Nautech Systems package index.
2. Build from source.

[!TIP]

We highly recommend installing using the uv package manager with a "vanilla" CPython.

Conda and other Python distributions may work but aren’t officially supported.

From PyPI

To install the latest binary wheel (or sdist package) from PyPI using Python's pip package manager:

pip install -U nautilus_trader

Install optional dependencies as 'extras' for specific integrations (e.g., betfair, docker, dydx, ib, polymarket, visualization):

pip install -U "nautilus_trader[docker,ib]"

See the Installation Guide for the full list of available extras.

From the Nautech Systems package index

The Nautech Systems package index (packages.nautechsystems.io) complies with PEP-503 and hosts both stable and development binary wheels for nautilus_trader. This enables users to install either the latest stable release or pre-release versions for testing.

Stable wheels

Stable wheels correspond to official releases of nautilus_trader on PyPI, and use standard versioning.

To install the latest stable release:

pip install -U nautilus_trader --index-url=https://packages.nautechsystems.io/simple

[!TIP]

Use --extra-index-url instead of --index-url if you want pip to fall back to PyPI automatically:

Development wheels

Development wheels are published from both the nightly and develop branches, allowing users to test features and fixes ahead of stable releases.

This process also helps preserve compute resources and provides easy access to the exact binaries tested in CI pipelines, while adhering to PEP-440 versioning standards:

• develop wheels use the version format dev{date}+{build_number} (e.g., 1.208.0.dev20241212+7001).
• nightly wheels use the version format a{date} (alpha) (e.g., 1.208.0a20241212).

Platform	Nightly	Develop
Linux (x86_64)	✓	✓
Linux (ARM64)	✓	-
macOS (ARM64)	✓	✓
Windows (x86_64)	✓	✓

Note: Development wheels from the develop branch publish for every supported platform except Linux ARM64. Skipping that target keeps CI feedback fast while avoiding unnecessary build resource usage.

[!WARNING]

We do not recommend using development wheels in production environments, such as live trading controlling real capital.

Installation commands

By default, pip will install the latest stable release. Adding the --pre flag ensures that pre-release versions, including development wheels, are considered.

To install the latest available pre-release (including development wheels):

pip install -U nautilus_trader --pre --index-url=https://packages.nautechsystems.io/simple

To install a specific development wheel (e.g., 1.221.0a20251026 for October 26, 2025):

pip install nautilus_trader==1.221.0a20251026 --index-url=https://packages.nautechsystems.io/simple

Available versions

You can view all available versions of nautilus_trader on the package index.

To programmatically fetch and list available versions:

curl -s https://packages.nautechsystems.io/simple/nautilus-trader/index.html | grep -oP '(?<=<a href=")[^"]+(?=")' | awk -F'#' '{print $1}' | sort

[!NOTE]

On Linux, confirm your glibc version with ldd --version and ensure it reports 2.35 or newer before installing binary wheels.

Branch updates

• develop branch wheels (.dev): Build and publish continuously with every merged commit.
• nightly branch wheels (a): Build and publish daily when we automatically merge the develop branch at 14:00 UTC (if there are changes).

Retention policies

• develop branch wheels (.dev): We retain only the most recent wheel build.
• nightly branch wheels (a): We retain only the 30 most recent wheel builds.

Verifying build provenance

All release artifacts (wheels and source distributions) published to PyPI, GitHub Releases, and the Nautech Systems package index include cryptographic attestations that prove their authenticity and build provenance.

These attestations are generated automatically during the CI/CD pipeline using SLSA build provenance, and can be verified to ensure:

• The artifact was built by the official NautilusTrader GitHub Actions workflow.
• The artifact corresponds to a specific commit SHA in the repository.
• The artifact hasn't been tampered with since it was built.

To verify a wheel file using the GitHub CLI:

gh attestation verify nautilus_trader-1.220.0-*.whl --owner nautechsystems

This provides supply chain security by allowing you to cryptographically verify that the installed package came from the official NautilusTrader build process.

[!NOTE]

Attestation verification requires the GitHub CLI (gh) to be installed. Development wheels from develop and nightly branches are also attested and can be verified the same way.

From source

It's possible to install from source using pip if you first install the build dependencies as specified in the pyproject.toml.

1. Install rustup (the Rust toolchain installer):

   • Linux and macOS:

     curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh
     

   • Windows:

     • Download and install rustup-init.exe
     • Install "Desktop development with C++" using Build Tools for Visual Studio 2022

   • Verify (any system): from a terminal session run: rustc --version

2. Enable cargo in the current shell:

   • Linux and macOS:

     source $HOME/.cargo/env
     

   • Windows:

     • Start a new PowerShell

3. Install clang (a C language frontend for LLVM):

   • Linux:

     sudo apt-get install clang
     

   • Windows:

     1. Add Clang to your Build Tools for Visual Studio 2022:

        • Start | Visual Studio Installer | Modify | C++ Clang tools for Windows (latest) = checked | Modify

     2. Enable clang in the current shell:

        [System.Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable('path', "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Tools\Llvm\x64\bin\;" + $env:Path,"User")
        

   • Verify (any system): from a terminal session run: clang --version

4. Install uv (see the uv installation guide for more details):

   • Linux and macOS:

     curl -LsSf https://astral.sh/uv/install.sh | sh
     

   • Windows (PowerShell):

     irm https://astral.sh/uv/install.ps1 | iex
     

5. Clone the source with git, and install from the project's root directory:

   git clone --branch develop --depth 1 https://github.com/nautechsystems/nautilus_trader
   cd nautilus_trader
   uv sync --all-extras
   

[!NOTE]

The --depth 1 flag fetches just the latest commit for a faster, lightweight clone.

6. Set environment variables for PyO3 compilation (Linux and macOS only):

   # Linux only: Set the library path for the Python interpreter
   export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$(python -c 'import sys; print(sys.base_prefix)')/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"
   
   # Set the Python executable path for PyO3
   export PYO3_PYTHON=$(pwd)/.venv/bin/python
   
   # Required for Rust tests when using uv-installed Python
   export PYTHONHOME=$(python -c "import sys; print(sys.base_prefix)")
   

[!NOTE]

The LD_LIBRARY_PATH export is Linux-specific and not needed on macOS.

The PYTHONHOME variable is required when running make cargo-test with a uv-installed Python. Without it, tests that depend on PyO3 may fail to locate the Python runtime.

See the Installation Guide for other options and further details.

Redis

Using Redis with NautilusTrader is optional and only required if configured as the backend for a cache database or message bus. See the Redis section of the Installation Guide for further details.

Makefile

A Makefile is provided to automate most installation and build tasks for development. Some of the targets include:

• make install: Installs in release build mode with all dependency groups and extras.
• make install-debug: Same as make install but with debug build mode.
• make install-just-deps: Installs just the main, dev and test dependencies (does not install package).
• make build: Runs the build script in release build mode (default).
• make build-debug: Runs the build script in debug build mode.
• make build-wheel: Runs uv build with a wheel format in release mode.
• make build-wheel-debug: Runs uv build with a wheel format in debug mode.
• make cargo-test: Runs all Rust crate tests using cargo-nextest.
• make clean: Deletes all build results, such as .so or .dll files.
• make distclean: CAUTION Removes all artifacts not in the git index from the repository. This includes source files which have not been git added.
• make docs: Builds the documentation HTML using Sphinx.
• make pre-commit: Runs the pre-commit checks over all files.
• make ruff: Runs ruff over all files using the pyproject.toml config (with autofix).
• make pytest: Runs all tests with pytest.
• make test-performance: Runs performance tests with codspeed.

[!TIP]

Run make help for documentation on all available make targets.

[!TIP]

See the crates/infrastructure/TESTS.md file for running the infrastructure integration tests.

Examples

Indicators and strategies can be developed in both Python and Cython. For performance and latency-sensitive applications, we recommend using Cython. Below are some examples:

• indicator example written in Python.
• indicator implementations written in Cython.
• strategy examples written in Python.
• backtest examples using a BacktestEngine directly.

Docker

Docker containers are built using the base image python:3.12-slim with the following variant tags:

• nautilus_trader:latest has the latest release version installed.
• nautilus_trader:nightly has the head of the nightly branch installed.
• jupyterlab:latest has the latest release version installed along with jupyterlab and an example backtest notebook with accompanying data.
• jupyterlab:nightly has the head of the nightly branch installed along with jupyterlab and an example backtest notebook with accompanying data.

You can pull the container images as follows:

docker pull ghcr.io/nautechsystems/<image_variant_tag> --platform linux/amd64

You can launch the backtest example container by running:

docker pull ghcr.io/nautechsystems/jupyterlab:nightly --platform linux/amd64
docker run -p 8888:8888 ghcr.io/nautechsystems/jupyterlab:nightly

Then open your browser at the following address:

http://127.0.0.1:8888/lab

[!WARNING]

NautilusTrader currently exceeds the rate limit for Jupyter notebook logging (stdout output). Therefore, we set the log_level to ERROR in the examples. Lowering this level to see more logging will cause the notebook to hang during cell execution. We are investigating a fix that may involve either raising the configured rate limits for Jupyter or throttling the log flushing from Nautilus.

• https://github.com/jupyterlab/jupyterlab/issues/12845
• https://github.com/deshaw/jupyterlab-limit-output

Development

We aim to provide the most pleasant developer experience possible for this hybrid codebase of Python, Cython and Rust. See the Developer Guide for helpful information.

[!TIP]

Run make build-debug to compile after changes to Rust or Cython code for the most efficient development workflow.

Testing with Rust

cargo-nextest is the standard Rust test runner for NautilusTrader. Its key benefit is isolating each test in its own process, ensuring test reliability by avoiding interference.

You can install cargo-nextest by running:

cargo install cargo-nextest

[!TIP]

Run Rust tests with make cargo-test, which uses cargo-nextest with an efficient profile.

Contributing

Thank you for considering contributing to NautilusTrader! We welcome any and all help to improve the project. If you have an idea for an enhancement or a bug fix, the first step is to open an issue on GitHub to discuss it with the team. This helps to ensure that your contribution will be well-aligned with the goals of the project and avoids duplication of effort.

Before getting started, be sure to review the open-source scope outlined in the project’s roadmap to understand what’s in and out of scope.

Once you're ready to start working on your contribution, make sure to follow the guidelines outlined in the CONTRIBUTING.md file. This includes signing a Contributor License Agreement (CLA) to ensure that your contributions can be included in the project.

[!NOTE]

Pull requests should target the develop branch (the default branch). This is where new features and improvements are integrated before release.

Thank you again for your interest in NautilusTrader! We look forward to reviewing your contributions and working with you to improve the project.

Community

Join our community of users and contributors on Discord to chat and stay up-to-date with the latest announcements and features of NautilusTrader. Whether you're a developer looking to contribute or just want to learn more about the platform, all are welcome on our Discord server.

[!WARNING]

NautilusTrader does not issue, promote, or endorse any cryptocurrency tokens. Any claims or communications suggesting otherwise are unauthorized and false.

All official updates and communications from NautilusTrader will be shared exclusively through https://nautilustrader.io, our Discord server, or our X (Twitter) account: @NautilusTrader.

If you encounter any suspicious activity, please report it to the appropriate platform and contact us at [e-mail].

License

The source code for NautilusTrader is available on GitHub under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0. Contributions to the project are welcome and require the completion of a standard Contributor License Agreement (CLA).

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NautilusTrader™ is developed and maintained by Nautech Systems, a technology company specializing in the development of high-performance trading systems. For more information, visit https://nautilustrader.io.

© 2015-2026 Nautech Systems Pty Ltd. All rights reserved.